scholarly journals Comparison of self-reported & device-based, measured physical activity among children in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Burchartz ◽  
Doris Oriwol ◽  
Simon Kolb ◽  
Steffen C. E. Schmidt ◽  
Kathrin Wunsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Actigraph Accelerometer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Who Guideline ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Abstract Background As children show a more complex but less structured movement behavior than adults, assessment of their many spontaneous and impulsive movements is a challenge for physical activity (PA) assessment. Since neither questionnaires nor accelerometers enable optimal detection of all facets of PA, a multimodal, combined approach of self-reported and device-based methods is recommended. Based on the number of days on which the participants reached the physical activity (PA) values given in the WHO guideline, this study examines 1) the difference between self-reported and device-based, measured PA and 2) whether PA differences between age and gender groups obtained by two methods are comparable. Methods Participants aged 6–17 years were randomly chosen and data were collected representatively at 167 sample points throughout Germany within the Motorik-Modul Study. PA of n = 2694 participants (52.3% female) was measured using the ActiGraph accelerometer (ACC) and a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). The sample was divided into three age groups (6–10 yrs. n = 788, 11–13 yrs. n = 823, 14–17 yrs. n = 1083). Numbers of days per week with at least 60 min moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were analyzed for both methods. Results Only every 25th respondent (4%) reaches the WHO standard of 60 min MVPA every day if measured with ACC. Self-reported PA was slightly higher (9%) (meanPAQ = 3.82 days; meanACC = 2.34 days; Fmethod = 915.85; p = <.001; fCohen = .64). The differences between the methods are significantly smaller in younger children than in the older age groups (Fage = 264.2, p < .001; fCohen = .48). The older the subjects are, the lower is the proportion of those who meet the WHO guideline on each day, with girls meeting the guideline less frequently than boys in all age groups. Conclusion Children and adolescents living in Germany show a very low adherence to the WHO guideline on PA. While younger children are much more active with their free play, especially children over 10 years of age and especially girls should be the target of programs to increase PA.

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

EXPRESS: Serum Carbohydrate Antigen72-4 levels decrease with age in females but not males in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110269
Author(s):  
Tongmei Duan ◽  
Xun Chen ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Ronghai Li ◽  
Huijuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Beijing China

Objective: Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many cancers. However, there are few studies on the differences of CA72-4 levels in terms of age and gender. Methods: 10957 healthy subjects were divided into two groups according to gender and three age groups. The serum CA72-4 were detected. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Results: The CA72-4 level in female group was significantly higher than that in male group. The level of CA72-4 gradually decreased with age. Compared with the age >60 group, the CA72-4 levels were increased in the age 46-60 group and 16-45 group (P >0.05, respectively). To better observe the age difference, the age 16-45 and 46–60 group were combined into the age 16-60 group. In comparison to the age >60 group, the CA72-4 level of age 16-60 group was significantly increased (P =0.000). In the age >60 group, there was no difference between genders. Nevertheless, the difference between the sexes in the age 16-60 group was significant (P =0.023). Conclusions: The reference interval of CA72-4 for local healthy population was established. CA72-4 levels gradually decreased with the increase of age, and CA72-4 level in females aged 16-60 years (0-18.0 U/mL) was higher than in males (0-14.5 U/mL), however there was no gender difference in the age group above 60 years old (0-14.5 U/mL). Moreover, male CA72-4 was no significant difference among all age groups, while the potential mechanism of female changes with age needed further study.

scholarly journals Objective and Self-reported Assessment of Physical Activity of Women over 60 Years Old

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ogonowska-Slodownik ◽  
Natalia Morgulec-Adamowicz ◽  
Paula Richley Geigle ◽  
Malgorzata Kalbarczyk ◽  
Andrzej Kosmol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine changes in objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) among women aged 60 years and older. The study included 200 women aged over 60 years, divided into three groups according to age (60–65 years, 66–70 years, > 70 years). The subjective assessment was provided with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) – short version with self-reported PA assessment, and objective data was provided by an Actigraph GT3-BT worn for seven days. Significant differences in moderate and high intensity PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA and steps per day were found between the oldest and youngest groups; as well as in low, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous PA and steps per day between groups middle and oldest. In all three age groups, 1) significant differences were observed between subjective and objective measurements of physical activity and 2) no correlation was found between assessment measures. It was found that only direct PA measurement declined with age in women over 60 years old, and that sedentary behavior is underestimated, and moderate and vigorous PA overestimated, with the self-reported IPAQ.

scholarly journals A Study into Psychological Mindedness in Relation to Different Types of Reflection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Putilova ◽  
◽  
Olga Vindeker ◽  
Tat’yana Smorkalova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Psychological Mindedness ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Mixed Age

The paper describes the results of the empirical study into psychological mindedness in relation to different types of reflection. The relevance of the paper is determined by the necessity to explore such human psychological characteristics that contribute to successful adaptation in the world of information abundance, uncertainty and inconsistency. The consistency between tolerance towards uncertainty and openness to change, on the one hand, and an interest in subjective experiences (own and others’ experiences), interest in internal processes, on the other, was called psychological mindedness. Initially, this concept was used in the framework of a clinical approach due to the necessity to examine the psychological factors of group and individual therapy effectiveness. Later it became clear that psychological mindedness could be a reliable predictor of an individual’s success in different lines of work. In Russia, this construct is under-researched. That is why this given study aimed to collect empirical data on the linkage between psychological mindedness and the highest adaptive type of reflection on a sample of Russian testees. The sample consisted of 149 respondents aged 18 – 65. Methods exploited in the study included Psychological Mindedness Scale by H. R. Conte (adapted by M. A. Novikova and T. V. Kornilova) and Differential Test of Reflexivity by D. A. Leont’ev, et al. The obtained data have confirmed the hypothesis of a connection between psychological mindedness and the systemic reflection. A positive correlation between one of the aspects of psychological mindedness – an interest in the sphere of subjective experiences – and introspection and quasi-reflection was found. Introspection as one of ineffective forms of reflection is negatively linked to the most important parameter of psychological mindedness – subjective availability of experiences for comprehension and analysis. In the course of correlation analysis the specificity of interrelations between psychological mindedness and types of reflection in women, men and mixed-age groups was revealed. The obtained data allow for clarifying the concept of psychological mindedness and differentially carrying out further studies on mixed-age and gender groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Quality on Customers’ Buying Behaviour towards Point of Purchase Display with reference to Haryana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhija Sunita ◽  
Sukhija Sunita
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Point Of Purchase ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova

The present paper focuses on the impact of quality on customers’ buying behaviour towards point-of-purchase display at various retail outlets in Haryana. Point-of-Purchase Display plays an important role to increase the sale of the retailers. Today customers are rational and prefer quality products at reasonable price. Moreover, due to the emergence of the supermarkets as the dominant retail, the retail industry is experiencing vibrant changes all over the world. Retail industry in India has grown to be more complex and dynamic with an increase rate of speed from unorganized towards being organized. In this research paper data has been collected from 100 respondents and analysed with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) using one way ANOVA and t-test with demographic factors i.e. age-wise, gender-wise, occupation-wise and income-wise. . After analysing the data it was found that, there is neutral relationship in the opinion of different age groups and gender groups over the point-of-purchase display on quality. On the other hand Occupation and income does not have any importance on customers view point regarding ‘quality’. To conclude we can say that point-of-purchase display is not directly related to the quality.

scholarly journals WORK RELATED VALUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT RELATIVE TO GENDER AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Leszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This article discusses issues related to organizational commitment and work related values. The research problem focuses on the correlation between values related to professional work and the affective, normative and calculative commitment of employees. A research question was posed as to what work related values are correlated with organisational commitment. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a group of 2076 people with the use of a diagnostic survey. The obtained data were analysed relative to the gender and age of the respondents. The results indicate certain discrepancies in terms of the value hierarchies observable between employees of different ages. Both men and women selected work-life balance and security as their most important values. The level of commitment was comparable between representatives of the two genders, with the levels observed for normative commitment. Organisational commitment increased with age and was statistically different for the respective age groups. The study confirmed the correlation between the hierarchy of work related values and the level of commitment, as well as the discrepancies in this respect between the respective age and gender groups. The same suggests that there is a need to account for values held by the employees when developing and employing motivational systems and HR practices.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the self-esteem level of physical development of young men and young women from different age groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
O. Marchenko ◽  
O. Kholodova ◽  
K. Zaiets
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Describes a complex of methods for the implementation of scientific research, the information of those who were researched is represented, methodology and methods of the research are described.Covers a wide range of problems, in particular a comprehensive study of motivation for both physical activity (needs, interests, self-conception, performance, leisure and factors of a healthy lifestyle), and for learning and succeeding.Objective: to study gender peculiarities and differences in self-description of physical development of schoolchildren. Material: The study involved schoolchildren of 5-11 grades (n = 638), among them: young men - 282, girls - 386. Correlation analysis of self-description of subjective indexes of physical development of schoolchildren has been conducted. Results: Using the results of the testing “Self-description of physical development”. It was found out that the correlational connection of indicators of self-description of the physical development of respondents of all ages have certain gender differences. We found that general self-esteem of boys of primary school age is affected by more indicators than of the girls. Young men associate with their own self-esteem and physical qualities: coordination and flexibility. Girls associate their health with physical activity and their own physical abilities. Conclusions: The obtained results of the scientific experiment give us the right to assert the existence of age and gender differences between the indicators of self-description of boys and girls who are engaged in and not engaged in sports. The study of self-assessment of physical boys and girls of different ages helped to draw conclusions about common and different priorities of the motivational sphere of physical culture and sports in gender and age.

A Volumetric Study of the Corpus Callosum in the Turkish Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Soysal ◽  
Niyazi Acer ◽  
Meltem Özdemir ◽  
Önder Eraslan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to measure the average corpus callosum (CC) volume of healthy Turkish humans and to analyze the effects of gender and age on volumes, including the genu, truncus, and splenium parts of the CC. Patients and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 301 healthy male and female subjects, aged 11 to 84 years. The median age was 42 years (min–max: 11–82) in females and 49 years (min–max: 12–84) in males. Corpus callosum and its parts were calculated by using MRICloud. CC volumes of each subject were compared with those of the age and gender groups. Results All volumes of the CC were significantly higher in males than females. All left volumes except BCC were significantly higher than the right volumes in both males and females. The oldest two age groups (50–69 and 70–84 years) were found to have higher bilateral CC volumes, and bilateral BCC volumes were also higher than in the other two age groups (11–29 and 30–49 years). Conclusion The results suggest that compared with females/males, females have a faster decline in the volume of all volumes of the CC. We think that quantitative structural magnetic resonance data of the brain is vital in understanding human brain function and development.

scholarly journals Barriers and Motivators of Physical Activity Participation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults—A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Spiteri ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Amira Hassan Bekhet ◽  
John Xerri de Caro ◽  
Bob Laventure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Barriers And Motivators

Identifying the difference in the barriers and motivators between middle-aged and older adults could contribute toward the development of age-specific health promotion interventions. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on the barriers and motivators for physical activity in middle-aged (50–64 years) and older (65–70 years) adults. This review examined qualitative and quantitative studies using the theoretical domain framework as the guiding theory. The search generated 9,400 results from seven databases, and 55 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The results indicate that the barriers are comparable across the two age groups, with environmental factors and resources being the most commonly identified barriers. In older adults, social influences, reinforcement, and assistance in managing change were the most identified motivators. In middle-aged adults, goal-setting, the belief that an activity will be beneficial, and social influences were identified as the most important motivators. These findings can be used by professionals to encourage engagement with and adherence to physical activity.

scholarly journals Tooth extraction: Pattern and etiology from extreme Northwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju Taiwo ◽  
Adebayo Aremu Ibikunle ◽  
Ramat Oyebunmi Braimah ◽  
Omotayo Amidu Sulaiman ◽  
Olalekan Micah Gbotolorun
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objective: Tooth extraction is a commonly performed procedure in dental clinics. It has been shown that the reasons for and pattern of tooth extraction vary across geographical regions. Few reports on the pattern of extraction among a semi-urban populace exist. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the pattern and reasons for tooth mortality from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria, which is a semi-urban region. Materials and Methods: A review of the records of patients that had tooth extraction at our center between January 2009 and January 2016, was done. Data such as the age, gender, type of tooth extracted, and reasons for extraction were retrieved and analyzed. Cross tabulations for age and gender were also made. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 1167 extractions were performed in 984 patients. An age range of 18–107 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 34.8 (13.3) was observed. Most of the patients were in the 21–30 years age group accounting for 35.7% of cases. Dental caries and its sequelae (DCS) (631, 54.1%) were the most common reasons for extraction, followed by periodontal disease (192, 16.5%). The difference in proportions of reasons for tooth extraction between the gender was statistically significant (P = 0.02; df = 24). The difference in the reasons for extraction among the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001; df = 132). Conclusion: DCS along with periodontal disease were the major reasons for extractions. These are largely preventable causes of tooth extraction; therefore, there is a need for commencement of far-reaching preventative actions.

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