The importance of accurate road data for spatial applications in public health: customizing a road network

Abstract Walkability is a term that describes various aspects of the built and social environment and has been associated with physical activity and public health. Walkability is subjective and although multiple definitions of walkability exist, there is no single agreed upon definition. Road networks are integral parts of mobility and should be an important part of walkability. However, they are missing from existing methods. Most walkability measures only provide area-based scores with low spatial resolution, have a one-size-fits-all approach, and do not consider individuals opinion. Active Living Feature Score (ALF-Score) is a network-based walkability measure that incorporates road network structures as a core component. It also utilizes user opinion to build a high-confidence ground-truth that is used in our machine learning pipeline to generate models capable of estimating walkability. We found combination of network features with road embedding and POI features creates a complimentary feature set enabling us to train our models with an accuracy of over 87% while maintaining a conversion consistency of over 98%. Our proposed approach outperforms existing measures by introducing a novel method to estimate walkability scores that are representative of users opinion with a high spatial resolution, for any point on the map.

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Identifying Complex Junctions in a Road Network

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10010004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Jianting Yang ◽

Kongyang Zhao ◽

Muzi Li ◽

Zhu Xu ◽

Zhilin Li

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Road Network ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Network Data ◽

Map Generalization ◽

Test Results ◽

Geometric Boundary ◽

Road Data ◽

Complex Junction ◽

Topological Boundary

Automated generalization of road network data is of great concern to the map generalization community because of the importance of road data and the difficulty involved. Complex junctions are where roads meet and join in a complicated way and identifying them is a key issue in road network generalization. In addition to their structural complexity, complex junctions don’t have regular geometric boundary and their representation in spatial data is scale-dependent. All these together make them hard to identify. Existing methods use geometric and topological statistics to characterize and identify them, and are thus error-prone, scale-dependent and lack generality. More significantly, they cannot ensure the integrity of complex junctions. This study overcomes the obstacles by clarifying the topological boundary of a complex junction, which provides the basis for straightforward identification of them. Test results show the proposed method can find and isolate complex junctions in a road network with their integrity and is able to handle different road representations. The integral identification achieved can help to guarantee connectivity among roads when simplifying complex junctions, and greatly facilitate the geometric and semantic simplification of them.

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GIS Application for Health Facility Coverage Mapping in Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province

Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning ◽

10.29244/jp2wd.2021.5.3.160-173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 160-173

Author(s):

Arga Geofana

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Facility ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Road Network ◽

Central Government ◽

Public Health Facility ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Central Java ◽

Topographic Condition ◽

Central Java Province

Adequate health facilities have become one of the interesting issues to be discussed since this pandemic situation. Availability and accessibility of health facilities are the vital aspects that should be accomplished by both local and central government. Nevertheless, some population especially those living in rural areas have some difficulties in reaching these facilities due to the inequality condition within regions. This study aims to analyze the coverage of health facilities in Temanggung Regency, Central Java province and cluster its subdistricts according to their condition in accessing these facilities. The analysis is limited to public health facility (PUSKESMAS) and hospital levels. Both statistical and spatial data were processed using the GIS network analysis approach in producing the coverage number of each health facility and they were compared to the applied standard range of service and threshold. Then, a hierarchy is created using the weighted centrality index approach to represent disparities among subdistricts in Temanggung Regency regarding the availability and its coverage to health facilities. The results show that there is an inequality condition on health facilities coverage between central and peripheral areas within this regency, both at the public health facility level and hospital level. Several population in several districts, mostly residing in outer areas, are not covered by both public health facility and hospital. On the other hand, people in the capital and its surrounding subdistricts have better access to these facilities. Several factors are identified in producing this inequality, such as spatial distribution of housing areas, spatial allocation of health facilities, road network, and topographic condition. The topographic condition in some uncovered areas, which is relatively hilly and has steep slope, causes limited access to the road network and less coverage of health facilities.

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Understanding the Walkability Propensity

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering ◽

10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 139-145

Author(s):

Marialisa Nigro ◽

Marco Petrelli ◽

Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė ◽

Daiva Žilionienė

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Economic ◽

Road Network ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Real ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

The Public ◽

The Road ◽

Dead End

Walkability analysis has grown in popularity in recent years: several studies have analysed the public health, economic, environmental, transportation and other benefits of promoting walkability. Different authors in the literature focus on the analysis of walking indicators related to the structure of the road network to explain the walkability of an area. However, extra efforts have to be made to study many other conditions that affect the propensity to walk: not just the shape of the network and the urban topology, but also the security and the attractiveness of the landscape, or specific characteristics of the infrastructure such as the size of the sidewalks, the automobile accommodation values (automobile and motorcycle parking) and the pedestrian route difficulty (slope and over length of the paths, dead-end streets). This paper aims to understand the walkability propensity, investigating explanatory variables related to the concept of the pedestrian path quality at the microscopic level. Several data have been collected in different zones of the Rome City (Italy), utterly dissimilar from the pedestrian point of view. These data have been compared with the real path for pedestrian choices and with other standard walkability measures from literature.

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Tingkat Kualitas Permukiman (Studi Kasus: Permukiman Sekitar Tambang Galian C Kecamatan Weru Kabupaten Sukoharjo)

Region: Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Perencanaan Partisipatif ◽

10.20961/region.v12i1.15922 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Lilik Anjar Setiawan ◽

Winny Astuti ◽

Erma Fitria Rini

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Road Network ◽

Health Improvement ◽

High Quality ◽

Housing Environment ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Medium Quality ◽

Spatial Plan

<em>Settlement is defined as a components combination of housing, environment and life of the societies who live in it. Quality of settlement components can describe how the condition of the settlement itself. Several settlement areas in Weru Subdistrict, Sukoharjo District have a C-type quarry location inside. Based on the Sukoharjo District Spatial Plan, that area is planned as settlement activities. There are other activities that should be supported by the components of the settlements that only planned to accommodate settlement activities. Question in this research is to know the level of settlement quality of each block in settlement area around C-type quarry in Weru Subdistrict seen from (1) nature, (2) shell, (3) infrastucture network, and (4) society. This research is a quantitative research using scoring analysis technique. The result shown that there is difference between each block of settlement. Block 2 has high quality because it has several components with high quality such as buildings, infrastructure network, and the level of public health. The other blocks such as block 1, block 3, block 4, and block 5 have medium quality with several medium quality of components such as green space, road network, economic level and level of public health. Improvement are needed for some components to improve the quality of settlements in each block so that the whole settlements becomes better to lived.</em>

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Justification of Measures to Reduce the Health Risk from Air Pollution by Suspended Particles Less than Ten Micrometers (PM10) on the Urban Road Network

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2019-7-48-51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 48-51

Author(s):

Yu.V. Trofimenko ◽

V.S. Chizhova

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Road Network ◽

Large City ◽

Suspended Particles ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Surface Wear ◽

Urban Road ◽

Tire Wear ◽

Roadside Area

A method for assessing the risk of air pollution by suspended particles smaller than ten micrometers (PM10) on the street road network (SRN) of the large city is presented. It includes an assessment of the intensity of the release and distribution in air of PM10, the sources of which are exhaust gases from vehicles with diesel engines, tire wear, and road surface wear. An assessment is made of the chronic and carcinogenic risk to public health from exposure to PM10 in the air in a roadside area. Substantiated measures to reduce the risk to public health from PM10 air pollution in the SRN.

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Urban morphogenesis analysis based on geohistorical road data

Applied Network Science ◽

10.1007/s41109-021-00440-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanae El Gouj ◽

Christian Rincón-Acosta ◽

Claire Lagesse

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Road Networks ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

The Road ◽

Topological Features ◽

Geometrical Features ◽

Road Data ◽

Historical Periods ◽

Insight Into ◽

Road Segments

AbstractRoad networks result from a subtle balance between geographical coverage and rapid access to strategic points. An understanding of their structure is fundamental when it comes to evaluating and improving territorial accessibility. This study is designed to provide insight into the progressive structuring of territorial patterns by analyzing the evolution of road networks. Studying road network morphogenesis requires geohistorical data, provided here by historical maps from which earlier road networks can be digitized. A hypergraph is constructed from these networks by combining road segments into “ways” on the basis of a method for defining the continuity of road segments. Next, indicators are computed for these ways based on topological and geometrical features. The road patterns of three cities in the Burgundy Franche-Comte region of France (Dijon, Besançon, and Pontarlier) at three historical periods (the 18th, 19th, and twentieth centuries) are then analyzed. In this manner, their topological features and centrality characteristics can be compared from snapshots at different times and places. The innovative method proposed in this paper helps us to read features of the road patterns accurately and to make simple interpretations. It can be applied to any territory for which data is available. The results highlight the underlying structure of the three cities, reveal information about the history and the functioning of the networks, and give preliminary insights into the morphogenesis of those cities. Prospectively this work aims to identify the mechanisms that drive change in road networks. Detecting stability or variation in indicators over time can help in identifying similar behavior, despite geographic and cultural distances, as well as evolution mechanisms linked to specificities of each city. The study of road network morphogenesis can make a major contribution to understanding how road network structure affects accessibility and mobility.

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