HIV related risk behaviours among taxi drivers and their assistants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: descriptive cross-sectional survey

Abstract In the present study, we examine the correlation between religiosity and health-related risk behaviours among citizens aged 29–60 based on a cross-sectional survey in Denmark, known for its more secular culture. Health-related risk behaviours such as smoking and alcohol intake are known to increase the risk of developing one or more chronic or life-threatening diseases. In this study religiosity, in a random sample of Danes, seems to be associated with healthier lifestyle, such as a healthier dietary pattern and less smoking, as is found in more religious cultures. Our study suggests that religious practice among Danish citizens seems to be correlated with health behaviours and that healthcare professionals should pay more attention to the connection between religiosity and health.

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Low and Stable Prevalence of HIV among Drug Injectors in Glasgow

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/095646249400500205 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 105-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A Taylor ◽

M Frischer ◽

S T Green ◽

D Goldberg ◽

N McKeganey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Users ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Risk Behaviours ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Drug Injectors ◽

Rapid Dissemination ◽

The City

The first HIV-positive diagnosis among injecting drug users (IDU) in Glasgow was made in 1985. By the end of 1987 prevalence among IDU receiving voluntary attributable tests was 4.8%. Since 1990, an annual cross-sectional survey of HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among 500 current Glasgow IDU has provided a more representative sample. Anonymously-tested saliva samples obtained from respondents revealed prevalence rates of 1.8%, 1.2% and 1.0% in 1990, 1991 and 1992 respectively. Siince 1987 a wide range of measures aimed at reducing HIV-related risk behaviour among IDU has been introduced and maintained in Glasgow. Against this background, there is evidence that IDU in the city have reduced their risk behaviours. The findings reported here suggest that implementing harm-reduction measures when prevalence is low may inhibit the rapid dissemination of HIV.

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Risk Factors Associated to Obesity in Cycle-Taxi Drivers of Mexico City’s Historic Downtown

Gerencia y Políticas de Salud ◽

10.11144/javeriana.rgps19.rfao ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Luis David Berrones Sanz ◽

María Guadalupe de Dios Bravo ◽

Exiquio Cesar González Peña ◽

Victoria Alejandra Muro Báez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Food Intake ◽

Social Reproduction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Taxi Drivers ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

Related Risk

From the perspective of social reproduction, the focus of this study is placed on the collective practice of diet in bike taxi drivers (or rickshaws) of Mexico City’s historic downtown, analyzed as key element in a characteristic pathologic profile observed in health/disease conditions, particularly as the cause for overweight, obesity, dyslipidemias, and factors associated to metabolic syndrome. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 (90.2%) drivers. A survey was used to collect data on diet habits, working conditions and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to analyze biochemical parameters in order to assess the subjects’ health status and establish obesity-related risk factors. The results reveal that average daily soda consumption is 1.6 liters (54 fl. oz.), an equivalent of 629 kilocalories per day. Vegetables are consumed 3.1 times per week and 65.7 kilograms (145 pounds) of corn tortillas are consumed per year. Obesity is associated to the number of years a person has been driving a bike taxi [χ2(2, N = 99) = 6.747, p = 0.034]. 69.1% is overweight or obese, 63.3% has hypertriglyceridemia and 49.1% meet three or more criteria to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Drivers’ intake of sugary drinks and junk food is high, while recommended food intake like vegetables, fruits, legumes and white meat is low. Ongoing campaigns are recommended to promote healthy food intake, avoid sugary drinks intake and facilitate water consumption.

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Moroccan Taxi Drivers Sleepiness Using Epworth Scale: A Cross-sectional Survey

J of Health Science ◽

10.17265/2328-7136/2017.03.005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Benaicha ◽

Adil Najdi ◽

Abdessalam Diarra ◽

Oussmane Désiré Diakite ◽

Oussamne Sy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Taxi Drivers ◽

Epworth Scale

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High HIV prevalence among transgender women in Paraguay

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420945550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (13) ◽

pp. 1308-1314

Author(s):

Gloria Aguilar ◽

Tania Samudio ◽

Gladys Lopez ◽

Liliana Jimenez ◽

Erin C Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Prevention ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Care Needs ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Related Risk ◽

Trans Women

Transgender women have been understudied and underserved in Paraguay; data are urgently needed to understand their HIV prevention and care needs. To estimate HIV prevalence and related risk and preventive behaviors among trans women in Paraguay, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2017. We employed starfish sampling – a hybrid venue-based and peer-referral method combining recruitment at randomly sampled venues and randomly selected clients from program lists, followed by short-chain referrals of eligible peers. Among 304 trans women enrolled, HIV prevalence was 24.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.5–31.2%), with risk increasing with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.06 per year, 95% CI 1.03–1.10), residence in Asunción department (AOR 4.75, 95% CI 1.57–14.36), and cocaine use (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.11–3.95). Trans women in Paraguay need to be prioritized for interventions with high HIV prevention efficacy. Substance use interventions to address cocaine use may also yield prevention benefits for trans women in our context.

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An Assessment of Digital Media-related Admissions in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.2174/2210676609666190221152018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 220-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meredith Gansner ◽

Erin Belfort ◽

Caroline Leahy ◽

Danielle Mirda ◽

Nicholas Carson

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Media Use ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Admissions ◽

Adolescent Report ◽

Related Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Psychiatrically Hospitalized ◽

Suicide Planning

Background: Prevalent adolescent digital media use has brought clinical attention to its potential associated risks. While excessive digital media use has been connected to adolescent difficulties with mood and impulsivity, no study has examined digital media’s role in precipitating adolescent psychiatric admissions. Objective: Our study aims were to identify and characterize digital media-related admissions in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, and to recognize unique patterns of digital media use within this sample. We hypothesized that adolescents with digital mediarelated admissions would endorse higher amounts of digital media use and problematic online behaviors. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents between 2012 and 2016. Admissions were considered related to digital media use either by adolescent report or documentation in the medical record. Unadjusted comparisons were used to examine relationships between digital media-related psychiatric admissions, online behaviors and suicide-related risk factors. Results: 68 of 218 participants (31.2%) had digital media-related admissions. The most frequent cause of digital media-related admission was cyberbullying (31.9%). Teens with digital- media related admissions were significantly more likely to sext, use social media, and be cyberbullied; these adolescents were also at increased risk of suicide planning and hopelessness. Conclusion: Efforts should be made by mental health clinicians to identify and address online relational conflict, as well as to screen for cyberbullying and sexting. Clinicians should consider that adolescents with digital media-related presentations may be at elevated risk of self-harm, with higher rates of suicide planning and hopelessness compared to hospitalized peers with admissions unrelated to digital media.

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How many people have been bitten by dogs? A cross-sectional survey of prevalence, incidence and factors associated with dog bites in a UK community

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209330 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Carri Westgarth ◽

Megan Brooke ◽

Robert M Christley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Point Change ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Records ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Related Risk

BackgroundDog bite studies are typically based on hospital records and may be biased towards bites requiring significant medical treatment. This study investigated true dog bite prevalence and incidence at a community-level and victim-related risk factors, in order to inform policy and prevention.MethodsA cross-sectional study of a community of 1280 households in Cheshire, UK, surveyed 694 respondents in 385 households. Data included dog ownership and bite history, demographics, health and personality (Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) brief measure). Multivariable logistic regression modelled risk factors for having ever been bitten by a dog, accounting for clustering of individuals within households.ResultsA quarter of participants (24.78%, 95% CI 21.72 to 28.13) reported having ever been bitten by a dog during their lifetime, with only a third of bites described requiring further medical treatment and 0.6% hospital admission. Incidence of dog bites was 18.7 (11.0–31.8) per 1000 population per year. Males were 1.81 times more likely to have been bitten in their lifetime than females (95% CI 1.20 to 2.72, P=0.005). Current owners of multiple dogs were 3.3 times more likely (95% CI 1.13 to 9.69, P=0.03) to report having been bitten than people not currently owning a dog. Regarding all bites described, most commonly people were bitten by a dog that they had never met before the incident (54.7%). Individuals scoring higher in emotional stability had a lower risk of having ever been bitten (OR=0.77 for 1 point change in scale between 1 and 7, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.9, P=0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that the real burden of dog bites is considerably larger than those estimated from hospital records. Further, many bites do not require medical treatment and hospital-based bite data are not representative of bites within the wider population. Victim personality requires further investigation and potential consideration in the design of bite prevention schemes.

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Hepatitis E seroprevalence and related risk factors among seafood processing workers: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong Province, China

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 62-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Weihong Cui ◽

Yuan Sun ◽

Aiqiang Xu ◽

Rihong Gao ◽

Lianfeng Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk ◽

Seafood Processing

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Assessing Digital Risk in Psychiatric Patients: Mixed Methods Study of Psychiatry Trainees’ Experiences, Views, and Understanding

JMIR Mental Health ◽

10.2196/19008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. e19008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Golnar Aref-Adib ◽

Gabriella Landy ◽

Michelle Eskinazi ◽

Andrew Sommerlad ◽

Nicola Morant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Internet Use ◽

Child And Adolescent ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Set ◽

Related Risk

Background The use of digital technology can help people access information and provide support for their mental health problems, but it can also expose them to risk, such as bullying or prosuicide websites. It may be important to consider internet-related risk behavior (digital risk) within a generic psychiatric risk assessment, but no studies have explored the practice or acceptability of this among psychiatrists. Objective This study aimed to explore psychiatry trainees’ experiences, views, and understanding of digital risk in psychiatry. We predicted that clinician awareness would be highest among trainees who work in child and adolescent mental health services. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of psychiatry trainees attending a UK regional trainees’ conference to investigate how they routinely assess patients’ internet use and related risk of harm and their experience and confidence in assessing these risks. We conducted focus groups to further explore trainees’ understandings and experiences of digital risk assessment. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used to present the quantitative data. A thematic analysis was used to identify the key themes in the qualitative data set. Results The cross-sectional survey was completed by 113 out of 312 psychiatry trainees (response rate 36.2%), from a range of subspecialties and experience levels. Half of the trainees (57/113, 50.4%) reported treating patients exposed to digital risk, particularly trainees subspecializing in child and adolescent psychiatry (17/22, 77% vs 40/91, 44%;P=.02). However, 67.3% (76/113) reported not feeling competent to assess digital risk. Child and adolescent psychiatrists were more likely than others to ask patients routinely about specific digital risk domains, including reckless web-based behavior (18/20, 90% vs 54/82, 66%; P=.03), prosuicide websites (20/21, 95% vs 57/81, 70%; P=.01), and online sexual behavior (17/21, 81% vs 44/81, 54%; P=.02). Although 84.1% (95/113) of the participants reported using a proforma to record general risk assessment, only 5% (5/95) of these participants prompted an assessment of internet use. Only 9.7% (11/113) of the trainees had received digital risk training, and 73.5% (83/113) reported that they would value this. Our thematic analysis of transcripts from 3 focus groups (comprising 11 trainees) identified 2 main themes: barriers to assessment and management of digital risk, and the double-edged sword of web use. Barriers reported included the novelty and complexity of the internet, a lack of confidence and guidance in addressing internet use directly, and ongoing tension between assessment and privacy. Conclusions Although it is common for psychiatrists to encounter patients subject to digital risk, trainee psychiatrists lack competence and confidence in their assessment. Training in digital risk and the inclusion of prompts in standardized risk proformas would promote good clinical practice and prevent a potential blind spot in general risk assessment.

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Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment and Associated Factors among Building Construction Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019

10.21203/rs.2.18417/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Meseret Yitayew ◽

Aklilu Azazeh ◽

Sofia Kebede ◽

Addisu Alehegn

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Safety Management ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Construction Site ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract BackgroundPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a material, device, equipment or clothing which is used or worn by a worker to protect them from exposure or contact with any harmful material or energy which may cause injury, disease or even death. The use of personal protective equipment is a universal legal requirement to protect workers against occupational injuries and illnesses in their workplace. The international labor office estimates that every year there are some 125 million work-related accidents, 220, 000 of them are fatal. This study assessed personal protective equipment utilization and associated factors among building construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional survey was conducted on the selected construction sites in April 2019. Data was collected by using pre-tested Amharic questioner from 206 study subjects with a response rate of 100% via face to face interviews. Epi info version 7.1 and SPSS version 25 were used for data cleaning and analysis respectively. Independent variables with P<0.2 were transformed from bivariate to multivariate logistic regression. P<0.05 and was declared as an associated factor.ResultsThis study showed that (38.3%) of construction site workers were used at least one personal protective equipment. Presence of safety training, safety brief before commencing work and the availability of governmental visits were associated factors for utilization of personal protective equipment. Regarding, the type of injuries that occur on a majority of workers were abrasion (35%) and climbing at high was the common cause of injury. ConclusionsPPE utilization and safety measure in construction industries is insignificant and construction site workers are not adapted to take care of themselves as it manifested by low use of PPE. An effort for occupational safety assurance should be put in practice to avoid accidents on building a site with an unconditional commitment to all the projects. Riddance of hazards and deterrence of accidents on-site should be within the proficiency of each site. The client should be involved in safety management coupled with having a great craving for safety.

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