scholarly journals Cytotoxicity activities and chemical characteristics of exopolysaccharides and intracellular polysaccharides of Physarum polycephalum microplasmodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuyen T. H. Do ◽  
Tran N. B. Lai ◽  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
Hanh T. M. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Component Cell ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
Total Sulfate ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Background Microbial polysaccharides have been reported to possess remarkable bioactivities. Physarum polycephalum is a species of slime mold for which the microplasmodia are capable of rapid growth and can produce a significant amount of cell wall-less biomass. There has been a limited understanding of the polysaccharides produced by microplasmodia of slime molds, including P. polycephalum. Thus, the primary objectives of this research were first to chemically characterize the exopolysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of P. polycephalum microplasmodia and then to evaluate their cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. Results The yields of the crude EPS (4.43 ± 0.44 g/l) and partially purified (deproteinated) EPS (2.95 ± 0.85 g/l) were comparable (p > 0.05) with the respective crude IPS (3.46 ± 0.36 g/l) and partially purified IPS (2.45 ± 0.36 g/l). The average molecular weight of the EPS and IPS were 14,762 kDa and 1788 kDa. The major monomer of the EPS was galactose (80.22%), while that of the IPS was glucose (84.46%). Both crude and purified IPS samples showed significantly higher cytotoxicity toward Hela cells, especially the purified sample and none of the IPSs inhibited normal cells. Only 38.42 ± 2.84% Hela cells remained viable when treated with the partially purified IPS (1 mg/ml). However, although only 34.76 ± 6.58% MCF-7 cells were viable when exposed to the crude IPS, but the partially purified IPS displayed non-toxicity to MCF-7 cells. This suggested that the cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 would come from some component associated with the crude IPS sample (e.g. proteins, peptides or ion metals) and the purification process would have either completely removed or reduced amount of that component. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry suggested that the mechanism of the toxicity of the crude IPS toward MCF-7 and the partially purified IPS toward Hela cells was due to apoptosis. Conclusions The EPS and IPS of P. polycephalum microplasmodia had different chemical properties including carbohydrate, protein and total sulfate group contents, monosaccharide composition and molecular weights, which led to different cytotoxicity activities. The crude and partially purified IPSs would be potential materials for further study relating to cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Partial Acid Hydrolysis on Size, Dispersity, Monosaccharide Composition, and Conformation of Linearly-Branched Water-Soluble Polysaccharides

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Cristina Lupo ◽  
Samy Boulos ◽  
Laura Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis

The effect of partial acid hydrolysis on the physical and chemical properties of galactomannan, arabinoxylan, and xyloglucan was investigated. Polysaccharides were treated at 50 °C with hydrochloric acid for 3–48 h. Portions of isopropanol (i-PrOH) were added sequentially to the hydrolyzates, resulting in fractions that were collected by centrifugation. As expected, a significant reduction of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was observed with increasing hydrolysis time. Fractional precipitation was successfully applied to collect at least one polymer fraction with dispersity (Đ) close to one for each polysaccharide. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the partial hydrolysis usually lowered the relative amount of side chains, with the exception of galactomannan, where the composition remained largely unaffected. Estimation of the polymer conformation in solution, through evaluation of the Mark-Houwink parameter coefficient (α), confirmed that acid hydrolysis influenced the polysaccharides’ conformation. It was demonstrated that acid treatment in dilute solution followed by fractional isopropanol precipitation is a method, extendible to a variety of polysaccharides, to obtain materials of decreased molecular weight and low dispersity with slightly altered overall composition and conformation.

New Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Carbazole-Chalcones as Potent Anticancer Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Rashid ◽  
Sumera Zaib ◽  
Aliya Ibrar ◽  
Syeda Abida Ejaz ◽  
Aamer Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Cervical Adenocarcinoma ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Mcf 7

Background and Objectives: Despite various technological advances for the treatment of cancer, the identification of new chemical entities with potent anticancer effects remain an indispensable requirement of the time due to multi-drug resistance exhibited by previously developed anticancer drugs. Particularly, the hybrid drugs incorporating two individual bioactive pharmacophores present medicinally important structural leads, thus improving the pharmacodynamic profile of the drug molecules. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast and cervical cancer cells will be examined. Materials and Methods: To overcome such complications, in the current study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells and normal cells i.e., baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) using MTT (dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The mechanistic studies were performed on potent compound 4g by fluorescent microscopic studies, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and -3 and flow cytometric analysis. Results: As revealed by MTT assay, compound 4g was identified as the most potent derivative among the tested series with IC50 values of 5.64 and 29.15 μM against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The results were compared with cisplatin. Fluorescent microscopic studies using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI) staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with the most active compound 4g. Moreover, compound 4g also triggered the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cells while a luminescence assay displayed a remarkable increase in the activity of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, flow cytometric results revealed that compound 4g caused G0/G1 arrest in the treated HeLa cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the compound 4g possesses chemotherapeutic properties against breast cancer and cervical adenocarcinoma cells, thus warranting further research to test the anticancer efficacy of this compound at clinical level.

Cytokine and inflammatory mediators are associated with cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activity of honeybee venom

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Salama ◽  
Mohamed A. Younis ◽  
Roba M. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of bee venom (BV) as well as changes in cytokine secretion levels and nitric oxide (NO) production using three different cancer cell lines [liver (Hep-G2), breast (MCF-7), and cervical (HPV-18 infected HeLa cells)] and two normal cells (splenocytes and macrophages (MQ).MethodsCytotoxic activity of BV against tumor cell lines and normal splenocytes/MQ was tested by MTT assay. By ELISA (ELISA); Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Interleukine (IL-10) and interferon (IFN-γ) were measured. Caspase three expressions was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nitric oxide (NO) was estimated using a colorimetric assay.ResultsBV has a significant cytotoxic effect on all cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner; none of them was toxic for normal cells. Treating Hep-G2 cells with BV showed a reduction in IL-10, elevation in TNF-α with no change in IFN-γ level. MCF-7 cells have low IL-10 and TNF-α and high IFN-γ production level. Elevation of IL-10 and IFN-γ coincides with a reduction in TNF-α level was demonstrated in HeLa cells. The expression of Caspase three was dramatically increased with elevation in BV concentration in all tested cancer cell lines. A gradual decrease in NO production by MQ with increasing BV dose was observed.ConclusionTaken together, our results stressed on the importance of BV as a potent anti-tumor agent against various types of cancers (Liver, Breast, and Cervix). Further steps towards the use of BV for pharmacological purposes must be done.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Arabinoxylan from Wheat Beer, Beer Foam and Defoamed Beer

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Jinhua Du
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Beer Foam

This research was to explore the distribution and some molecular characterization of arabinoxylan in wheat beer (B), beer foam (BF) and defoamed beer (DB) because of the crucial influences of arabinoxylan on wheat beer and its foam. The purified arabinoxylan from B, BF, and DB were fractionated by ethanol of 50%, 67%, 75%, and 80%. The monosaccharide composition, substitution degree (Ara/Xyl ratio, A/X), and average degrees of polymerization (avDP) of arabinoxylan were investigated. Molecular weight and microstructure were also involved in this study by GPC-LLS and SEM, respectively. Under the same ethanol concentration, the arabinoxylan content in the BF was higher than the other two, respectively, and it was precipitated in BF fraction with 50% ethanol which accounted for 80.84% of the total polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the greatest substitution degree (A/X) and highest value of avDP of the arabinoxylan was found in all beer foam fractions regardless of the concentration of ethanol used. The average degrees of polymerization (avDP) of arabinoxylan displayed a significant difference (p < 0.05) among B, BF, and DB. Furthermore, arabinoxylan presented varied microstructure with irregular lamellas and spherical structures and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of arabinoxylan showed the lowest values in BF, while the largest values were shown in DB. Therefore, arabinoxylan was more accumulated in beer foam, especially in 50% ethanol, characterised by greater value of A/X and avDP, as well as lower Mw. It was suggested that the arabinoxylan played important roles in maintaining wheat beer foam characteristics.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Novel Acid Polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yue ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Xianheng Li ◽  
Jeevithan Elango ◽  
Wenhui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Solanum Muricatum ◽  
Acid Polysaccharide

To investigate the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum, a novel acid polysaccharide named SMP-3a was purified from Solanum muricatum pulp through DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that SMP-3a was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid with the molar ratio of 1.09:2.64:1.54:1. The average molecular weight was found to be 227 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Thermal studies revealed the SMP-3a was a thermally stable polymer. Based on the results of methylation and NMR analysis, the backbone chain of SMP-3a was composed of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→. The side chain was consisted of α-l-Araf-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→. Immunomodulatory assay indicated that SMP-3a could significantly promote the proliferation of macrophages and stimulate the secretion of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our results suggested that SMP-3a could be used as a novel potential immunomodulatory agent in functional food.

scholarly journals Assembly of amino-terminally deleted desmin in vimentin-free cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1971-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Raats ◽  
F R Pieper ◽  
W T Vree Egberts ◽  
K N Verrijp ◽  
F C Ramaekers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Amino Terminal Domain ◽  
Mcf 7 ◽  
Vimentin Filaments

To study the role of the amino-terminal domain of the desmin subunit in intermediate filament (IF) formation, several deletions in the sequence encoding this domain were made. The deleted hamster desmin genes were fused to the RSV promoter. Expression of such constructs in vimentin-free MCF-7 cells as well as in vimentin-containing HeLa cells, resulted in the synthesis of mutant proteins of the expected size. Single- and double-label immunofluorescence assays of transfected cells showed that in the absence of vimentin, desmin subunits missing amino acids 4-13 are still capable of filament formation, although in addition to filaments large numbers of desmin dots are present. Mutant desmin subunits missing larger portions of their amino terminus cannot form filaments on their own. It may be concluded that the amino-terminal region comprising amino acids 7-17 contains residues indispensable for desmin filament formation in vivo. Furthermore it was shown that the endogenous vimentin IF network in HeLa cells masks the effects of mutant desmin on IF assembly. Intact and mutant desmin colocalized completely with endogenous vimentin in HeLa cells. Surprisingly, in these cells endogenous keratin also seemed to colocalize with endogenous vimentin, even if the endogenous vimentin filaments were disturbed after expression of some of the mutant desmin proteins. In MCF-7 cells some overlap between endogenous keratin and intact exogenous desmin filaments was also observed, but mutant desmin proteins did not affect the keratin IF structures. In the absence of vimentin networks (MCF-7 cells), the initiation of desmin filament formation seems to start on the preexisting keratin filaments. However, in the presence of vimentin (HeLa cells) a gradual integration of desmin in the preexisting vimentin filaments apparently takes place.

scholarly journals Dimeric 1,4-benzoquinone Derivatives with Cytotoxic Activities from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. L129

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Ju ◽  
Li ◽  
Sun ◽  
Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
Mic Value ◽  
Mcf 7

Two new dimeric 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives, peniquinone A (1) and peniquinone B (2), a new dibenzofuran penizofuran A (3), and a new pyrazinoquinazoline derivative quinadoline D (4), together with 13 known compounds (5–17), were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. L129. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against the MCF-7, U87 and PC3 cell lines with IC50 values of 12.39 µM, 9.01 µM and 14.59 µM, respectively, while compound 2 displayed relatively weak cytotoxicity activities against MCF-7, U87 and PC3 cell lines with IC50 values of 25.32 µM, 13.45 µM and 19.93 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2 showed weak quorum sensing inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with an MIC value of 20 μg/well.

scholarly journals Distribution studies on polytene chromosomes using antibodies directed against hnRNP.

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Christensen ◽  
W M LeStourgeon ◽  
M Jamrich ◽  
G C Howard ◽  
L A Serunian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Hnrnp Proteins ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

The distribution of nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) particles in Drosophila polytene chromosomes has been investigated using anti-B-36 serum as a probe. The use of polytene chromosomes allows resolution at the level of the chromomere, and provides the opportunity to look for both positive and negative correlations with transcriptional activity. The antiserum was obtained using the nuclear protein B-36 from Physarum polycephalum as the immunogen. It has been shown to precipitate hnRNP particles from HeLa cells through a cross-reaction with the major 32,000- and 34,000-dalton hnRNP particle proteins. The antiserum cross-reacts with a Drosophila nuclear protein of approximately 34,000 daltons. By indirect immunofluorescence, we observed that the antiserum reacts preferentially with transcriptionally active loci of the polytene chromosomes, whereas loci previously or subsequently active do not show significant fluorescence. The overall pattern of fluorescence is very similar to that generated with anti-RNA polymerase B serum. The correlation of fluorescence and transcriptional activity observed suggests that the anti-B-36 serum is recognizing hnRNP proteins which have combined with nascent RNA molecules at the sites of transcription.

Novel bismuth compounds: synthesis, characterization and biological activity against human adenocarcinoma cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (35) ◽  
pp. 29026-29044 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arda ◽  
I. I. Ozturk ◽  
C. N. Banti ◽  
N. Kourkoumelis ◽  
M. Manoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Bismuth Compounds ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Mcf 7

Novel bismuth(iii) halide compounds were synthesized. Molecules with lower H-all atoms inter-molecular interactions tend to exhibit the higher activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cells.

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