Evaluation of the effect of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D on blood sugar, lipids, cholesterol and inflammation markers, and body weight, in patients with diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Regarding the latter, gut microbiota has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T1DM, by affecting intestinal permeability, molecular mimicry, and modulating innate and adaptive immune system, as described in several previous studies. The composition of the gut microbiota is largely influenced by diet. Some observational studies have shown that a low fiber intake is associated with the development of many inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is based on high consumption of cereals (preferably as whole grains), legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, and fish, could play a protective role. Many of the characteristic components of MD have functional characteristics with positive effects on health and well-being. Eating habits are the main significant determinants of the microbial multiplicity of the intestine and the food components influence both microbial populations and their metabolic activities from the early stages of life. Moreover, food metabolites influence the immune response. The intestine is considered the primary site where food metabolites mediate their effects, through epithelial integrity or mucosal immunity. The compromised epithelial integrity allows the translocation of bacteria and/or the diffusion of their products, such as food antigens and lipopolysaccharides, from the intestinal lumen to the tissues, which could enhance the stimulation of immune cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as T1DM. The intake of a high amount of fiber and therefore of prebiotics with MD allows the microbiota to have a good microbial balance. Moreover, as more dietary fibers are ingested, a higher amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is produced by anaerobic gut microbiota, promoting gut homeostasis, to which also contribute tryptophan metabolites and omega-3-fatty acids. Furthermore, the higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3-fatty-acids contribute to a better metabolic control. In this review we report the relationship between gut microbiota and T1DM and we explore the effects of Mediterranean diet on microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy, aimed at preventing or delaying progression of T1DM and its complications.

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Adverse Metabolic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Annals of Internal Medicine ◽

10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-663 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 663 ◽

Cited By ~ 175

Author(s):

HARRY GLAUBER

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Effect ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Insulin Dependent

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Diabetes Mellitus: Gift from the Sea?

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.38.5.539 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 539-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. Axelrod

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Effect of feeding different sources of fat during gestation and lactation on reproduction of beef cows and calf performance

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a05-086 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 235-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. V. Petit ◽

R. Berthiaume

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Fat Supplementation ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Calf Mortality ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Intake

Experiment 1: Over a 2-yr period, a total of 231 Angus crossbred cows were assigned randomly to one of three gestation diets to evaluate the effects of fat sources on birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of calves, calf condition at birth, calf mortality, body weight of cows, gestation length, calving percentage, and the percentages of retained placenta and dystocia. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic supplements were based on whole flaxseed (FLA), calcium salts of palm oil (Megalac®, MEG) or no fat (CON). All cows were fed grass silage (90% of ad libitum intake) until 1 mo before calving. Cows were then fed grass silage for ad libitum intake until they were put on pasture. Cows were offered 600 g of supplement per head per day starting 43 d before the first calving for a period averaging 78 d. Diet had no effect on body weight (BW) of cows at calving. Birth weights of calves were similar among treatments. However, calf mortality percentage at birth was almost four times higher (P = 0.03) for cows fed CON compared with those fed FLA and MEG. More than 90% of cows rejected placenta within 12 h of calving and treatment had no effect. Cows fed FLA and CON tended (P ≤ 0.10) to have higher cumulative pregnancy rates (92.9 and 91.9%, respectively) than those fed MEG (76.7%). Experiment 2: From 2000 Jan. 19 to 2000 Sep. 05, 41 heifers received 600 g per head per day of one of the three supplements used in exp. 1 to determine the effect of fat supplementation during pregnancy and breeding. Diet had no effect on calf birth weight, but contrasts indicated that heifers fed MEG tended (P = 0.09) to have a lower pregnancy rate than those fed CON. These data suggest that cows and heifers fed grass silage and/or on pasture would not be deficient in omega 3 fatty acids, thus would not benefit from a supplement rich in omega 3 fatty acids such as flaxseed. However, fat supplementation contributed to lower calf mortality at birth in cows, but not in heifers. Key words: Beef, flaxseed, reproduction, fatty acids

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Decrease Plasma T-tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab049_037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 924-924

Author(s):

Angus Scrimgeour ◽

Michelle Condlin ◽

Andrei Loban ◽

James DeMar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Post Injury ◽

Voluntary Running ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

T Tau

Abstract Objectives Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in neuronal, axonal and glial damage. Interventions targeting neuroinflammation to enhance recovery from TBI are needed. Exercise is known to improve cognitive function in TBI patients. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D reportedly reduce inflammation, and in combination, might improve TBI outcomes. This study examined how an anti-inflammatory diet affected plasma TBI biomarkers, voluntary exercise and behavior following exposure to mild TBI (mTBI). Methods Adult, male rats were individually housed in cages fitted with voluntary running wheels and daily running distance was recorded during the study. A modified weight drop method induced mTBI, and during 30 days post-injury, rats were fed diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 (AIDM diet), or non-supplemented AIN-76A diets (CON diet). Behavioral tests were periodically conducted to assess functional deficits. Plasma levels of Total tau (T-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and neurofilament light chain (NF-L) were measured at 48 h, 14 d and 30 d post-injury. Fatty acid composition of food, plasma and brain tissues was determined. Results In rats exposed to mTBI, NF-L levels were significantly elevated at 48 h post-injury (P < 0.005), and decreased to levels seen in uninjured rats by 14 d post-injury. T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 plasma levels did not change at 48 h or 14 d post-injury. However, at 30 d post-injury, T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 all significantly increased in rats exposed to mTBI and fed CON diets (P < 0.005), but not in rats fed AIDM diets. Behavioral tests conducted post-injury showed that exercise counteracted cognitive deficits associated with mTBI. The AIDM diets significantly increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in plasma and brain tissue (P < 0.05), and in serum levels of vitamin D (P < 0.05). Conclusions The anti-inflammatory diet significantly altered the temporal profiles of plasma T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 following mTBI. Voluntary running exercise protected against mTBI-induced cognitive deficits, but had no impact on plasma levels of neurotrauma biomarkers. Thus the prophylactic effect of exercise, when combined with an anti-inflammatory diet, may facilitate recovery in patients with mTBI. Funding Sources U.S. Army MRDC.

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ANTICOID PRODUCTS FROM AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Fisheries ◽

10.37663/0131-6184-2021-2-4-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Elena Kharenko ◽

Anna Sopina

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Innate Immunity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Human Body ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

State Of Health ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Inflammatory Processes

The formation of collective immunity, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is directly related to the state of health of each member of the community, therefore, taking care of the health of citizens becomes one of the priority tasks of any state. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D, essentially being a hormone D, strengthens the innate immunity associated with the exchange of zinc in the human body, which, in turn, affects the replication of viruses and accel-erates their excretion. Omega-3 fatty acids have a wide spectrum of biological activity, includ-ing in the treatment of inflammatory processes of various etiologies.

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Intramuscular fatty acid composition of steers finished on oat pastures mixture with vetch or cornmeal supplementation

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Talita Cristina Taffarel ◽

Luís Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽

Fernando Kuss ◽

Wagner Paris ◽

José Laerte Nörnberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Corn Meal ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Lower Ratio

ABSTRACT: The effects of energetic supplementation and mixture vetch (Vica sativa L.) were studied to evaluate the intramuscular fatty acid profile of steers finished on oat (Avena sativa L.) pastures. Eighteen 21-month-old crossbred steers were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in three treatments and six repetitions: oat pasture (OA), oat pasture + vetch (OA + VET), and oat pasture + supplementation (OA + SUP). Supplementation comprised the addition of corn meal at a daily dose of 1% of the animals’ body weight. Steers receiving supplementation had higher lipid content in Longissimus lumborum than did those fed with OA + VET (1.25 vs 1.02%), whereas those fed with OA (1.15%) showed intermediate values. Conjugated linoleic acid levels were higher in steers fed OA (0.57%) and OA + SUP (0.59%), whereas the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids was observed in animals fed OA + VET (3.32%). Pasture-finishing without supplementation resulted in a lower ratio of n-6:n-3 (3.14). Steers finished in oat mixture with vetch showed healthier intramuscular fat than did those finished with cornmeal supplementation; importantly, the higher the amount of PUFAs, the better n-6:n-3 ratio.

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Guidelines for the pre-conception period

10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0036 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Sir Peter Gluckman ◽

Mark Hanson ◽

Chong Yap Seng ◽

Anne Bardsley

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Nutritional Requirements ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Oily Fish ◽

Inadequate Nutrition

Where possible, pre-conception counselling is desirable for both prospective parents in order to address issues of lifestyle and nutrition so that pregnancy can proceed with the best possible start. If dieting is necessary this should be initiated as far in advance of the pregnancy as possible, because inadequate nutrition around the time of conception can influence the fetal growth trajectory and weight at birth. Regardless of BMI, women should also be encouraged to engage in regular aerobic exercise. Nutritional requirements in the pre-conception period include adequate amounts of oily fish to provide omega-3 fatty acids. All women planning a pregnancy should receive 400 #amp;#x00B5;g of folic acid daily, and vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary, particular for vegetarians. Other vitamins and minerals should be considered, particularly iron and iodine, but most should be obtainable from a balanced diet. Harmful behaviours and environmental exposures should be avoided.

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Effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer: a study protocol for a double blind randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-019-3719-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatemeh Haidari ◽

Behnaz Abiri ◽

Masood Iravani ◽

Seyed-Mohsen Razavi ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Tumor Marker ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Double Blind ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

Abstract Background Much evidence is available demonstrating that both vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids block the development and progression of colonic carcinogenesis. The results of animal studies have shown that the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can decrease inflammatory biomarkers, enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, and decrease the side effects of chemotherapy or cancer. Also, observational studies propose that higher levels of 25(OH)D are related to improved survival of colorectal cancer patients. This study will aim to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients. Methods/design We will carry out an 8-week double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in patients with stage ӀӀ or ӀӀӀ colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Discussion Because of the important effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression, it seems that both vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids may provide a new adjuvant therapy by decreasing inflammatory biomarkers and resistance to cancer treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20180306038979N1. Registered on 16 March 2018.

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