Determination of nasal carriage and skin colonization, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis in Szczecin, Poland

Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most frequent chronic and inflammatory skin condition. AD is characterized by damaged epidermal barrier, xerosis and pruritus of eczematous skin lesions which tend to flare. The duration and frequency of exacerbation of AD symptoms markedly affects the quality of patient life. AD results from the interplay between host genetics, immunity, and environmental factors, however the detailed pathogenesis of this disease is still not entirely cleared. Furthermore, disturbances of the skin microbiota and skin functional impairment predispose to secondary skin infections. Staphylococcus aureus colonizes skin and mucous membranes of 20 to 80% of healthy individuals and of 90% of patients with AD in whom this bacterium is accounted as an important AD exacerbating factor. It is also proven, that S. aureus nasal carriage significantly increases the risk for self-transmission and endogenous infection. In the current study the presence of S. aureus either in nasal vestibule and on lesioned skin of 64 patients with AD enrolled in 10-year autovaccination program was determined. The genetic relatedness of 86 S. aureus isolated from patients nose and skin using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility of all strains to methicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, mupirocin, gentamicin, amikacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole was also evaluated. Results In total 23 PFGE genotypes and 24 unique patterns were distinguished. 34 patients were S. aureus nasal carriers. Simultaneous presence of S. aureus in nose and on affected skin was found in 16 carriers colonized by indistinguishable or potentially related S. aureus vs 2 carriers colonized with non-related S. aureus in nasal vestibule and on skin. 4 isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) among which 3 showed constitutive MLSB resistance phenotype and remaining one was resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. In 4 isolates inducible MLSB resistance phenotype was found, one of them was additionally resistant to tetracycline. 7 S. aureus were mupirocin resistant among them 3 - isolated from one patient, were resistant simultaneously to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. 7 strains demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol and susceptibility to all tested antimicrobial agents. The susceptibility to gentamicin, amikacin and cotrimoxazole among all examined S. aureus was confirmed. Conclusion The obtained results indicated non-clonal structure of S. aureus circulating in AD patients. PFGE results showed the clonal-structure of vast majority of S. aureus isolated from nose and skin from nasal carriers what may prove the autoinfection in these patients. All examined patients the moderate or strong severity of AD was reported. Susceptibility to most antibiotics among isolated strains was also observed.

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Change in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Skin-Colonizing Staphylococcus aureus in Korean Patients with Atopic Dermatitis during Ten-Year Period

Annals of Dermatology ◽

10.5021/ad.2016.28.4.470 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 470 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jung-Min Park ◽

Ju-Hyun Jo ◽

Hyunju Jin ◽

Hyun-Chang Ko ◽

Moon-Bum Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Korean Patients

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The Frequency of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Gene Polymorphism in Egypt

International Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1155/2014/680983 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hend M. Abdulghany ◽

Rasha M. Khairy

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Rflp Typing

The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. A total of 400 specimens were collected from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, between March 2012 and April 2013. Fifty-eight strains (14.5%) were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods as MRSA. The identified isolates were tested by Coagulase gene RFLP typing. Out of 58 MRSA isolates 15 coa types were classified, and the amplification products showed multiple bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 bands). Coagulase gene PCR-RFLPs exhibited 10 patterns that ranged from 1 to 8 fragments with AluI digestion. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with a panel of 8 antimicrobial agents showed 6 different antibiotypes. Antibiotype 1 was the most common phenotype with 82.7%. The results have demonstrated that many new variants of the coa gene are present in Minia, Egypt, different from those reported in the previous studies. So surveillance of MRSA should be continued.

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Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15742/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nadira Mourabit ◽

Abdelhay Arakrak ◽

Mohammed Bakkali ◽

Zeineb Zian ◽

Joaira Bakkach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

High Rate ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc , mec A, mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates.Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

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Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in livestock in North of Morocco

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15742/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nadira Mourabit ◽

Abdelhay Arakrak ◽

Mohammed Bakkali ◽

Zeineb Zian ◽

Joaira Bakkach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Close Contact ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

High Rate ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background : In Morocco, data of LA-MRSA nasal carriage are still limited. The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. Methods : From 2015 to 2016, 480 nasal swab samples were collected from 27 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2016. The presence of nuc , mec A and his homologue mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results : The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR = 14.321; 95% CI = 7.484- 27.405; p< 0.0001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the higher resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been found only in animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively). Conclusion : Despite the lower colonization rate of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention. Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , nasal carriage, animals, breeders, MRSA, Morocco

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Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Thailand: A follow-up study

Journal of Infection and Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.jiph.2013.12.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 205-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Arucha Treesirichod ◽

Sumalee Hantagool ◽

Olarn Prommalikit

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Students ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Medical Center ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Follow Up Study

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Skin and Nasal Colonization with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

10.51429/ejmm30105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Tamer Mohamed ◽

Izzedin Abushaikha

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Nasal Colonization ◽

Dermatology Clinic ◽

Vitek 2 ◽

Mrsa Colonization

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial etiologies, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and methicillinresistant S.aureus (MRSA) that naturally colonize skin and nose are prevalent among children with AD. Objectives: was to determine the prevalence of S.aureus and MRSA colonization of skin lesions and nose of AD children. Methodology: 40 children diagnosed as AD from Dermatology Clinic of Najran Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia, were included in the study; separate swabs from skin lesions & nose of each AD patient were tested for S.aureus and MRSA colonization using the conventional culture based Vitek 2 system and the molecular BD Max MRSA XT assay. Results: Using the conventional Vitek 2 system, the prevalence of skin and nasal colonization with S.aureus in AD patients were 25% and 30% respectively while skin and nasal colonization with MRSA were 7.5% and 7.5% respectively, the BD Max MRSA XT assay identified correctly S.aureus with overall 96 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity and 98 % diagnostic accuracy and identified 100 % of MRSA strains. Conclusion: The increase in prevalence of skin and nasal colonization with S.aureus and MRSA among AD children raises the concern about importance of the accurate and rapid molecular diagnostic techniques for preventing the potential risk of MRSA transmission

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Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Raw Chicken Meat

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-309 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 528-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

SUIXIA LI ◽

PANPAN WANG ◽

JIALIN ZHAO ◽

LUHONG ZHOU ◽

PENGFEI ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Potential Health ◽

Toxin Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Potential Health Hazard

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the toxin gene profile and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw chicken in the People's Republic of China. In total, 289 S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin were revealed by PCR. Overall, 46.0% of the isolates were positive for one or more toxin genes. A high proportion of toxin genes were pvl (26.6%), followed by sej (12.5%), sea (9.0%), seh (8.3%), seb (6.9%), sec (6.9%), sed (4.8%), sei (3.1%), and see (2.4%). None of the isolates harbored seg, tsst-1, or exfoliative toxin genes. In total, 29 toxin gene profiles were obtained, and pvl (10.7%) was the most frequent genotype, followed by sea (5.9%), seb (4.8%), and sej (4.2%). Furthermore, 99.7% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents, and 87.2% of them displayed multidrug resistance. Resistance was most frequently observed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin (86.2% for each), followed by tetracycline (69.9%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (45.0%), and ampicillin (42.6%). None of the strains were resistant to vancomycin. This study indicates that S. aureus isolates from raw chicken harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance, which represents a potential health hazard for consumers.

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Clumping Factor B Promotes Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to Corneocytes in Atopic Dermatitis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00994-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Orla M. Fleury ◽

Maeve A. McAleer ◽

Cécile Feuillie ◽

Cécile Formosa-Dague ◽

Emily Sansevere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Binding Activity ◽

Clinical Strain ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Content Type ◽

Force Microscopy

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus skin infection is a frequent and recurrent problem in children with the common inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). S. aureus colonizes the skin of the majority of children with AD and exacerbates the disease. The first step during colonization and infection is bacterial adhesion to the cornified envelope of corneocytes in the outer layer, the stratum corneum. Corneocytes from AD skin are structurally different from corneocytes from normal healthy skin. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial proteins that promote the adherence of S. aureus to AD corneocytes. S. aureus strains from clonal complexes 1 and 8 were more frequently isolated from infected AD skin than from the nasal cavity of healthy children. AD strains had increased ClfB ligand binding activity compared to normal nasal carriage strains. Adherence of single S. aureus bacteria to corneocytes from AD patients ex vivo was studied using atomic force microscopy. Bacteria expressing ClfB recognized ligands distributed over the entire corneocyte surface. The ability of an isogenic ClfB-deficient mutant to adhere to AD corneocytes compared to that of its parent clonal complex 1 clinical strain was greatly reduced. ClfB from clonal complex 1 strains had a slightly higher binding affinity for its ligand than ClfB from strains from other clonal complexes. Our results provide new insights into the first step in the establishment of S. aureus colonization in AD patients. ClfB is a key adhesion molecule for the interaction of S. aureus with AD corneocytes and represents a target for intervention.

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