scholarly journals Dose of early intervention treatment during children’s first 36 months of life is associated with developmental outcomes: an observational cohort study in three low/low-middle income countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan L Wallander ◽  
Fred J Biasini ◽  
Vanessa Thorsten ◽  
Sangappa M Dhaded ◽  
Desiree M de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Observational Cohort

scholarly journals Gonadectomy In Conditions Affecting Sex Development – A Registry-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K Lucas-Herald ◽  
Jillian Bryce ◽  
Andreas Kyriakou ◽  
Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic ◽  
Wiebke Arlt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Specialist Center ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: To determine trends in clinical practice for individuals with DSD requiring gonadectomy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Information regarding age at gonadectomy according to diagnosis; reported sex; time of presentation to specialist center; and location of center from cases reported to the International DSD Registry and who were over 16 years old in January 2019. Results: Data regarding gonadectomy were available in 668 (88%) individuals from 44 centers. Of these, 248 (37%) (median age (range) 24 (17, 75) years) were male and 420 (63%) (median age (range) 26 (16, 86) years) were female. Gonadectomy was reported from 36 centers in 351/668 cases (53%). Females were more likely to undergo gonadectomy (n=311, p<0.0001). The indication for gonadectomy was reported in 268 (76%). The most common indication was mitigation of tumour risk in 172 (64%). Variations in the practice of gonadectomy were observed; of the 351 cases from 36 centers, 17 (5%) at 9 centers had undergone gonadectomy before their first presentation to the specialist center. Median age at gonadectomy of cases from high income countries and low/middle income countries (LMIC) was 13.0 yrs (0.1, 68) years and 16.5 yrs (1, 28), respectively (p<0.0001) with the likelihood of long-term retention of gonads being higher in LMIC countries. Conclusions: The likelihood of gonadectomy depends on the underlying diagnosis, sex of rearing and the geographical setting. Clinical benchmarks, which can be studied across all forms of DSD will allow a better understanding of the variation in the practice of gonadectomy.

scholarly journals Trends in Cystic Fibrosis survival over 40 years in South Africa: an observational cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zampoli ◽  
Reshma Kassanjee ◽  
Janine Verstraete ◽  
Anthony Westwood ◽  
Heather Zar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Diagnosis Age

Introduction: Temporal trends in CF survival from low-middle-income settings are poorly reported. We describe changes in CF survival after diagnosis over 40 years from a South African (SA) CF center. Methods: An observational cohort study of people diagnosed with CF from 1974 to 2019. Changes in age-specific mortality rates from the year 2000 (versus before 2000) were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression. Data were stratified by current age < or ≥ 10 years and models controlled for diagnosis age, sex, ethnicity, genotype, and P. aeruginosa (PA) infection. A second analysis explored association of mortality with weight and FEV1z-scores at age 5-8 years. Results: 288 people (52% male; 57% Caucasian; 44% p.Phe508del homozygous) were included (median diagnosis age 0.5 years: Q1,Q3: 0.2, 2.5); 58 (35%) died and 30 (10%) lost to follow-up. Among age >10 years, age-specific mortality from year 2000 was significantly lower (adjusted hazard ratio aHR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.06,0.29; p<0.001), but not among age <10 years (aHR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.28,1.64; p=0.383). In children <10 years, Caucasian ethnicity was associated with lower mortality (aHR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05,0.63), and time since first PA infection with higher mortality (aHR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01,1.68). Mortality was 7-fold higher if FEV1z was < -2.0 at age 5-8 years (aHR 7.64; 95% CI 2.58,22.59). Conclusion: Overall, CF survival has significantly improved in SA from year 2000 in people older than 10 years. However, increased risk of mortality persists in young non-Caucasian children, and with FEV1z<-2.0 at age 5-8 years.

scholarly journals Mixed-methods, descriptive and observational cohort study examining feeding and growth patterns among low birthweight infants in India, Malawi and Tanzania: the LIFE study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048216
Author(s):  
Linda Vesel ◽  
Lauren Spigel ◽  
Jnanindra Nath Behera ◽  
Roopa M Bellad ◽  
Leena Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Observational Cohort

IntroductionEnding preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 will not be possible without evidence-based strategies addressing the health and care of low birthweight (LBW, <2.5 kg) infants. The majority of LBW infants are born in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and account for more than 60%–80% of newborn deaths. Feeding promotion tailored to meet the nutritional needs of LBW infants in LMICs may serve a crucial role in curbing newborn mortality rates and promoting growth. The Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration (LIFE) study aims to establish foundational knowledge regarding optimal feeding options for LBW infants in low-resource settings throughout infancy.Methods and analysisLIFE is a formative, multisite, observational cohort study involving 12 study facilities in India, Malawi and Tanzania, and using a convergent parallel, mixed-methods design. We assess feeding patterns, growth indicators, morbidity, mortality, child development and health system inputs that facilitate or hinder care and survival of LBW infants.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by 11 ethics committees in India, Malawi, Tanzania and the USA. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations targeting the global and local research, clinical, programme implementation and policy communities.Trial registration numbersNCT04002908 and CTRI/2019/02/017475.

scholarly journals Trajectories of body mass index and waist circumference in four Peruvian settings at different level of urbanisation: the CRONICAS Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco ◽  
J Jaime Miranda ◽  
Robert H Gilman ◽  
William Checkley ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Averaged Model ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundStudies have reported the incidence/risk of becoming obese, but few have described the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) over time, especially in low/middle-income countries. We assessed the trajectories of BMI and WC according to sex in four sites in Peru.MethodsData from the population-based CRONICAS Cohort Study were analysed. We fitted a population-averaged model by using generalised estimating equations. The outcomes of interest, with three data points over time, were BMI and WC. The exposure variable was the factorial interaction between time and study site.ResultsAt baseline mean age was 55.7 years (SD: 12.7) and 51.6% were women. Mean follow-up time was 2.5 years (SD: 0.4). Over time and across sites, BMI and WC increased linearly. The less urbanised sites showed a faster increase than more urbanised sites, and this was also observed after sex stratification. Overall, the fastest increase was found for WC compared with BMI. Compared with Lima, the fastest increase in WC was in rural Puno (coefficient=0.73, P<0.001), followed by urban Puno (coefficient=0.59, P=0.001) and Tumbes (coefficient=0.22, P=0.088).ConclusionsThere was a linear increase in BMI and WC across study sites, with the greatest increase in less urbanised areas. The ongoing urbanisation process, common to Peru and other low/middle-income countries, is accompanied by different trajectories of increasing obesity-related markers.

Influence of vitamin D on outcomes following burn injury: An observational cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Al-Tarrah ◽  
Carl Jenkinson ◽  
Martin Hewison ◽  
Naiem Moiemen ◽  
Janet Lord
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Observational Cohort

The Pros and Cons of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes—Nationwide, Matched, Observational Cohort Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 131-OR
Author(s):  
VASILEIOS LIAKOPOULOS ◽  
ANN-MARIE SVENSSON ◽  
INGMAR NASLUND ◽  
BJORN ELIASSON
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Pros And Cons

The Impact of Covid 19 on Pregnant Women and Child Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1367-1373
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sanjay Mujbaile ◽  
Smita Damke
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
General Wellbeing

The Covid illness (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly all through the world and has had a drawn-out impact. The Pandemic has done incredible damage to society and made genuine mental injury to numerous individuals. Mental emergencies frequently cause youngsters to deliver sentiments of relinquishment, despondency, insufficiency, and fatigue and even raise the danger of self-destruction. Youngsters with psychological instabilities are particularly powerless during the isolate and colonial removing period. Convenient and proper assurances are expected to forestall the event of mental and social issues. The rising advanced applications and wellbeing administrations, for example, telehealth, web-based media, versatile wellbeing, and far off intuitive online instruction can connect the social separation and backing mental and conduct wellbeing for youngsters. Because of the mental advancement qualities of youngsters, this investigation additionally outlines intercessions on the mental effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Further difficulties in Low Middle-Income Countries incorporate the failure to actualize successful general wellbeing estimates, for example, social separating, hand cleanliness, definitive distinguishing proof of contaminated individuals with self-disconnection and widespread utilization of covers The aberrant impacts of the Pandemic on youngster wellbeing are of extensive concern, including expanding neediness levels, upset tutoring, absence of admittance to the class taking care of plans, decreased admittance to wellbeing offices and breaks in inoculation and other kid wellbeing programs. Kept tutoring is critical for kids in Low Middle-Income Countries. Arrangement of safe situations is mainly testing in packed asset obliged schools. 

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