Current pattern of ocular trauma as seen in tertiary institutions in south-eastern Nigeria

Abstract Background Ocular trauma is a leading cause of monocular blindness worldwide and in developing countries, are not only more common but also more severe. Industrialization and urbanization may alter or modify prevalent aetiological factors and the presentation of ocular trauma. Objective To determine the current pattern of eye injuries in Teaching Hospitals in Enugu State. Methods This prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the eye clinics and emergency units of two tertiary institutions in Enugu, Nigeria. Consecutive ocular trauma patients were enrolled over a 5-month period. On presentation, they underwent ocular examination including visual acuity (which was categorized according to the WHO classification of visual impairment and blindness}, anterior and posterior segment examinations. Injuries were grouped using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system. Results Within the study period, 2545 new patients presented to the hospitals where the study was conducted. A total of 89 patients presented with ocular trauma, giving an incidence of 3.5%. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and patients aged 10 to 19 years formed the majority (24%). Domestic accidents (22%) were the most common cause of ocular injuries while blunt objects (57%) were the most common agents. Closed globe injuries constituted 76% of all injuries. Forty-three per cent of patients presented within 24 h of injury. Conclusion Ocular trauma is still prevalent in South-eastern Nigeria and there has indeed been a change in the pattern as well as the incidence. Assault and road traffic accidents have emerged as important causes of eye injuries. In addition, there has been an improvement in the health-seeking behaviour of people living in Enugu and this may reflect positively on the uptake of recommended preventive strategies.

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Domestic Ocular Injuries: A Case Series

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210701700427 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 654-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Reza Mansouri ◽

A. Mirshahi ◽

M. Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Emergency Room ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Case Series ◽

High Rate ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Eye Injury ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Severe Visual Loss ◽

Eye Trauma

Purpose To determine the nature and types of domestic eye injuries. Methods The authors prospectively analyzed data of 100 consecutive patients with domestic eye injury (104 eyes) referred to the emergency room of Farabi Hospital during October 2003. Standardized international classification of ocular trauma (Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology) was used for eye injury classification. Results Domestic ocular trauma represented 4.85% of all ocular emergencies (2061 patients) referred to the emergency room during that period. Male to female ratio was 1.13 and mean age of patients was 26±18 years (range, 1–73). Cornea was involved in 50.0% and sclera, lens, and retina each was involved in 4.8%. There was severe visual loss (best-corrected distance visual acuity <20/200 due to trauma) in 4% of the patients. The most frequent domestic ocular injury was globe injury (93.7%) including mechanical (72.1% closed and 4.8% open), chemical (14.4%), and thermal (1.9%) injuries. Conclusions Closed mechanical injuries were the most common type of domestic ocular injury in our series. Considering the high rate of domestic eye trauma among ocular emergency cases, more preventive measures should be taken at home.

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Analysis of forensic autopsies in year 2018 at forensic medicine department, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.10.4432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 2199-2202

Author(s):

Muhammad Qasim ◽

Muhammad Sharjeel Khalid ◽

Muhammad Danyal Amjad ◽

Mobin Inam Pal

Keyword(s):

Forensic Medicine ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Gender Based ◽

Medical University

Objectives: The study was aimed to audit autopsies in the year 2018 and promoting statistical approach in Forensic Medicine. Also to study the gender based distribution of cases and study shifting trends in weapon of offence. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Post Mortem Unit of the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Period: From 1st January, 2018 to 31st December, 2018. Material & Methods: Autopsy was performed on 248 cases reported to Post Mortem Unit. Study Material was collected from the Post Mortem Unit of Allied Hospital and DHQ Hospital Faisalabad which are referral tertiary care teaching hospitals affiliated with Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Results: Out of a total 248 autopsies conducted 178 (71.77%) were males and 70 (28.23%) were females. The male to female ratio was 2.54:1. Most used weapon of offence was Firearm. Followed by firearm the second major cause of death was road traffic accidents which were followed by Asphyxia (12.9% of total autopsies). Conclusion: Ban on illegal possession of Firearms - educational lectures to Public and steps to raise the literacy rate along with the improvement of socioeconomic status of the society. Preventive-strategy to create an awareness of safe traveling practices especially among the groups at high risk.

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A prospective study of chest injuries and associated complications with special reference to surgical emphysema

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180482 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 873

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Dangi ◽

Naresh Meena ◽

Ashok Parmar

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Trauma ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Flail Chest ◽

Pulmonary Contusion ◽

Long Bone ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Thoracic Injuries ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Surgical Emphysema

Background: Chest trauma (or thoracic trauma) is a serious injury of the chest. Thoracic injuries may present extremely dramatic clinical problem that demand rapid diagnosis, decision making and aggressive management. Thoracic injuries can range from simple single rib fracture to major thoracic vessel injury and pulmonary contusion.Objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of thoracic trauma patients, and to evaluate their relationship in the development of complications with special emphasis to surgical emphysema.Methods: Descriptive, prospective and analytical study of a cohort of patients with thoracic trauma who were followed up for a period of 30 days. Excluded from the study were those patients with moderate to severe cranio-encephalic trauma, long bone fractures, abdominal trauma, and patients who required mechanical ventilation.Results: A total of 102 patients met the inclusion criteria out of which 90(88.23%)patients were male and 12(11.77%) female with male to female ratio of 7.5:1. Patients having surgical emphysema were all male 21(21.56%). Most common mode of the injury seen was road traffic accidents in 80 (80.95%) patients, followed by assault in 9(9.52%) patients, bull horn injury and fall from height in 4(4.76%) patients. Other chest injury which was most commonly associated with surgical emphysema was haemothorax in 11(52.38%) patients, followed by pneumothorax in 7(33.33%) patients, pulmonary contusion in 6(28.57%) patients and flail chest in 3(14.26%) patients. The risk of complications increases significantly in patients with more than 2 rib fractures, in older patients and in the presence of some comorbidities such as COPD and pathologies that require anticoagulation. The risk of re-admittance is greater in patients older than 60 years.Conclusions: Patients with thoracic trauma who present with co-morbidities, are older than 60 years and have more than 2 ribs fractures may present with more complications. These factors should be contemplated in the evaluation, management and follow-up of these subjects.

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A 5 year retrospective study on epidemiological pattern of ocular trauma

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2785

Author(s):

Angli Manhas ◽

Rameshwar S. Manhas ◽

Gaurav S. Manhas ◽

Rishabh Sharma ◽

Dinesh Gupta

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Common Cause ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Epidemiological Pattern

Background: One of the delicate structure in the human body is eye and trauma to the eye is essentially a very grave matter. Major cause of preventable monocular blindness and visual impairment in the world is ocular trauma. So any injury to the eye must be deemed to be an ocular emergency and should be handled with utmost care. Despite its public health importance, there is relatively less population based data on the magnitude and risk factors for ocular trauma specially from developing countries. The objective of the study was to find out the epidemiological pattern of ocular trauma.Methods: The present study was 5 year retrospective study of all the patients who reported directly with ocular injury or referred from the casualty to the department of ophthalmology from January 2013 to January 2018. Various parameters like age, sex, mode of injury, type of injury etc. of all patients seen during this period were analyzed.Results: Total of 4192 ocular trauma patients were seen during study period. Maximum number of ocular trauma patients i.e. 1146 were seen in age group of 21-30 years. Males i.e. 3490 outnumbered females in the present study. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of ocular trauma and accounts for 1760 cases. Most common reported ocular trauma was periorbital oedema/ecchymosis followed by laceration. Surgical intervention was done in 1660 cases whereas 2532 were managed medically.Conclusions: From present study, we may conclude that the maximum number of ocular trauma patients were seen in the age group of 21-30 years with more preponderance in males. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of ocular trauma. The fact that the lifetime prevalence of ocular trauma is higher than that of eye diseases, which can be decreased by implementing the traffic rules with strict force and imposing heavy fine and license cancellation for drunken driving.

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Clinical Features, Management, and Outcomes of Chest Trauma at a Tertiary-Care Centre in India: A Retrospective Observational Study

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/8052586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Bhupinder Singh Walia ◽

Pankaj Dugg ◽

Sanjeev Sharma

Keyword(s):

Chest Trauma ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Young Male ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Road Traffic Injuries ◽

Chest Injuries ◽

Male Patients

Introduction. Chest is one of the main sites of injuries in trauma being a part of the torso. Many important organs lie in rib cage. However, data on chest injuries are scarce. Methods. A retrospective study was carried out for chest trauma patients including polytrauma (n = 184) from hospital records for five years (2016–2020). Various parameters including demographic profile, mode of injury, management, and outcomes were studied. Results. Mean age of patients was 37 ± 16 years with a male to female ratio of 2.4 : 1. Road traffic injuries remained the most common cause of trauma followed by assaults. Most of the patients were managed conservatively (55.43%). Mortality was seen in only 1.63% patients. Conclusion. Young male patients are usually affected by trauma. Road traffic injuries are the commonest cause. However, most patients can be managed by conservative treatment and mortality is seen only in polytrauma patients in the present study.

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Pediatric ocular trauma with pars plana vitrectomy in Southwest of China: clinical characteristics and outcomes

International Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.18240/ijo.2021.09.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1321-1326

Author(s):

Zuo-Xin Qin ◽

◽

Yu-Fei Xu ◽

Tao Yu ◽

Yong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Retinal Detachment ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Open Globe ◽

Pediatric Ocular Trauma

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and predictive factors of pediatric ocular trauma patients with vitrectomy. METHODS: Pediatric ocular trauma patients (aged 14y or younger) who received vitrectomy in Southwest Hospital between January 2007 and December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, final visual acuity (VA), and prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 139 eyes in 139 pediatric patients were included in the study. The mean age was 7.4±3.7 years old and the male-to-female ratio was 5:1. There were 104 (74.8%) open globe injuries and 35 (25.2%) closed globe injuries. The top one traumatic eye injuries were penetrating injuries occur through sharp metal objects (43.9%). After vitrectomy, 116 patients had favorable anatomic outcome at the last follow-up, and 30 eyes (21.6%) achieved VA of 20/200 or better. Following univariate analysis, we found zone III injuries (P=0.021), poor initial VA (P=0.005), endophthalmitis (P=0.024), and recurrent retinal detachment (P<0.001) were poor prognostic factors for pediatric ocular trauma. After Logistic regression analysis, the poor initial VA (odds ratio: 8.276, 95%CI: 1.597-42.897, P=0.012) and recurrent retinal detachment (odds ratio: 6.455, 95%CI: 2.372-17.562, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with unfavorable vision outcome in pediatric ocular trauma. CONCLUSION: The treatment of vitrectomy for severe ocular trauma results in favorable anatomic outcomes, but VA improvement is not as good as anatomic outcomes. Initial VA and recurrent retinal detachment are the independent prognostic indicators for unfavorable visual outcome of severe pediatric ocular trauma.

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Profile of ocular injuries amongst various trauma patients presenting to tertiary care centre of Punjab

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.129 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 642-647

Author(s):

Anubha Bhatti ◽

Arushi Kakkar ◽

Shakeen Singh

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Trauma Society

To study the epidemiology and clinical profile of ocular trauma patients presenting to tertiary care centre. Prospective study. All patients of ocular trauma in OPD/Emergency were assessed for detail between 1/1/17 to 31/6/18 and data on demographic profile was established as per guidelines of Ocular Trauma Society of India. Patients were categorized in different segments and assessed/followed for visual impairment in particular. A total of 246 cases were examined out of which 87% were males. The most common mode of ocular injury was Road Traffic Accidents. Pediatric eye trauma constituted 16.7% of the total cases. 26.8% cases arrived to our centre between 4-24 hours and 62.6% cases presented after 24 hours. Amongst 131 cases of Road Traffic Accidents, none of them were using protective measures like helmets or goggles. Of these, 17.1% were under the influence of alcohol. 28.5% were involved in medicolegal proceedings. Majority of the cases comprised of monocular trauma (78.1%). Closed globe injuries constituted 88.94% of the total cases of which most cases presented with lid edema and ecchymosis. Chemical injuries were reported in 4.5% cases. 9 patients lost vision completely and 71 cases had vision from light perception to 6/18. Ocular trauma is one of the common causes of ocular morbidity. It has been seen predominantly in male population. Public needs to be educated about safety measurements and education about prompt need to specialised care to reduce ocular trauma related visual morbidity.

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Profile of Ocular Trauma Patients presenting to the National Eye Referral Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-887511/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oluwafemi Adekunmi Ibrahim ◽

Danait Michael ◽

Hermela Misghna ◽

Amir Ibrahim ◽

Rut Russom

Keyword(s):

Ocular Trauma ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Open Globe Injury ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Open Globe ◽

At Home

Abstract Background Ocular trauma is a significant disabling health problem and a leading cause of visual impairment and loss worldwide. These injuries have many diverse costs including human suffering, long term disabilities, loss of productivity and economic hardship. Therefore, assessing the profile of ocular trauma, the etiology and its outcome is critical to the prevention of ocular injuries Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on ocular trauma patients presenting to Berhan Ayni National Eye Referral Hospital from August – November, 2018. Data on demography, presenting visual acuity, type of injury and visual outcome were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The types of injuries were classified according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. Pearson Chi-Square test (χ2)/or Fisher’s exact test in the Crosstab procedure was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with blindness. Result 280 patients were seen with ocular trauma in the hospital during the study period. Males were 198 (70.7%) and peak age was 18–40 years. Ocular injury commonly occurred at home (31.8%), street and high way (31.4%) and workplace (28.9%). 24.7% of the injury was work-related. Common causes of injury were blunt objects (37.5%), sharp objects (31.1%) and fall (12.5%). 27.8% had open globe injury (OGI). Blindness was associated with rural residence (p < 0.0001), presentation greater than 24 hours (p = 0.04), non-use of eye protection goggles (p = 0.007), open globe injury (p = 0.018), posterior segment involvement (p < 0.0001) and hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Immediate and comprehensive medical care is mandatory for ocular trauma patients. Educating the public especially at home and workplace is essential to prevent eye injuries.

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PROFILE OF OCULAR TRAUMA PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA, A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i12.1603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Kalpana Singh ◽

Jeetendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Ocular Trauma ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Penetrating Injuries ◽

Eye Examination ◽

One Year ◽

A Prospective Study

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the patterns, presentations of ocular trauma, todetermine the groups at risk, types of injuries, analyze visual outcomes of ocular trauma in patients presenting at our hospital. Method –It is a prospective hospital based study done over a period of one year on ocular trauma patientsbetween Jan 2020 – Dec 2020.All consecutive, consenting patients with ocular trauma were interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire and underwent a detailed eye examination. Results: The study included 100 patients .Males were affected in 82%cases. The highest incidence of trauma was seen in the age group of 21-30 years( 29%).Children below 10 years were found in 12 % cases.Blunt trauma was found in 49% whereas penetrating injuries were found in 44 %. The most common site of injury was the cornea(30.58%). Keywords: ocular trauma, eye injuries, penetrating eye injuries, hyphaema

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A Retrospective Study on Clinical Features and Visual Outcome of Patients Hospitalized for Ocular Trauma in Cangzhou, China

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2017/7694913 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xi Zhang ◽

Yuqing Liu ◽

Xiangning Ji ◽

Yuanyuan Zou

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Work Related ◽

Trauma Score

Purpose. To describe clinical features and to analyze visual outcome of ocular trauma in Cangzhou in 2012–2015, China.Methods. A retrospective study of ocular trauma cases admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2012 till December 2015 was performed.Results. This study included a total of 507 eyes from 478 patients. Four hundred (83.7%) patients were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 5.1 : 1. Mean age was43.6±18.3years (5–95 years). The largest age group was 45–59 years old, followed by 30–44 years old, presenting two peaks of the age distribution and accounting for 28.5% and 27.2%, respectively. The most frequent type of injuries was work-related (194, 40.6%) followed by home-related (123, 25.7%). Initial visual acuity (VA) correlated with final VA (Spearman’s test,r=0.703,p=0.001). The Ocular Trauma Score also correlated with the final VA significantly (Spearman’s test,r=0.802,p=0.001).Conclusions. Susceptible population of eye injuries were middle- and young-aged working groups, and the proportion of males was higher. The leading two types of ocular trauma were work-related and home-related. Initial VA was a significant predictor of the final VA and the OTS possibly had predictive value in the final VA.

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