scholarly journals The association between obesity and problematic smartphone use among school-age children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicong Ma ◽  
Jiangqi Wang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yingnan Jia
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Female Students ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Smartphone Use

Abstract Background The study aimed to investigate the association between content-based problematic smartphone use and obesity in school-age children and adolescents, including variations in the association by educational stage and sex. Methods Two-stage non-probability sampling was used to recruit 8419 participants from nineteen primary schools, five middle schools, and thirteen high schools in Shanghai in December 2017. Obesity was identified by body mass index (BMI), which was obtained from the school physical examination record, while problematic smartphone use was measured by the Revised Problematic Smartphone Use Classification Scale as the independent variable. Results The rates of obesity varied with educational stages, while problematic smartphone use increased with educational stages. Male students reported higher obesity rates (37.1%vs19.4%, P < 0.001) and greater problematic smartphone use scores (25.65 ± 10.37 vs 22.88 ± 8.94, P < 0.001) than female students. Problematic smartphone use for entertainment (smartphone users addicted to entertainment games, music, videos, novels and other applications) was positively associated to obesity status for primary school [odds ratio (OR), 1.030; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.005–1.057] and high school students (OR, 1.031; 95% CI, 1.004–1.059). For female students, problematic smartphone use for entertainment was positively associated with obesity status (OR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.018–1.075). Conclusions Problematic smartphone use may be associated with obesity in children and adolescents. The association differed based on the educational stage and sex, and the difference possessed dimensional specificity.

scholarly journals Does school reopening affect SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among school-age children in Milan?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257046
Author(s):  
Lucia Barcellini ◽  
Federica Forlanini ◽  
Arianna Sangiorgio ◽  
Greta Gambacorta ◽  
Luisella Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Before School ◽  
Remote Learning

The benefits of schools’ closure, used as a containment strategy by many European countries, must be carefully considered against the adverse effects of child wellbeing. In this study, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, which better estimates the real extent of the infection unraveling asymptomatic cases, among schoolchildren aged 3 to 18 in Milan, using dried blood spot, a safe and extremely viable methods for children, and then compared it between September 2020 and January 2021. Secondly, we evaluated the seroconversion rate and compared it between students attending schools in presence and those switched to distance-learning, using a logistic regression model, both as univariate and multivariate, adjusting for age and biological-sex. Among 1109 pupils, we found a seroprevalence of 2.8% in September before school reopening, while in January 2021, the seropositive rate was 12.5%, reflecting the general growth rate of infections during the second pandemic wave. The overall seroconversion rate was 10%, with no differences based on biological-sex and age groups; we observed no seroreversion. When considered age groups, the seroconversion rate was 10.5% (95%Confidence Interval, 2.9–24.8) among children attending preschools, 10.6% (95%Confidence Interval, 8.2–13.4) for primary schools, 9.9% (95%Confidence Interval, 6.8–13.8) for secondary schools, and 7.8% (95%Confidence Interval, 4–13.2) among high-school students. Interestingly, no differences in seroconversion rate were found between students who attended school compared to those who started remote learning in the first days of November. Furthermore, most patients (61%) reported that the contact occurred within the household. We reported a low seroconversion rate among school children in Milan, with no differences between those who attended from September 2020 to January 2021 compared to those who switched to remote learning in the first days of November. Our data suggest that schools do not amplify SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but rather reflect the level of the transmission in the community.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Smartphone Bermasalah Pada Siswa SMA Serta Implikasinya Bagi Pelayanan Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Nira Prihatin Nufus ◽  
Susi Fitri ◽  
Murti Kusuma Wirasti
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Students ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Smartphone Use

Excessive use of smartphones can lead to problematic smartphone use. Problematic smartphone use is a person's inability to regulate smartphone use, which results in many negative consequences in everyday life. This study aims to determine the problematic description of smartphone use in high school students in the Bogor area. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The sampling technique was using the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was the MPPUSA (Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale for Adolescent) adaptation instrument. Its aspects consist of tolerance, escape from problems, craving, withdrawal, negative consequences, and social motivation. The results of the instrument trial obtained a reliability coefficient of 0.877. The questionnaire was distributed online using the Google Forms application, with 188 respondents (45 male respondents and 143 female respondents). The scale used is the five-point Likert scale. The results showed that the category of problematic use was 8.50%, the users were at risk of 43.62%, habitual use was 40.96%, and occasional users were 6.91%. The highest percentage of problematic smartphone use aspects is the escape from problem aspect of 67.84% and the lowest is the withdrawal aspect of 43.09%. The implication of the results of this study can be used as a needs analysis in making guidance and counseling service programs in schools by guidance and counseling teachers.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics and Addiction Propensity According to Content Type of Smartphone Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2292
Author(s):  
Jinhee Lee ◽  
Joung-Sook Ahn ◽  
Seongho Min ◽  
Min-Hyuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
School Students ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Smartphone Use

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between content type of smartphone use and psychological characteristics and addiction propensity, including the average time of smartphone use and problematic smartphone use. Data were obtained from the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, a nationally representative survey of middle- and high-school students (n = 62,276). The content type of smartphone use was divided into four categories: (1) Study, (2) Social-Networking Services (SNS), (3) Game, and (4) Entertainment. The association of depressive mood and suicidal ideation with content type of smartphone use was analyzed, using multiple and binary logistic regression analyses, respectively. The relationship between content type of smartphone use and time spent on smartphone use and problematic smartphone use was analyzed by using multiple logistic regression, adjusted for related covariables. The results of this study revealed that depressive mood and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with the SNS smartphone use group, compared with the other groups. Our results also indicate that the SNS group showed higher addiction propensity, such as overuse and experiencing adverse consequences of smartphone use.

Screening for hearing loss and middle-ear effusion in school-age children, using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions: a feasibility study

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Georgalas ◽  
J Xenellis ◽  
D Davilis ◽  
A Tzangaroulakis ◽  
E Ferekidis
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions

AbstractIntroduction:The characteristics of otoacoustic emissions that make them ideally suited for universal newborn hearing loss screening could potentially be useful for the screening of older children. This study was performed in order to assess the role of otoacoustic emissions in a screening programme for middle-ear disorders and hearing loss in school-age children.Methods:Cross-sectional, preliminary screening study.Setting:Primary schools of Argolida municipality, south-east Greece, between December 2004 and March 2005.Patient selection and recruitment:All the primary school students of Argolida were invited, by press releases and individually by their teachers, to attend a session of otological and audiological screening.Results:One hundred and ninety-six children were evaluated using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. Twenty per cent failed in both ears, while in 32 per cent otoacoustic emissions could not be produced in at least one ear. Younger children had higher rates of absent transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. The absence of otoacoustic emissions was highly correlated with tympanic membrane changes seen on otoscopy and the presence of a type B tympanogram. As a single screening modality, otoacoustic emissions had a 100 per cent sensitivity in diagnosing hearing loss worse than 30 dB, and a 90 per cent sensitivity and 64 per cent specificity in diagnosing hearing loss worse than 25 dB, which did not improve by adding tympanometry to the screening protocol.Conclusion:These results strongly suggest the potential usefulness of otoacoustic emission testing in screening school-age children for hearing loss. Further studies, taking into account cost-effectiveness issues, are indicated.

Evaluation of the incidence of malocclusions among school-age children in Lublin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Andrzej Świrski ◽  
Katarzyna Olszewska ◽  
Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak ◽  
Krzysztof Owczarek
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Study Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Lower Incisors

The evaluation of the incidence of malocclusions is the first step to assess the demand for orthodontic treatment in a given population, to plan prophylactic activities, to set priorities for early treatment, and to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of therapeutic activities to be introduced. <b>Aim.</b> To assess malocclusions in primary school students at the age of 10–12 years in Lublin. The epidemiological study was aimed to assess the presence of dental abnormalities, but without complete specialised orthodontic diagnostics. <b>Material and methods.</b> The study group included 242 children at the age of 10–12 years, namely 118 girls and 124 boys who were students at randomly selected primary schools in Lublin. A clinical examination of the masticatory organ was conducted in school dental offices. <b>Results.</b> Normal occlusion was observed in 15.3% of children in the study group. Malocclusions ranging from mild to severe were observed in 84.7% of subjects. Class I malocclusion was diagnosed in 57% of the study group, class II – in 24.3%, and class III – in 3.3%. In a group of 10–12-year-old children the most common orthodontic abnormality included increased overbite that was observed in 52.1% of subjects, followed by crowding of lower incisors diagnosed in 45.9% of subjects. <b>Conclusions.</b> Among 10-12-year-old students of Lublin schools malocclusions were observed in the significant majority of children. Class I and class II malocclusions were predominant therapeutic needs in a group of 10-12-year-old children according to studies conducted. With regard to class I malocclusions the most frequently diagnosed abnormalities requiring orthodontic treatment included: increased overbite, crowding of lower incisors and transverse abnormalities. <b>(Świrski A, Olszewska K, Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Owczarek K. evaluation of the incidence of malocclusions among school-age children in Lublin. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 153-66)</b>

Zahedan School Fire: Endless Fire Incidents in Iranian Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-363
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Hamid Jafari ◽  
Samaneh Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Life Events ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students

ABSTRACTEmergencies frequently happen and sometimes their victims are school students. School age children and adolescents may be more vulnerable to life events and require more attention than adults, depending on the stage of their growth. The private elementary school of Osveh Hasaneh in Zahedan, Iran, caught fire on December 18, 2018, at 9:00 AM, where 4 students were killed. This school fire is the highest rate of mortality in Iran in terms of the number of student deaths. Considering the repeated nature of such incidents in Iranian schools, it is necessary to increase the awareness of risk of fire in schools to promote a culture of fire prevention in society.

Psychosocial Maturity and School Achievement in Chinese Children of School-Age

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychosocial Maturity ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
Analysis Scale

The relationship between Eriksonian psychosocial maturity, measured by three sets of content analysis scales, and school achievement was examined in school-age children in the People's Republic of China. Primary and high school students ( N = 360) with equal numbers of boys and girls participated. A standard open-ended interview was used to collect verbalizations which then were transcribed and analysed by the Content Analysis Scale of Psychosocial Maturity, the Sociality Scales, and the Pawn and Origin Scales. School achievement, as measured by ordinary school examinations, was not linked with any of these psychological measures. The differences in measurement and the characteristics of Chinese culture might account for the findings, but blind scoring is advised. The implications of the independent developmental domains of psychosocial maturity and school achievement were discussed.

scholarly journals On the question of dyslalia correction in primary school-age children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Iryna Оliinyk ◽  
◽  
Liliia Tyshchenko ◽  
Larissa Yatseniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Primary School Age

The article discloses the problem of dyslalia treatment in primary school-age children. It highlights the scientific views of Ukrainian and foreign scientists concerning the diagnosis of dyslalia as a speech disorder. In particular, the author investigates various approaches to the classification of dyslalia in domestic and foreign literature and reveals the methodological foundations of dyslalia correction in the context of the formation of speech competence of primary school-age children of the New Ukrainian School.The study characterizes primary forms and types of dyslalia depending on the causes of its occurrence and the number of groups of disturbing sounds. Following the stages of speech therapy, the author describes a method for correcting violations of sound pronunciation and the formation of skills for accurate reproduction of sounds within children of primary school age.Particular attention is focused on the timely detection and correction of dyslalia in elementary school students to prevent the manifestation of violation processes in reading and writing, problems with communication in society, and the formation of the personality as a whole. The need to improve the competence of teachers, including primary school teachers working with children of this category, is noted in connection with the transition of primary schools to the new State Standard and the active introduction of inclusive education.The author substantiates the expediency of close cooperation of all participants in the educational process regarding the awareness of the shared responsibility for the child’s speech development

scholarly journals Adolescents Suspended in the Space-Time: Problematic Use of Smartphone between Dissociative Symptoms and Flow Experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Ingrassia ◽  
Gioele Cedro ◽  
Sharon Puccio ◽  
Loredana Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
School Students ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Dissociative Symptoms ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Flow Experiences

Based on current digital culture, this chapter aims to provide an updated view of dissociative experiences as no-psychopathological symptoms of flow experiences. It has been hypothesized that prolonged exposures to smartphone screens could be a predictor of altered states of consciousness (flow) and that sometimes these prolonged exposures could degenerate into dissociative phenomena. Participants were 643 high school students aged between 13 and 23 years (M = 16.08; SD = 1.79). They were asked to answer four self-report questionnaires about the habits of smartphone usage, the perception of problematic smartphone use, and the assessment of dissociative symptoms and experiences (e.g., bizarre sensory experiences, absorption and imaginative involvement [AII], depersonalization and derealization). Gender differences emerged both in smartphone usage habits and some dissociative scales. Two gender-specific stepwise linear regressions showed that problematic smartphone use is one of the stronger predictors of dissociative symptoms. Results support the idea that in an adolescents’ community sample prolonged exposition to smartphone screens plays a role in the manifestation of dissociative symptoms. This is closely connected with experiences of AII, which could reinforce the use of devices contributing significantly to establishing a causal circularity between smartphone prolonged usage and AII phenomena.

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