No Evidence for MLL/AF4 Expression in Normal Cord Blood Samples

The incidence of congenital syphilis has increased rapidly over the past few years. Most infected mothers and their newborns are asymptomatic at birth and diagnosis depends on serologic testing during pregnancy and at delivery. This study was initiated to compare maternal sera, cord blood, and neonatal sera for detecting presumptive congenital syphilis and to assess the role of maternal treatment (administration of penicillin to the mother at least 1 month before delivery) on the serologic results at the time of delivery. The serologic results from all live deliveries complicated by a positive maternal and/or neonatal test for syphilis during a 12-month period were compared using χ2 analysis and multiple comparisons for proportions. Of 3306 livebirths, 73 (2.2%) were complicated by a positive maternal or neonatal serology. At delivery, the serologic test was positive in 68 (94%) of 72 maternal sera, 30 (50%) of 60 cord sera, and 43 (63%) of 68 neonatal sera. In the absence of maternal treatment, 95% of the maternal sera, 66% of the cord blood samples, and 86% of the neonatal sera were positive. If the mother had been treated, 94% of maternal sera, 36% of cord sera, and 39% of neonatal sera were positive. Cord blood and neonatal sera appear to be inferior to maternal sera for detecting prenatal exposure to syphilis. Cord serology is also inferior to neonatal serology at 2 to 3 days of age. The most effective way to identify newborns at risk for congenital syphilis is to obtain a maternal serologic diagnosis during pregnancy and to test maternal and neonatal sera at delivery.

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CAPACITY OF THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN TO BIND TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE IN MATERNAL AND CORD BLOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.29.3.369 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 369-375

Author(s):

William M. Michener ◽

W. Newlon Tauxe ◽

Alvin B. Hayles

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Normal Values ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Quantitative Difference ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Thyroxine Binding Globulin

Normal values for the measurement of thyroidal function using the erythrocytic uptake of I131-labeled triiodothyronine and the thyroxine-binding capacity of the inter-alpha globulin were established. Paired maternal and cord blood samples collected at the time of delivery were studied with these methods. The erythrocytic uptake of labeled hormone was increased in cord blood as compared to maternal blood. Cord blood apparently binds exogenous triiodothyronine in a different manner than it does exogenous thyroxine. Whether this is a qualitative or quantitative difference was not shown in this study.

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Cord blood buffy coat DNA methylation is comparable to whole cord blood methylation

10.1101/181057 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John Dou ◽

Rebecca J. Schmidt ◽

Kelly S. Benke ◽

Craig Newschaffer ◽

Irva Hertz-Picciotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Cell Types ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Sample Type ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cell Composition ◽

Cell Counts

AbstractBackgroundCord blood DNA methylation is associated with numerous health outcomes and environmental exposures. Whole cord blood DNA reflects all nucleated blood cell types, while centrifuging whole blood separates red blood cells by generating a white blood cell buffy coat. Both sample types are used in DNA methylation studies. Cell types have unique methylation patterns and processing can impact cell distributions, which may influence comparability.ObjectivesTo evaluate differences in cell composition and DNA methylation between buffy coat and whole cord blood samples.MethodsCord blood DNA methylation was measured with the Infinium EPIC BeadChip (Illumina) in 8 individuals, each contributing buffy coat and whole blood samples. We analyzed principal components (PC) of methylation, performed hierarchical clustering, and computed correlations of mean-centered methylation between pairs. We conducted moderated t-tests on single sites and estimated cell composition.ResultsDNA methylation PCs were associated with individual (PPC1=1.4x10-9; PPC2=2.9x10-5; PPC3=3.8x10-5; PPC4=4.2x10-6; PPC5=9.9x10-13), and not with sample type (PPC1-5>0.7). Samples hierarchically clustered by individual. Pearson correlations of mean-centered methylation between paired individual samples ranged from r=0.66 to r=0.87. No individual site significantly differed between buffy coat and whole cord blood when adjusting for multiple comparisons (5 sites had unadjusted P<10-5). Estimated cell type proportions did not differ by sample type (P=0.86), and estimated cell counts were highly correlated between paired samples (r=0.99).ConclusionsDifferences in methylation and cell composition between buffy coat and whole cord blood are much lower than inter-individual variation, demonstrating that both sample preparation types can be analytically combined and compared.

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Plasma proteome changes in cord blood samples from preterm infants

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/s41372-018-0150-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1182-1189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maciej Suski ◽

Renata Bokiniec ◽

Monika Szwarc-Duma ◽

Józef Madej ◽

Beata Bujak-Giżycka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Plasma Proteome ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Proteome Changes

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Basophil Releasability in the Newborn: Factors Limiting Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Histamine Release

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.2.188 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 188-192

Author(s):

Guillermo R. Mendoza ◽

Kiminobu Minagawa ◽

Francine B. Orner ◽

E. Richard Stiehm

Keyword(s):

Histamine Release ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Variable Degree ◽

Receptor Density ◽

Ige Receptor ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Serum Ige ◽

Ige Binding ◽

Ige Receptors

Cord basophil preparations from 53 term neonates were studied for various factors affecting immediate hypersensitivity reactions including: basophil IgE receptor density and histamine releasability following incubation with calcium ionophore A23187, zymosan-activated serum (C5a), and anti-IgE. Basophil histamine content (geometric mean, 0.4 pg/basophil, with content in 14/28 cord blood samples below 0.2 pg/cell) is considerably below that of atopic and nonatopic individuals (geometric mean, 2.3 pg/basophil). Histamine release is normal with both A23187 (range 33% to 88%) and C5a (range 11% to 58%). Normal release with anti-IgE was shown in five of nine cord blood samples (range 13% of 52%), but four of five cell preparations required IgE preincubation. Indirect evidence indicates that basophils from newborns contain less than 30,000 total IgE receptors /cell. IgE-mediated histamine release in basophils from newborns is minimized by suboptimal IgE binding. Optimal IgE binding is not favored in basophils from neonates because of low serum IgE and low IgE receptor density. Serum IgE and IgE receptors increase to a variable degree as the child grows older and may determine the clinical onset of allergic disease.

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Cord Malaria Infection, Complement Activation, Oxidative Stress, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight, Characterized by High Plasmodium falciparum Prevalence in Bamenda, Cameroon

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/7209542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Oumar Mahamat ◽

Kidio Gisele Ndum ◽

Sumo Laurentine ◽

Ntonifor Ngum Helen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Weak Negative Correlation ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background. It is unknown whether the presence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in umbilical cord blood denotes activation of complement and oxidative stress to affect the duration of pregnancy and birth weight. Methods. In a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2019 in Bamenda, Cameroon, cord blood samples were collected from 300 women at delivery. Parasitaemia was determined microscopically. Babies’ weight and age of gestation were recorded. Plasma levels of complement and oxidative stress were measured by specific tests. Results. Cord blood malaria prevalence was 21.33%. Babies with an infected cord showed a low birth weight and gestation age than those with uninfected cords. More babies with infected cords had LBW (6.25%) compared to the counterparts (5.50%). The levels of parasitaemia and the babies’ weight showed a weak positive correlation. The prevalence of preterm and postterm birth was 4.33% and 24.33% respectively, with a weak negative correlation between the age of gestation and the umbilical cord parasitaemia. There was correlation between cord parasitaemia and levels of complement haemolytic activity titter (CH50) and specific classical pathway activity (CPA) in cord blood. CH50 and CPA levels, however, were significantly higher in infected cord blood samples, compared with uninfected cord blood samples. CH50 showed a negative correlation with the birth weight and gestational age in infected cord blood samples. The levels of total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant defense were significantly lower in infected cord blood than uninfected. TOS displayed a positive correlation with the density of parasitaemia and a weak negative correlation with the birth weight and gestational age in infected cord blood. Conclusion. Cord blood infection lowers the complement haemolytic titter, oxygen radicals and total antioxidant defense in neonates. This lowering of complement haemolytic titter and oxygen radical compounds in umbilical cord malaria are associated with low birth weight and preterm birth.

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Association study of rs1801282 PPARG gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a Spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring

Journal of Biomedical Science ◽

10.1186/s12929-020-00694-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria García-Ricobaraza ◽

Mercedes García-Bermúdez ◽

Francisco J. Torres-Espinola ◽

M. Teresa Segura Moreno ◽

Mathieu N. Bleyere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Immune Parameters

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily functioning as transcription factors to regulate cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. Moreover, it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism, as well as the maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the control of inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala (rs1808212) PPARG gene polymorphism on immune molecular and cellular components in mothers and their offspring participating in the PREOBE study. Methods DNA from maternal venous blood samples at 24, 34 and 40 gestational weeks, plus cord blood samples was extracted. Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism genotyping was performed, and immune system markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Study findings revealed no effect of rs1808212 PPARG genotypes on innate immune parameters in mothers and their offspring; however, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were decreased at 24 and 34 weeks in pregnant women carrying the CG (Pro12Ala) rs1808212 polymorphism, (p = 0,012 and p = 0,030; respectively). Only CD19 levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher at delivery in pregnant women carrying the CC (Pro12Pro) genotype (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in leukocytes and neutrophils maternal levels at 34 weeks of gestation, being lower in carriers of Pro12Ala genotype (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism may have an effect on some cell and immune parameters in pregnant women during pregnancy and at time of delivery. However, newborn innate immune system does not seems to be influenced by PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in cord blood.

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Determinants and Measurement of Neonatal Vitamin D: Overestimation of 25(OH)D in Cord Blood Using CLIA Assay Technology

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgz299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1085-e1092

Author(s):

Mengdi Lu ◽

Bruce W Hollis ◽

Vincent J Carey ◽

Nancy Laranjo ◽

Ravinder J Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

First Trimester ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Positive Bias ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Human Cord Blood ◽

Blood Samples

Abstract Context Vitamin D (VD) deficiency in pregnancy and the neonatal period has impacts on childhood outcomes. Maternal VD sufficiency is crucial for sufficiency in the neonate, though the effect of early versus late pregnancy 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on neonatal levels is unknown. Furthermore, chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) are widely used, though their validity in measuring 25(OH)D specifically in cord blood specimens has not been established. Objective To assess the validity of a CLIA in the measurement of cord blood 25(OH)D and to evaluate maternal determinants of neonatal 25(OH)D, including early versus late pregnancy 25(OH)D levels. Design This is an ancillary analysis from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Participants and Intervention A total of 881 pregnant women at high risk of having offspring asthma were randomized to receive VD supplementation or placebo. Serum samples were collected from mothers in early and late pregnancy and from offspring cord blood at birth. 25(OH)D levels were assayed by CLIA in all maternal and offspring samples and by LC-MS/MS in all offspring samples and a subset of 200 maternal third trimester samples. Results Cord blood 25(OH)D levels were higher as measured by CLIA (mean 37.13 ng/mL [SD 18.30]) than by LC-MS/MS (mean 23.54 ng/mL [SD 11.99]), with a mean positive bias of 13.54 ng/mL (SD 12.92) by Bland-Altman analysis. This positive bias in measurement by CLIA was not observed in maternal samples. Third trimester 25(OH)D was a positive determinant of neonatal 25(OH)D levels. Conclusion Chemiluminescence immunoassays overestimate 25(OH)D levels in human cord blood samples, an effect not observed in maternal blood samples. The quantification of 25(OH)D by CLIA should therefore not be considered valid when assayed in cord blood samples. Third trimester, but not first trimester, maternal 25(OH)D is one of several determinants of neonatal 25(OH)D status.

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