Perceptions of HIV/STI prevention among young adults in Sweden who travel abroad: a qualitative study with focus group and individual interviews

ABSTRACTElders have long been recognised as among the most vulnerable people in disaster events. This paper reports a qualitative study of the self-perceived needs of older people in the aftermath of the Bam earthquake in Iran in 2003. A total of 56 people aged from 65 to 88 years were recruited to the study using purposive sampling, including 29 men and 27 women. Six focus group discussions and ten semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Each focus group involved six to ten people from the cities of Bam and Baravat and their rural suburbs. Content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data. The analysis identified four major themes among the informants' concerns: inappropriate service delivery, affronts to dignity, feeling insecure and emotional distress. A disaster-prone country like Iran needs to be appropriately prepared with culturally sensitive plans to meet the needs of those who suffer from their effects, not least older people. Emergency relief managers should note that for many older people in a disaster zone, customary forms of relief are neither required nor appropriate, and that their distinctive immediate and long-term needs should be assessed and met. Relief agencies need to be trained to be age-sensitive and should mainstream older people's rights in the planning and implementation of both the response and recovery phases of assistance.

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An examination of talent management processes in Australian higher education

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management ◽

10.1108/ijppm-10-2018-0352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1271-1299

Author(s):

Atheer Abdullah Mohammed ◽

Abdul Hafeez Baig ◽

Raj Gururajan

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Talent Management ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Management Processes ◽

Talent Retention ◽

New Ideas ◽

Value Add

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the best processes that are currently used in managing talent in Australian higher education (HE) and to examine the policies in terms of talent management processes (TMPs) that are derived from objective one. Pragmatic benefits for academic institutions focused on enhancing talent. Design/methodology/approach This study selects the mixed method as its research design. In the qualitative study, there were three methods: brainstorming, focus group and individual interviews, followed by the quantitative questionnaire study. The sample consisted of 6 participants for brainstorming, 11 in focus group, 6 individual interviews and 286 participants for the quantitative questionnaire, all conducted in nine Australian universities. Findings Three key themes: talent retention, talent development and talent attraction were explored by the qualitative study. The quantitative study tests the level of an importance regarding the three TMPs explored. Practical implications This empirical research is one of the first few studies that extended the previous investigation of TMPs in various industries to the HE sector. This research provides more debates for adding more new ideas in the Australian education strategic plans for HE. Originality/value This study offers a value-add to talent management literature through designing a quantitative measurement of TMPs for the educational sector. Consequently, there is a deficiency of pragmatic evidence in terms of TMPs in the aforementioned sector. Furthermore, this study provides a clear and comprehensive outline of the extant scholarly research of TMPs from the period 2006–2018.

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Adherence to Treatment in First Episode Psychosis: Acceptance, Refusal, or Ambivalent Process?

Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health ◽

10.7870/cjcmh-2020-018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Laurence Artaud ◽

Amal Abdel-Baki ◽

Marie Nolin ◽

Cécile Rousseau

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

Early Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Sense Of Ownership ◽

Episode Psychosis

Drawing from the perspectives of 18 youth (characterized as adherent, ambivalent, nonadherent), 13 relatives and 8 clinicians, this qualitative study, using semi-structured individual interviews and a focus group, explores why individuals suffering from early psychosis accept or refuse treatment. Identity and relationships, understanding of the diagnosis and significance given to treatment are key themes. Varying degrees of ambivalence and nonadherence can be seen as normal stages of a process to rebuild their sense of self and construct their identity. A trusting relationship may facilitate gradual resolution of ambivalence, promoting the individuals’ sense of ownership and empowerment in the context of treatment.

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How to strengthen clinical research in Shenzhen, China: qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e024534

Author(s):

Ping Ji ◽

Hongling Chu ◽

Chao Zhang ◽

Ping Xiao ◽

Min Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Functional System ◽

Research Subject ◽

Semistructured Interview ◽

Human Research ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Human Research Subject ◽

Training Programmes

ObjectivesTo better understand the strengths and weaknesses, and to propose policy recommendations, regarding conducting high-quality clinical research in Shenzhen, China.DesignA qualitative study conducted from August to November 2016 using a semistructured interview format involving both focus group interviews and individual interviews.SettingShenzhen, China.ParticipantsStratified purposive and convenience sampling were used. Thirty individuals experienced in conducting and managing clinical research were selected from key stakeholder groups, comprising 11 from local hospitals, 14 from pharmaceutical/medical device companies and 5 from government agencies.MethodsA semistructured interview guide was developed by the study group and used by experienced interviewers in focus group discussions and individual interviews. The interviewees were encouraged to share their opinions freely and discuss their own topics of interest during the interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analysis and all data were coded and extracted using NVivo V.11.0 software.ResultsFavourable driving factors for clinical research in Shenzhen identified by all stakeholders included the recent trend of increased governmental funding for clinical research, supportive governmental policies, wide recognition of the value of clinical research and high demands from local industry. The major challenges include a lack of technical infrastructure, weak human research subject protection and a lack of capable research resources.ConclusionsDespite the established strengths, Shenzhen still needs to develop suitable technical platforms, human resources training programmes and strong human research subject protection programmes pertaining to clinical research. This would facilitate the establishment of a functional system that can be expected to lead to increased medical research innovation in Shenzhen.

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Essential Information for Transition of Care for Frail Elderly Patients in Japan: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122059/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shinji Matsumura ◽

Makiko Ozaki ◽

Tetsuya Kanno ◽

Tomomi Iioka ◽

Seiji Bito

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Care Transition ◽

Referral Process ◽

Transition Of Care ◽

Essential Information ◽

Successful Transition ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Group Sessions ◽

Patient’S Will

Abstract Background: Information exchange between hospitals and primary care physicians is suboptimal. Most physicians are dissatisfied with the current referral process, and poor communication leads to negative care transition outcomes.Methods: To identify the key information needed in referral letters for successful transition of care. We conducted a qualitative study using consecutive, semi-structured in-person interviews and focus group sessions. We recruited 5 participants for individual interviews and 16 participants for focus groups. All participants were engaged in clinical work. We analyzed all data using qualitative thematic analysis. Interview transcripts were analyzed inductively and reflectively. All results were returned to the participants and modified based on their feedback. Results: The five individual interviews provided a general picture of the current referral process and a useful interview guide for the following focus group sessions. The focus group discussions were used to identify the essential care transition information needed at admission and discharge from the hospital. Essential information on hospital admission were: 1) Basic medical and care information, 2) Care resources available at home, 3) The purpose of admission and the goals of care during hospitalization, and 4) Status of advance care planning (ACP) and patient’s will in an emergency. Essential information on hospital discharge were: 1) Clinical course, 2) Explanation of medical condition during hospitalization, 3) Status of ACP and patient’s will in an emergency, and 4) Medical procedures to be continued at home. Conclusion: We identified the essential information needed for successful transition of care in Japan, particularly on admission to and discharge from acute hospitals. The clinical effectiveness of a template that contains the information identified in our study warrants investigation.

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Factors influencing access to kidney transplantation: a research protocol of a qualitative study on stakeholders’ perspectives

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e032694

Author(s):

Katja Kloss ◽

Sohal Ismail ◽

Steef Redeker ◽

Lothar van Hoogdalem ◽

Annemarie Luchtenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Second Phase ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Stakeholder Perspectives ◽

Factors Influencing

IntroductionUnequal access to kidney transplantation is suggested, but no systematic inventory exists about factors influencing access to kidney transplantation. There is an absence of any research that has combined stakeholder perspectives along the complete trajectory of transplantation. The present qualitative study explores the contributing factors from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders in this trajectory, including patients, health professionals and health insurance and financial representatives in the Netherlands. Moreover, stakeholders will be invited to suggesting strategies and solutions for handling the facilitating and hindering factors found. By means of interaction, stakeholder groups will arrive at a consensus for new policymaking in the field of a Dutch transplantation care.Methods and analysisThe different stakeholders’ perspectives and possible solutions will be explored by interviewing in three phases. In the first phase, stakeholders’ group perspectives will be explored with individual interviews and focus group interviews without confrontation of views from other perspectives. In the second phase of focus group interviewing, perspectives will be confronted with the other stakeholders’ perspectives assessed. Finally, in the third phase, stakeholders will be invited to focus group discussions for suggesting solutions to overcome barriers and promote facilitators for improving access to transplantation. Approximately, groups from six to twelve participants per focus group and four to maximal six focus groups will be held per stakeholder, depending on the level of saturation, as prescribed by grounded theory. The interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and qualitative data will be analysed according to the principles of grounded theory supported by using NVivo software.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethical Committee of Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, has approved this study. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and major international conferences.

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AI invading the workplace: negative emotions towards the organizational use of personal virtual assistants

Electronic Markets ◽

10.1007/s12525-021-00493-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Hornung ◽

Stefan Smolnik

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Potential Value ◽

Employee Resistance

AbstractPersonal virtual assistants (PVAs) based on artificial intelligence are frequently used in private contexts but have yet to find their way into the workplace. Regardless of their potential value for organizations, the relentless implementation of PVAs at the workplace is likely to run into employee resistance. To understand what motivates such resistance, it is necessary to investigate the primary motivators of human behavior, namely emotions. This paper uncovers emotions related to organizational PVA use, primarily focusing on threat emotions. To achieve our goal, we conducted an in-depth qualitative study, collecting data from 45 employees in focus-group discussions and individual interviews. We identified and categorized emotions according to the framework for classifying emotions Beaudry and Pinsonneault (2010) designed. Our results show that loss emotions, such as dissatisfaction and frustration, as well as deterrence emotions, such as fear and worry, constitute valuable cornerstones for the boundaries of organizational PVA use.

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59. General medicine residents' perception of the mini-CEXs

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v30i4.2820 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

S. Malhotra ◽

R. Hatala ◽

C.-A. Courneya

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Medical Education ◽

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Focus Groups ◽

General Medicine ◽

Clinical History ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Medical Teacher ◽

The Impact

The mini-CEX is a 30 minute observed clinical encounter. It can be done in the outpatient, inpatient or emergency room setting. It strives to look at several parameters including a clinical history, physical, professionalism and overall clinical competence. Trainees are rated using a 9-point scoring system: 1-3 unsatisfactory, 4-6 satisfactory and 7-9 superior. Eight months after the introduction of the mini-CEX to the core University of British Columbia Internal Medicine Residents, a one hour semi-structured focus group for residents in each of the three years took place. The focus groups were conducted by an independent moderator, audio-recorded and transcribed. Using a phenomenological approach the comments made by the focus groups participants were read independently by three authors, organized into major themes. In doing so, several intriguing common patterns were revealed on how General Medicine Residents perceive their experience in completing a mini-CEX. The themes include Education, Assessment and Preparation for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Internal Medicine exam. Resident learners perceived that the mini-CEX process provided insight into their clinical strengths and weaknesses. Focus group participants favored that the mini-CEX experience will benefit them in preparation, and successful completion of their licensing exam. Daelmans HE, Overmeer RM, van der Hem-Stockroos HH, Scherpbier AJ, Stehouwer CD, van der Vleuten CP. In-training assessment: qualitative study of effects on supervision and feedback in an undergraduate clinical rotation. Medical Education 2006; 40(1):51-8. De Lima AA, Henquin R, Thierer J, Paulin J, Lamari S, Belcastro F, Van der Vleuten CPM. A qualitative study of the impact on learning of the mini clinical evaluation exercise in postgraduate training. Medical Teacher January 2005; 27(1):46-52. DiCicco-Bloom B, Crabtree BF. The Qualitative Research Interview. Medical Education 2006; 40:314-32.

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Navigating being a young adult with cerebral palsy: a qualitative study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2020-0039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gitte Normann ◽

Kirsten Arntz Boisen ◽

Peter Uldall ◽

Anne Brødsgaard

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Young Adult ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Educational Background ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Healthcare Needs ◽

New Challenges

AbstractObjectivesYoung adults with cerebral palsy (CP) face potential challenges. The transition to young adulthood is characterized by significant changes in roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, young adults with chronic conditions face a transfer from pediatric care to adult healthcare. This study explores how living with CP affects young adults in general, and specifically which psychosocial, medical and healthcare needs are particularly important during this phase of life.MethodsA qualitative study with data from individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with six young adults with CP (ages 21–31 years) were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. The participants were selected to provide a maximum variation in age, gender, Gross Motor Function Classification System score and educational background. A descriptive thematic analysis was used to explore patterns and identify themes.ResultsThree themes were identified: “Being a Young Adult”, “Development in Physical Disability and New Challenges in Adulthood” and “Navigating the Healthcare System”. The three themes emerged from 15 sub-themes. Our findings emphasized that young adults with CP faced psychosocial challenges in social relationships, participation in education and work settings and striving towards independence. The transition to young adulthood led to a series of new challenges that the young adults were not prepared for. Medical challenges included managing CP-related physical and cognitive symptoms and navigating adult health care services, where new physicians with insufficient knowledge regarding CP were encountered.ConclusionThe young adults with CP were not prepared for the challenges and changes they faced during their transition into adulthood. They felt that they had been abandoned by the healthcare system and lacked a medical home. Better transitional care is urgently needed to prepare them for the challenges in young adulthood.

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Transition from Childcare Institutions to Adulthood for Youth: Through the Lens of Identity and Gender

Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond ◽

10.1177/2349300320980553 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 234930032098055

Author(s):

Garima Sharma

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Social Factor ◽

Smooth Transition ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Youth ◽

Youth Identity ◽

The Social ◽

And Gender

This article explores the transition of youth from childcare institutions as young adults through the lens of youth identity and gender. The research revolves around rethinking the delicate boundaries of adolescence and adulthood for the ‘institutionalised’ youth that is already on the edge of the society. This research tries to understand and decode the experiences of youth, who have lived in the childcare institutions. The childcare institutions reinforce the gender roles through its practices and structure, enabling gaps and challenges for both male and female youth outside the childcare institutions. There is an absence of a strong mechanism, enabling the smooth transition of youth from childcare institutions to adulthood. This results in unprepared young adults for an unplanned transition, fostering several challenges on them as they exit the childcare system. This is a qualitative study. The research includes both male and female youth who have lived in childcare institutions situated in Delhi. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with the youth. This study finds that youth leaving the childcare institutions are at higher risks of having negative adult outcomes in life. While there is an absolute absence of any body or mechanism to help the youth transit smoothly, childcare institutions reinforce the inferiority and exclusion on a child during the stay period, creating a foundation for youth to perceive the social factor outside the institutions.

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