Creaming behavior prediction of argan oil in water emulsion stabilized by lacto-fermentation: creaming index

Abstract Background In order to improve the taste acceptability of certain nutritional oils, it has been decided in this study to introduce them in an emulsion whose surfactant is casein, then to carry out a lacto-fermentation, leading to a dairy-like product with added nutritional value and health benefit. In this context, a plan of mixtures has been proposed for the preparation of emulsions based on argan oil, sodium caseinate and starch, with concentrations ranged between (10–20%) and (0–2%) and (0–1.5%) respectively. All emulsions were homogenized at two high stirring velocities (10,000–20,000 rpm) and two stirring times (5–20 min). The physical stability was assessed by visual analysis and microstructural measurements. The Creaming index was calculated for selected emulsions to predict their creaming behavior. Results All emulsions showed a creaming behavior except one emulsion that required the highest values of all factors, which showed the highest creaming index with an average particle size of 11.27 μm. The absence or the variation of one or all factors led to various degrees of instabilities verified in all other emulsions. Due to the synergistic action of all parameters, the emulsion stability was attributed to the reduction of droplets size, the increase of continuous phase viscosity and the decrease of coalescence. Conclusion The parameters that played a major role in the stability of the emulsion consists of: stirring velocity and time, sodium caseinate/oil ratio and starch/sodium caseinate ratio. The underlying structure and the interaction of the fluid droplets within the solid like product is what holds the stability of the product against settling or separation during fermentation.

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A Green Approach to Preparing Nanosized Hollow Silica Microspheres with Waste Polystyrene

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1511 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 1511-1514

Author(s):

Hong Feng Wang ◽

Zhi Qi Wang ◽

Ai Ping Wang ◽

Zhi Bin Zhu ◽

Yan Sheng Yin

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

Organic Solution ◽

Silica Microspheres ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Hollow Silica ◽

Green Approach ◽

Waste Polystyrene ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion

An attempt was made to prepare hollow silica microspheres by an oil-in-water emulsion which proposed to use waste polystyrene organic solution as oil phase. Effects of the kinds and amounts of surfactants and the concentration of waste polystyrene solution on the nanosized hollow silica microspheres were studied. The prepared hollow silica microspheres were characterized by TEM, XRD, TG-DTA and particle size distribution analyzer. The experimental results showed that the waste polystyrene organic solution was successfully treated as oil core and the cores could be removed at about 350°C. Meanwhile, the obtained hollow microspheres were amorphous with an average particle size of 40nm. The hollow silica microspheres could be obtained with the selected surfactant.

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Reinforcement of Quaternary Ammonium Modified Silica (QAMS) with Magnetite and its Application by Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) to Adsorb Chromate Ions

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.23.10.338-345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 338-345

Author(s):

Ngatijo Ngatijo ◽

Restina Bemis ◽

Abdul Aziz ◽

Rahmat Basuki

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Average Particle ◽

Modified Silica ◽

Spherical Form ◽

Chromate Ions ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

The Stability ◽

Ph Range

Chromium (VI) in the form of chromate anions that have toxic properties needs to be overcome. This study aims to reinforce cationic sorbent quaternary amine-modified silica with magnetite (QAMS-Fe3O4) to adsorb chromate ions. QAMS prepared by reflux methylation ammine modified silica (AMS) obtained from destruction silicate from rice husk ash followed by the addition of 3-APTMS. Characterization QAMS-Fe3O4 by FT-IR showed successfully of methylation process indicated by disappearing absorbance at 1388 cm-1, and emerging absorbance at 2939 cm-1 in QAMS and QAMS-Fe3O4 indicated a transformation of N-H from -NH2 group to [-N+(CH3)3]. XRD analysis denotes 2θ = 30.15°, 35.53°, 43.12°, 57.22°, and 62.90° (JCPDS No. 00-033-0664) fathomed as a characteristic peak of magnetite. SEM-EDX reveals the homogenous topological spherical form with an average particle size 0.006 µm that is dominated by Si element (52.81%) with magnetic moment value = 34.1 emu/g. The stability test shows that this material stable in an acid condition. The adsorption of chromate ions was conducted by the SPA method. Optimal pH obtained by pH range 4-7 with more than 90% adsorbed chromate ions. Variation of increasing series flow rate from 0.05 to 1.5 mL min-1 resulted in decreased adsorbed chromate ions. The use of SPA methods offered simpler and easier handling than the batch method without overriding the adsorption process effectiveness.

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Methylene Blue Dye Photocatalytic Degradation over Synthesised Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 Nano-Catalyst: Degradation and Reusability Studies

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10122360 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2360

Author(s):

Seyedehmaryam Moosavi ◽

Rita Yi Man Li ◽

Chin Wei Lai ◽

Yusliza Yusof ◽

Sinyee Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Uv Light ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Average Particle ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Nano Catalyst ◽

One Step ◽

The Stability

In this study, activated carbon (AC) from coconut shell, as a widely available agricultural waste, was synthesised in a simple one-step procedure and used to produce a magnetic Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 nano-catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles, with an average particle size of 45 to 62 nm, covered the surface of the AC porous structure without a reunion of its structure, which according to the TGA results enhanced the stability of the photocatalyst at high temperatures. The photocatalytic activities of synthesised AC, commercial TiO2, Fe3O4/AC, and Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 were compared, with Fe3O4/AC/TiO2 (1:2) exhibiting the highest catalytic activity (98%). Furthermore, evaluation of the recovery and reusability of the photocatalysts after treatment revealed that seven treatment cycles were possible without a significant reduction in the removal efficiency.

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Selection of Polyanions as Complexation Agent in the Formation of Nanochitosan by Polyelectrolyte Complex Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.948.140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 948 ◽

pp. 140-145

Author(s):

Al Dina N. Khoerunisa ◽

Prihati Sih Nugraheni ◽

Mohammad Fahrurrozi ◽

Wiratni Budhijanto

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽

Ph Value ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Aqueous Dispersion ◽

Complex Method ◽

Average Particle ◽

Arabic Gum ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

The Stability

The aqueous dispersion of nanochitosan was prepared by polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) method with various mixing ratios of chitosan and polyanions, i.e., chitosan-glucomannan, chitosan-hyaluronic acid, and chitosan-Arabic gum. The formation of nanochitosan was carried out by adding the polyanion solution dropwise into the acid solution of chitosan. The study aimed to determine the best polyanion among the variations tested in this study, concerning the targeted particle size and the stability of the dispersion over time. Particle size distribution was observed by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The result indicated that Arabic gum gave the smallest average particle size, i.e. 192.5 nm, at a chitosan/polyanion mass ratio of 3:1 and pH value of 4.

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Stability and particle size of polypyrrole dispersion using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as surfactant

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2007.7.1.202 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shuangxi Xing ◽

Guoku Zhao

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

Sem Images ◽

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate ◽

Structure And Morphology ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Pyrrole Monomer ◽

The Stability

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) dispersion was prepared using FeCl3·6H2O as oxidant in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as surfactant. The formation of the micelles and the electrostatic interaction between PPy and SDBS were considered the driving forces for the formation and stability of the dispersion. UV/Vis/NIR, FTIR spectra and SEM images were studied to confirm the structure and morphology of the PPy dispersion, respectively. Polymerization of pyrrole under different preparation conditions including the concentration of the surfactant, the pyrrole monomer and the oxidant and also the addition of acid were carried out in order to investigate their effects on the stability and average particle size of the dispersions. The conductivity of the resulting PPy particles was measured and a comparison between the PPy and polyaniline dispersion formed with SDBS as surfactant was also given.

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STAT6 siRNA Matrix-Loaded Gelatin Nanocarriers: Formulation, Characterization, andEx VivoProof of Concept Using Adenocarcinoma Cells

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/858946 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Susanne R. Youngren ◽

Rakesh K. Tekade ◽

Brianne Gustilo ◽

Peter R. Hoffmann ◽

Mahavir B. Chougule

Keyword(s):

Release Kinetics ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Average Particle ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Nonspecific Effects ◽

Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽

Sirna Therapy ◽

The Stability

The clinical utility of siRNA therapy has been hampered due to poor cell penetration, nonspecific effects, rapid degradation, and short half-life. We herewith proposed the formulation development of STAT6 siRNA (S6S) nanotherapeutic agent by encapsulating them within gelatin nanocarriers (GNC). The prepared nanoformulation was characterized for size, charge, loading efficiency, release kinetics, stability, cytotoxicity, and gene silencing assay. The stability of S6S-GNC was also assessed under conditions of varying pH, serum level, and using electrophoretic assays.In vitrocytotoxicity performance was evaluated in human adenocarcinoma A549 cells following MTT assay. The developed formulation resulted in an average particle size, surface charge, and encapsulation efficiency as70±6.5 nm,+10±1.5 mV, and85±4.0%, respectively. S6S-GNC showed an insignificant (P<0.05) change in the size and charge in the presence of buffer solutions (pH 6.4 to 8.4) and FBS (10% v/v). A549 cells were treated with native S6S, S6S-lipofectamine, placebo-GNC, and S6S-GNC using untreated cells as a control. It was observed that cell viability was decreased significantly with S6S-GNC by55±4.1%(P<0.001) compared to native S6S (2.0±0.55%) and S6S-lipofectamine complex (40±3.1%). This investigation infers that gelatin polymer-based nanocarriers are a robust, stable, and biocompatible strategy for the delivery of siRNA.

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Microencapsulation of a sunlight-curable silicon-based resin in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Pigment & Resin Technology ◽

10.1108/prt-04-2017-0040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 272-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amir Khalaj Asadi ◽

Morteza Ebrahimi ◽

Mohsen Mohseni

Keyword(s):

Average Particle Size ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Average Particle ◽

Agitation Rate ◽

Self Healing ◽

Simple Method ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Content Type ◽

Catalyst Free

Purpose The purpose of this investigation is to develop a facile method to encapsulate a sunlight-curable silicone-based resin into a melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) shell in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an emulsifier. These microcapsules can be used in self-healing coating formulations. Design/methodology/approach MUF microcapsules containing a sunlight-curable core (methacryloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, MAT-PDMS) have been fabricated by means of in situ polymerisation of an oil-in-water emulsion using PVP as an efficient and environmentally advantageous stabiliser. The effects of agitation rate and PVP concentration on the microencapsulation process have been investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical structure and thermal stability of the microcapsules have been studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The solvent resistance of the microcapsules has been determined as well. Findings It has been revealed that the pH of the reaction mixture remained almost constant during the reaction, which simplified the process. It has also been observed that the microencapsulation yield improved and the microcapsules’ surface morphology became smoother when a high PVP content was used. With an increase in stirring rate from 600 to 1,200 rpm, the surface roughness and the average particle size decreased. The mean diameter of the prepared microcapsules ranged from 32.1 to 327.1 µm depending on the synthesis conditions. It was demonstrated that the microcapsules had a high capacity for MAT-PDMS encapsulation (more than 88 Wt.%). The solvent stability of the microcapsules against different polar, semi-polar and non-polar solvents was also evaluated. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to the encapsulation of a hydrophobic and sunlight curable liquid (such as MAT-PDMS) by means of in situ polymerisation of amino resins. Practical implications The results can be used by researchers working on the fabrication of microcapsules for applications such as drugs, electrophoretic inks, electrophoretic displays, intumescent fire-retardant coatings and self-healing materials. Social implications In self-healing coatings, healing agents which can be cured by UV irradiation or sunlight are envisaged attractive because they are catalyst-free, environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive. PVP is an environmentally friendly emulsifier. The prepared microcapsules can be used in self-healing coatings to help in reducing maintenance costs for buildings and steel structures. Originality/value The novel aspect of this work is the development of a sunlight-curable silicone-based resin that was encapsulated in a MUF shell in the presence of PVP. A simple method was used to fabricate MUF microcapsules containing MAT-PDMS without the need to control pH during the reaction. Conventional methods for the preparation of amino resin microcapsules require an intensive and precise pH control to obtain favourable microcapsules. MAT-PDMS can be cured by sunlight and is catalyst-free, environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive.

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Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Ultrasonic Degraded Polysaccharide Complex

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24061097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yujie Li ◽

Dong Xiang ◽

Bo Wang ◽

Xiaoyue Gong

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Molecular Weight Distribution ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Average Particle ◽

Ultrasound Waves ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Propylene Glycol Alginate ◽

The Stability

The effects of ultrasound on the molecular weight distribution and emulsifying properties of both xanthan gum (XG) and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment at different intensities decreased the apparent viscosity and narrowed the molecular weight distribution. Higher intensity increased the effectivity of the sonochemical effect. Ultrasound degradation did not change the primary structure of the PGA-XG complex, and SEM analysis showed that the morphology of the original polysaccharide differed from that of the degraded polysaccharide fractions. The ultrasonic intensities and treatment times had a substantial influence on the stability of the polysaccharide-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The O/W emulsion stabilized by the polysaccharide treated with 270 W ultrasound waves for 7 min led to the smallest average particle size (detected via fluorescence microscopy) and showed stability against aggregation in O/W emulsions.

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Synthesis and Characterization of EC / BA / VAc Hybrid Latexes via Pre-Emulsified Semi-Continuous Seed Emulsion Polymerization

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.183 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 183-187

Author(s):

Yue Li ◽

Shui Jiao Liao ◽

Wei Bing Wu ◽

Da Zhen ◽

Zhi Dong Xiao

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Slow Release ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

The Stability ◽

Coated Fertilizer ◽

Seed Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Stability Of Emulsion

Hybrid latexes containing ethyl cellulose (EC), vinyl acetate (VAc) and butyl acrylate (BA) were prepared by pre-emulsified semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization. Inﬂuences of some synthetic parameters on the stability of emulsion polymerization were investigated. The emulsion polymerization is optimum with emulsifier 3 wt%, OP-10/ SDS 1/1 and PVA 0.5 g. The emulsion average particle size increases with EC content increase.TGA and water absorption analysis show that EC/ BA / VAc hybrid latexes films containing more BA display better thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The EC/BA/VAc latex shows good biodegradation, flexility property and is suitable for slow-release material of environmental-friendly coated fertilizer.

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Improving the Stability of Oil Body Emulsions from Diverse Plant Seeds Using Sodium Alginate

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24213856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 3856

Author(s):

Zhang ◽

Yang ◽

Wang ◽

Huang ◽

Nishinari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Average Particle ◽

High Concentration ◽

Aqueous Emulsion ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

The Stability ◽

Medium Method

In this study, peanut, sesame, and rapeseed oil bodies (OBs) were extracted by the aqueous medium method. The surface protein composition, microstructure, average particle size d4, 3, ζ-potential of the extracted OBs in aqueous emulsion were characterized. The stability of the OB emulsions was investigated. It was found that different OB emulsions contained different types and contents of endogenous and exogenous proteins. Aggregation at low pHs (<6) and creaming at high pHs (7 and 8) both occurred for all of three OB emulsions. Sodium alginate (ALG) was used to solve the instability of OB emulsions under different conditions—low concentration of ALG improved the stability of OB emulsions below and near the isoelectric point of the OBs, through electrostatic interaction. While a high concentration of ALG improved the OB emulsion stability through the viscosity effect at pH 7. The OB emulsions stabilized by ALG were salt-tolerant and freeze–thaw resistant.

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