scholarly journals Risk Factors for Isolation of Strains Susceptible Only to Polymyxin among Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2541-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Falagas ◽  
Patra K. Koletsi ◽  
Petros Kopterides ◽  
Argyris Michalopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors associated with the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains susceptible only to polymyxin from blood by comparing data between 16 patients with blood isolates that were susceptible only to polymyxins and 40 patients with blood isolates that were susceptible to carbapenems. The multivariable analysis showed that exposure to carbapenems was associated with the development of P. aeruginosa bacteremia susceptible only to polymyxin (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 34.3; P = 0.001).

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

A case-control study of risk factors of chronic venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Abelyan ◽  
Lusine Abrahamyan ◽  
Gayane Yenokyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background/objectives Venous ulcers carry psychological and high financial burden for patients, causing depression, pain, and limitation of mobility. The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins in Armenia. Methods A case-control study design was utilized enrolling 80 patients in each group, who underwent varicose treatment surgery in two specialized surgical centers in Armenia during 2013–2014 years. Cases were patients with varicose veins and venous leg ulcers. Controls included patients with varicose veins but without venous leg ulcers. Data were collected using interviewer-administered telephone interviews and medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of venous ulceration. Results There were more females than males in both groups (72.5% of cases and 85.0 % of controls). Cases were on average older than controls (53.9 vs. 39.2 years old, p ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated odds of developing venous ulcer was higher in patients with history of post thrombotic syndrome (odds ratio = 14.90; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–56.19; p = 0.001), with higher average sitting time (odds ratio = 1.32 per hour of sitting time; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006), those with reflux in deep veins (odds ratio = 3.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.31; p = 0.019) and history of leg injury (odds ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–8.23; p = 0.022). Regular exercise in form of walking (≥5 days per week) was found to be a protective factor from venous ulceration (odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; p = 0.034). Conclusion We found that reflux in deep veins, history of leg injury, history of post thrombotic syndrome, and physical inactivity were significant risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins, while regular physical exercise mitigated that risk. Future studies should investigate the relationships between the duration and type of regular exercise and the risk of venous ulceration to make more specific recommendations on preventing ulcer development.

scholarly journals Bio-mechanical risk factors for uterine prolapse among women living in the hills of west Nepal: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550651989517
Author(s):  
Hridaya Raj Devkota ◽  
Tula Ram Sijali ◽  
Carisa Harris ◽  
Dirgha J Ghimire ◽  
Ndola Prata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To investigate whether heavy load carrying, wearing a patuka, and body position at work are risk factors for uterine prolapse among Nepali women. Methods: Community-based case-control study of 448 women (170 cases of uterine prolapse; 278 controls) aged 18–60 years in Kaski district, Nepal was conducted. Women diagnosed with uterine prolapse were cases. Two controls were recruited for each case, frequency-matched by residential area and age. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate associations between outcome and exposures. Results: No association of heavy load carrying with uterine prolapse was observed; women who never used a patuka had lower odds of uterine prolapse (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.05–0.71). Women working in a sitting position had higher odds than those working in a standing position (odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.74–4.96), as did women who mainly worked in a bending position (odds ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–5.34). Housewives were more prone to uterine prolapse than women engaged in farming (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–3.47). Conclusion: Using a patuka, occupation, and body position during work were all associated with uterine prolapse. No association was found with heavy load carrying, although that might be attributable to the cross-sectional nature of study recruitment.

Sensor-Operated Faucets: A Possible Source of Nosocomial Infection?

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ojan Assadian ◽  
Nadja El-Madani ◽  
Edith Seper ◽  
Stefan Mustafa ◽  
Christoph Aspöck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

AbstractRecently, contamination of sensor-operated faucets (SOFs) withPseudomonas aeruginosawas observed. To evaluate odds ratios, we conducted a case–control study in which handle-operated faucets served as controls. No statistically significant difference inP. aeruginosacounts was observed between SOFs and regular faucets in our study (odds ratio, 0.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.0 to 39.0; two-sidedPexact = .99).

Risk Factors for Subsequent Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Aslam ◽  
Charles Reitman ◽  
Rabih O. Darouiche
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Control Study

The factors associated with prosthetic joint infection for 126 patients in a case-control study were as follows: bacteremia during the previous year (odds ratio [OR], 4.25 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–3.8]), nonsurgical trauma to the prosthetic joint (OR, 21.5 [95% CI, 2.6–175.2]), and surgical site infection (OR, 5.25 [95% CI, 1.7–16.7]).

scholarly journals Outcomes and Risk Factors for Polymicrobial Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Souza Jorge ◽  
Patrícia Silva Fucuta ◽  
Maria Gabriele L. ◽  
Marcelo Arruda Nakazone ◽  
Juliana Arruda de ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Open Fracture ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Control Study

Abstract. Background: We hypothesized that polymicrobial posttraumatic osteomyelitis (PTO) may be associated with worse outcomes when compared to monomicrobial PTO. We therefore attempted to show the outcomes and predisposing factors associated with polymicrobial PTO.Methods: A single-center case-control study was carried out from 2007 to 2012. The outcome variables analyzed were: the need for additional surgical and antibiotic treatments, rates of amputation, and mortality associated with the infection. Univariate and multivariable analyses using multiple logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with polymicrobial PTO, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Among the 193 patients identified, polymicrobial PTO was diagnosed in 37.8%, and was significantly associated with supplementary surgical debridement (56.1% vs. 31%; p < 0.01), a higher consumption of antibiotics, and more amputations (6.5% vs 1.3%; p < 0.01). Factors associated with polymicrobial PTO in the multivariable analysis were older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.03, p = 0.04), working in agriculture (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.05 to 7.79, p = 0.04), open fracture Gustilo type III (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.02 to 5.56, p = 0.04), need for blood transfusion (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.32, p = 0.03), and need for supplementary debridement (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.29 to 5.16, p = 0.01).Conclusions: PTO is polymicrobial in more than one-third of patients, associated with extra surgical and clinical treatment, and worse outcomes including higher rates of amputation.

scholarly journals A national Swedish case-control study investigating incidence and factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110241
Author(s):  
Anna Sundholm ◽  
Sarah Burkill ◽  
Elisabet Waldenlind ◽  
Shahram Bahmanyar ◽  
A Ingela M Nilsson Remahl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Objective To study the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden and to explore whether previously proposed risk factors are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension by investigating the odds of exposure one year prior to diagnosis in patients compared to controls. Methods Using Swedish health care registers and validated diagnostic algorithms, idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients diagnosed between 2000–2016 were compared with randomly selected matched controls, five from the general population and five with obesity. Results We identified 902 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 4510 matched individuals in each control group. Mean incidence among inhabitants ≥18 years of age was 0.71 per 100,000; rising from 0.53 in 2000–2005 to 0.95 in 2012–2016. There were increased odds for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients compared to general population for exposure to: kidney failure (odds ratio =13.2 (4.1–42.0)), arterial hypertension (odds ratio =17.5 (10.5–29.3)), systemic lupus erythematosus (odds ratio =13.8 (4.3–44.7)), tetracyclines, sulphonamides, lithium, and corticosteroids. In obese controls, odds ratios were also significantly increased for these exposures. Hormonal contraceptive use and exposure to pregnancy did not appear to be associated factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension development. Conclusions The incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden is lower relative to reports from other countries but is on the rise. This case-control study confirms several previously reported risk factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

scholarly journals Effects of sagging breasts and other risk factors associated with mastalgia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Çomçalı ◽  
Servet Kocaoz ◽  
Buket Altun Özdemir ◽  
Ömer Parlak ◽  
Birol Korukluoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare patients with and without mastalgia and to analyze the factors affecting mastalgia and its severity. The patient’s age, height, weight, educational status, marital status, and occupation were recorded in all subjects. In addition, the women were asked about the presence of any risk factors for mastalgia, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight gain. The sternal notch to nipple distance (SNND) was measured to determine whether there was breast sagging. Mastalgia was significantly more common in women with BMIs of > 30 kg/m2 (OR: 2.94, CI 1.65–5.24), those who were primary school graduates or illiterate (OR: 2.96, CI 1.6–5.46), and those with SNND values of 22–25 cm (OR: 2.94, CI 1.79–4.82). In these women, drinking more than 6 cups of tea a day (OR: 2.15, CI 1.32–3.5), smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day (OR: 2.94, CI 1.78–4.83), and drinking alcohol at least once a week (OR: 2.1, CI 1.12–3.91) were found to be important factors that increased the risk of mastalgia. As a result, it has been found that severe mastalgia complaints cause by obesity, sagging breasts, never giving birth, unemployment anxiety, regular smoking, alcohol use, and excessive tea consumption.

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