scholarly journals The effects of L-carnitine on renal function and gene expression of caspase-9 and Bcl-2 in monosodium glutamate‐induced rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Koohpeyma ◽  
Morvarid Siri ◽  
Shaghayegh Allahyari ◽  
Marzieh Mahmoodi ◽  
Forough Saki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Genes Expression

Abstract Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is frequently consumed as a flavor enhancer or food additive. Possible damages induced by MSG effects on some organs have been stated in experimental animal models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of L-carnitine (L-ca) on the renal tissue in MSG-Induced Rats. Methods In this regard, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10/each): 1 (Control); 2 (sham); 3 (L-carnitine 200 mg/kg b.w); 4 (MSG 3 g/kg b.w); 5 (MSG + L-carnitine 100 mg/kg); and 6 (MSG + L-carnitine 200 mg/kg). After 6 months, the rats were sacrificed, the blood sample collected and the kidneys harvested for evaluation of biochemical analytes, genes expression, and histopathological changes. Results MSG significantly increased the serum level of MDA, BUN, creatinine, uric acid and renal Caspase-9, NGAL and KIM-1 expression, but it decreased the serum activity also renal expression of SOD, catalase, GPX, and Bcl-2 expression compared to the control group. Treatment with L-ca significantly reduced the serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid and MDA level and increased catalase, GPX and SOD compared to the MSG group. However, only administration of L-ca 200 significantly decreased the caspase-9, NGAL and KIM-1; also, it increased the Bcl-2 expression in the kidney compared to the MSG group. Conclusions Our findings indicated that L-carnitine had a major impact on the cell protection and might be an effective therapy in ameliorating the complications of the kidney induced by MSG via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract Cyperus rotundus Tubers as Antioxidant on Liver and Kidney Functions in Albino Males Rats Exposed to Cadmium Chloride Toxic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0315
Author(s):  
Aldulaimi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

          The experiment was conducted in two stages: first stage: determination of the most effective dose of Cyperus rotundus tubers aquatic extract in male rats for 5 days, which was concentrated as (200 mg/kg body weight). The second stage was designed to observe and test the protective effects of C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract in the liver and kidney functions of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride poisoning (5 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The animals were divided into (4) groups within each group (5) animals weighted (200-220g). The results of oral dose of cadmium chloride showed a significant increase of (P˂0.05) in the activity of both enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the values ​​of total protein, albumin, globulin and glutathione (GSH) compared with the control group. The oral dosage of the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract resulted in a significant increase in GSH. The values ​​of each were not significantly different ALT, AST, ALP, Glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, MDA and peroxy nitrite Compare with control group. The results of the oral dosage with (C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract + cadmium chloride) showed a positive effect on these values ​​compared with the control group and cadmium chloride. It is concluded that the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract has protective effects and reduces the effects that cadmium chloride can cause in rats liver and kidney functions through its antioxidant activity and removal of free radicals.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract Cyperus rotundus Tubers as Antioxidant on Liver and Kidney Functions in Albino Males Rats Exposed to Cadmium Chloride Toxic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0315
Author(s):  
Aldulaimi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

          The experiment was conducted in two stages: first stage: determination of the most effective dose of Cyperus rotundus tubers aquatic extract in male rats for 5 days, which was concentrated as (200 mg/kg body weight). The second stage was designed to observe and test the protective effects of C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract in the liver and kidney functions of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride poisoning (5 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The animals were divided into (4) groups within each group (5) animals weighted (200-220g). The results of oral dose of cadmium chloride showed a significant increase of (P˂0.05) in the activity of both enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the values ​​of total protein, albumin, globulin and glutathione (GSH) compared with the control group. The oral dosage of the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract resulted in a significant increase in GSH. The values ​​of each were not significantly different ALT, AST, ALP, Glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, MDA and peroxy nitrite Compare with control group. The results of the oral dosage with (C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract + cadmium chloride) showed a positive effect on these values ​​compared with the control group and cadmium chloride. It is concluded that the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract has protective effects and reduces the effects that cadmium chloride can cause in rats liver and kidney functions through its antioxidant activity and removal of free radicals.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitroglycerine on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats

Drug Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 612-620
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Saeed Hajihashemi ◽  
Ali Rahbari ◽  
Fatemeh Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract Background Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) leads to acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study investigated the effects of nitroglycerine (NG) on improving renal dysfunctions caused by I-R in rats. Methodology Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups: (1) the control group, (2) the sham group, (3) the I-R group, and (4) NG-treated groups.NG (50 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally after induction of IR. I-R was induced through clamping of the bilateral renal artery and vein of both kidneys for 20 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Results NG significantly increased the creatinine clearance levels and renal blood flow rate (which was reduced by I-R). NG also significantly improved serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) that were disordered by I-R. In addition, NG significantly offset impaired antioxidant defense mechanism and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Conclusions The results show NG has a protective effect on renal tissue against AKI caused by I-R. These protective effects mediated through antioxidant activity and decrease of lipid peroxidation.

Effect of Curculigo orchioides on Reflux Esophagitis by Suppressing Proinflammatory Cytokines

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 1241-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Kang Ku ◽  
Jae-Soo Kim ◽  
Young-Bae Seo ◽  
Yong-Ung Kim ◽  
Seung-Lark Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Curculigo Orchioides ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Tnf Α

This study was performed to investigate effects of Curculigo orchioides rhizome (curculiginis rhizome) on acute reflux esophigitis (RE) in rats that are induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Proinflammatory cytokine, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were all assayed and the expression of TNF-α and COX2 analyzed by RT-PCR. The esophagic tissue damage of reflux esophagitis rat was increased compared to that of normal intact group. However, the esophagic damage percentage from the extract of curculiginis rhizoma (ECR) 600 mg/kg and ECR 300 mg/kg were significantly lower than that of the RE control group. Administration of α-tocopherol (30 mg/kg) and ECR (600 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) had a significant effect on the gastric acid pH in rats with induced reflux esophagitis (p < 0.05). The treatment with ECR significantly reduced the production of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared to the model group (p < 0.05). The expression of TNF-α and COX2 in the intact esophageal mucosa was low while those of the RE control group were significantly higher due to an inflammatory reaction in the esophagus. Compare to the model group, treatment with α-tocopherol or ECR significantly inhibited the expression levels of COX2 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory and protective effects of ECR could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent esophageal mucosal damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on blood uric acid, hemoglobin and kidney histo-texture of mice treated with acetaminophen

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.` Zeenat ◽  
S. Sharmin ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
K. M. Sujan ◽  
M. I. Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group

Background: Acetaminophen is a medication used to treat pain and fever. It is typically used for mild to moderate pain relief. Spirulina is a biomass of cyanobacteria that cultivated worldwide and used as a dietary supplement or whole food. It is also used as a feed supplement in the aquaculture, aquarium, and poultry industries. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of Spirulina on blood and kidney in mice. Methods: Twenty Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups’ viz., A, B, C, and D. Group A was kept as control and fed only normal diet. Group B was supplemented with acetaminophen where as group C was supplemented with acetaminophen and Spirulina, and group D was treated with Spirulina. Results: The application of acetaminophen did not have significant effect on hemoglobin and uric acid content. But the addition of Spirulina to the diet increased significantly (P<0.05) hemoglobin and uric acid level. Histopathological examination revealed that no significant changes were found in the kidney of all of treated groups in comparison with the mice of control group. Conclusions: The research work suggests that long-term ingestion of acetaminophen does not exert a significant change in hemoglobin or uric acid level but spirulina supplemented diet may be associated with the rise in hemoglobin and uric acid level without affecting renal tissue texture in a significant manner.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus increased integrins gene expression in rat endometrium at the time of embryo implantation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Bakhteyari ◽  
Yasaman Zarrin ◽  
Parvaneh Nikpour ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Hosseiny ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Hosseiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle

Background: Diabetes mellitus deeply changes the genes expression of integrin (Itg) subunits in several cells and tissues such as monocytes, arterial endothelium, kidney glomerular cells, retina. Furthermore, hyperglycemia could impress and reduce the rate of successful assisted as well as non-assisted pregnancy. Endometrium undergoes thorough changes in normal menstrual cycle and the question is: What happens in the endometrium under diabetic condition? Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the endometrial gene expression of α3, α4, αv, Itg β1 and β3 subunits in diabetic rat models at the time of embryo implantation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, diabetic group, pioglitazone-treated group, and metformin-treated group. Real-time PCR was performed to determine changes in the expression of Itg α3, α4, αv, β1, and β3 genes in rat’s endometrium. Results: The expression of all Itg subunits increased significantly in diabetic rats’ endometrium compared with control group. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced the level of Itg subunits gene expression compared with diabetic rats. While metformin had a different effect on α3 and α4 and elevated these two subunits gene expression. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly increased the expression of studied Itg subunits, therefore untreated diabetes could be potentially assumed as one of the preliminary elements in embryo implantation failure.

Protective effect of vanillin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative brain injury in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Makni ◽  
Yassine Chtourou ◽  
Mohamed Barkallah ◽  
Hamadi Fetoui
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Oxidative Brain Injury

This study investigated the protective effects of vanillin against acute brain damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The study was performed on 32 male rats divided into four groups: a control group, vanillin group ([Va] 150 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and CCl4 toxication groups received a single injection of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, i.p.; CCl4 and Va + CCl4 groups). The degree of protection in brain tissue was evaluated by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide (NO). Vanillin showed a significant brain-protective effect by decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation and NO2 and elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and level of GSH. Consequently vanillin blocked oxidative brain damage induced by CCl4 in rats.

Construction of Hyperuricemia Model Rats with Yeast Extract Combined with Oteracil Potassium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilidaer Xilifu ◽  
Alimu Kateer ◽  
Nijiati Rehemu ◽  
Zhao-yong Li ◽  
jie Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optimal Dosage

Abstract Background: Hyperuricemia is the most important risk factor for gout, hypertension, coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases. The incidence of hyperuricemia gradually increased in recent years and it is very necessary to explore the medications of the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia using hyperuricemia animal models. Objective: The objective of present study is to explore the optimal dose of yeast extract and oteracil potassium in the establishment of hyperuricemia rat model. Method: Sixty-four male rats were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups. Rats were treated with yeast extract by intraperitoneal injection or yeast extract by intraperitoneal injection combined with various doses of oteracil potassium by intragastric feeding or intraperitoneal injection for 28 days. The serum uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels of different groups were measured at 0th day, 7th day, 14th day, 21th day and 28th day. Results: The serum levels of uric acid in the groups of intraperitoneal injection with yeast extract alone, yeast extract by intraperitoneal injection combined with 50-200 mg/kg oteracil potassium by intragastric feeding and yeast extract by intraperitoneal injection combined with 50-100 mg/kg oteracil potassium by intraperitoneal injection were higher than that in the control group. But we found no significant effect on rat kidney, heart or artery in the above groups. In the group of yeast extract by intraperitoneal injection combined with 200 mg/kg oteracil potassium by intraperitoneal injection, we observed the significantly high level of serum uric acid and morphological and pathological changes in rat kidney, heart and artery. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that continuously treated with yeast extract combined with oteracil potassium is an effective method to establish rat hyperuricemia model. Intraperitoneal injection of yeast extract combined with 200 mg/kg oteracil potassium is an optimal dosage for the construction of a persistent and stable hyperuricemia animal model.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Resveratrol against Chronic Immobilization Stress on Testis

ISRN Urology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsah Bitgul ◽  
Isil Tekmen ◽  
Didem Keles ◽  
Gulgun Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stress Application ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effects of resveratrol, a strong antioxidant, against possible negative effects of chronic immobilization stress on testes of male rats histochemically, immunohistochemically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically. Material and Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7). Group I, control group (C), was not exposed to stress. Group II, stress group (S), was exposed to chronic immobilization stress. In Group III, low dose resveratrol + stress group (LRS), rats were given 10 mg/kg/day resveratrol just before the stress application. In Group IV, high dose resveratrol + stress group (HRS), rats were given 20 mg/kg/day resveratrol just before the stress application. For chronic immobilization stress application animals were put in the plastic tubes (6 cm in diameter, 15 cm in length) during 32 days for 6 hours. All animals were sacrificed 18 hours after the last stress application. Results. Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations showed that in stress group there was germ cell deprivation in seminiferous tubules and increase of connective tissue on interstitial area. No significant changes were seen in low and high dose resveratrol groups. After immunohistochemical investigations, TUNEL (+) and Active Caspase-3 (+) cells were increased in seminiferous tubules of stress group compared with those control group, but they were decreased in low and high dose resveratrol groups. According to biochemically results, MDA, GSH, and testosterone levels in stress group showed no significant difference when compared with those of the other groups. Conclusion. The chronic immobilization stress increases oxidative stress and apoptosis and causes histological tissue damages; resveratrol can minimize the histological damage in testes significantly.

scholarly journals Roles of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract in Improving the Impact of High Dietary Intake of Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Liver Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity, DNA Damage, and PCNA Alterations in Male Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarfa Albrahim ◽  
Manal Abdulaziz Binobead
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
The Impact

It is common for food to be made more palatable through the use of the flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate, also known as vetsin powder. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to explore how vetsin-induced hepatic toxicity, DNA fragmentation, damage, and oxidative stress modifications could be mitigated with moringa leaf extract (MLE). To that end, 40 male rats were separated into four groups: normal control, positive control or MLE, vetsin, and vetsin combined with MLE. Results indicated that, compared to the control group, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), liver malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, injury, PCNA, and P53 expressions were significantly enhanced by the administration of vetsin (P<0.05). However, the vetsin group had significantly reduced levels of albumin, globulin, total protein, liver glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities (P<0.05) by comparison to control. Meanwhile, modifications in liver functions, oxidative stress, DNA damage, liver injury, and PCNA expression were alleviated when vetsin was administered alongside MLE. The authors conclude that vetsin may have many side effects and that MLE can ameliorate biochemical changes, oxidative stress, hepatic injury, PCNA, and P53 alterations induced by vetsin administration.

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