scholarly journals Changes in serum biomarkers of inflammation in bovine besnoitiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David González-Barrio ◽  
Ana Huertas-López ◽  
Carlos Diezma-Díaz ◽  
Ignacio Ferre ◽  
José Joaquín Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Bovine Besnoitiosis ◽  
Serological Biomarkers

Abstract Background Acute and chronic besnoitiosis in extensive natural-service herds can have relevant effects in the health of bulls and negative consequences in their productive performance. Recent progress has been made in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. In this context, the study of biomarkers of inflammation in serum would contribute to gaining knowledge about the physiopathology of bovine besnoitiosis. Serological biomarkers could help in early diagnosis and prognosis, as seropositive bulls may have mild or severe testicular lesions. Methods Herein, we have investigated the diagnostic and/or prognostic value of a panel of serum (serological) biomarkers related to inflammation, including total protein, globulin and albumin, haptoglobin (Hp), adenosine deaminase (ADA) paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in naturally and experimentally B. besnoiti-infected males classified according to different clinical phases of the disease (acute, chronic and subclinical besnoitiosis). Results Results showed a similar response pattern in these biomarkers for naturally and experimentally infected cattle, with a few relevant variations. Most significant changes occurred during the acute phase of infection, although significant changes in a few biomarkers were also observed during the chronic infection. Haptoglobin, albumin, PON-1 and ADA were identified as the biomarkers that showed changes of higher magnitude in the acute phase of the infection, whereas high total protein and globulin values were found in chronically infected cattle. We have described the changes of a panel of inflammatory biomarkers of acute and chronic bovine besnoitiosis. Conclusions In summary, several biomarkers with promising diagnostic value have been identified. The biomarkers associated with acute infection are related to previously reported molecular biomarkers in testicular parenchyma of infected bulls and could help in the diagnosis of early infections and complement results from specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Use of fourth-generation rapid combined antigen and antibody diagnostic tests for the detection of acute HIV infection in a community centre for men who have sex with men, between 2016 and 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255065
Author(s):  
Jorge Saz ◽  
Albert Dalmau-Bueno ◽  
Michael Meulbroek ◽  
Ferran Pujol ◽  
Josep Coll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Sex With Men

Objective To assess the use of fourth-generation rapid diagnostic tests in identifying acute infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods BCN Checkpoint promotes sexual health among men who have sex with men (MSM), with a focus on diagnosing HIV early, initiating combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) promptly, and recommending regular repeat testing for those who have tested negative. This cross-sectional study included all test results obtained at the centre between 25 March 2016 and 24 March 2019. The Alere™ HIV Combo (now rebranded to Determine™ HIV Ultra, from Abbott) was used to detect p24 antigen (p24 Ag) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies to HIV-1/HIV-2 (HIV Ab). Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmatory testing and Western blot (WB) were performed for clients with a positive rapid test result. Confirmed HIV cases were promptly referred to the HIV unit for care and cART prescription. Results A total of 12,961 clients attended BCN Checkpoint during the study and 27,298 rapid tests were performed. 450 tests were found to be reactive, of which 430 confirmed as HIV-positive, representing a prevalence of 3.32%. Four confirmed cases (0.93%) were detected as “p24 Ag only”, nine (2.09%) as “both p24 and HIV Ab” and 417 (96.98%) as “HIV Ab only”. The “p24 Ag only” group had a 1-log higher viral load than the other groups and initiated treatment on the following working day. Overall, there were 20 false-positive results (0.07% and 4.44% of total and reactive tests, respectively), of which 10 positive for “p24 Ag only” and 10 for “HIV Ab only”. Conclusions Four Acute HIV Infections (AHI), with very high viral loads, have been detected with the “p24 Ag only” while the HIV Ab were still absent. Referral to the HIV unit and initiation of cART on the following working day contributed to improving persons’ health and to reduce HIV transmission chain.

scholarly journals Effects of betamethasone on the course of experimentai. Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G.C. Abath ◽  
Yara M. Gomes ◽  
Eridan M. Coutinho ◽  
Silvia M.L. Montenegro ◽  
Maria E.B. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Experimental Group

In this experiment, the effect of betamethasone administered in the early post- acute infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi was studied. This drug was administered during 30 days after the 42nd day of infection in a dose of 0.15 mg/day. The betamethasone treatment did not cause fresh outbreaks of parasitemia and the histopathological findings in the chronic phase were not different from those in the control group. The higher cumulative mortality after treatment in the experimental group was due to superimposed bacterial infections. Outbred albino mice infected with low numbers ofY strain Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were not suitable models for Chagas' disease, since after 7 months of observation only mild histological lesions developed in all the animais. Prolonged betamethasone treatment of mice infected with low numbers o/Trypanosoma cruzi of the Y strain, during the post-acute phase did not aggravate the course of infection.

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Responses in Children with Rotavirus Diarrhea Can Serve as Proxy for Protection

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
P. Dennehy ◽  
H. Keyserling ◽  
L. E. Westerman ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

ABSTRACT We examined sera from 42 patients 1 to 30 months of age for rotavirus immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG, and IgG subclasses and sought to determine if serum antibody could serve as a reliable marker for prediction of disease severity. Infants in the first few months of life usually had high maternal IgG titers and, when they were infected with rotavirus, had low IgM titers or no IgM in acute-phase sera and poor seroconversions 3 weeks later, suggesting that maternal antibodies had inhibited viral replication and antibody responses. All patients ≥6 months of age had IgM in acute-phase sera, indicating that IgM is a good marker for acute rotavirus infection. IgG was the best overall predictor of an infection, as the convalescent-phase sera of 81% of the patients had a fourfold rise in the IgG titer. IgA titers in convalescent-phase sera and conversion rates were higher among patients ≥12 months of age than among children younger than 12 months. IgG1 was the predominant subclass detected in the acute-phase sera of some children and in all 28 convalescent-phase serum samples examined. Patients with preexisting acute-phase IgG titers of ≥100 or ≥200 had diarrhea that was less severe or of a shorter duration. These results indicate that serum IgG is the most reliable marker for seroconversion and is a consistent proxy for protection against severe disease.

scholarly journals Significance of a Positive Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin M Test Result in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 3601-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshika Dhakal ◽  
Kiran Gajurel ◽  
Christelle Pomares ◽  
Jeanne Talucod ◽  
Cynthia J. Press ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type

A positiveToxoplasmaimmunoglobulin M (IgM) result is often interpreted as a marker of an acute infection. However, IgM can persist for several years, andToxoplasmacommercial IgM diagnostic test kits can yield a number of false-positive results. For these reasons, a chronicToxoplasmainfection can be erroneously classified as an acute infection, resulting in serious adverse consequences, especially in pregnant women, leading to emotional distress and unnecessary interventions, including termination of pregnancy. Interpretation ofToxoplasmaserology at a reference laboratory can help differentiate a recently acquired infection from a chronic infection. Serological test results for 451 patients with positiveToxoplasmaIgM and IgG test results obtained at nonreference laboratories (NRLs) that were referred to Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory (PAMF-TSL) to determine whether the patient was acutely or chronically infected were retrospectively reviewed. PAMF-TSL results established that of the 451 patients, 335 (74%) had a chronic infection, 100 (22%) had an acute infection, and 7 (2%) were not infected, and for 9 (2%), results were indeterminate. PositiveToxoplasmaIgM and IgG test results obtained at NRLs cannot accurately distinguish between acute and chronic infections. To do so, testing at reference laboratories is required, as mandated in 1997 in a letter from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to clinicians and laboratories in the United States.

Strenuous exercise: analogous to the acute-phase response?

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Weight ◽  
Donald Alexander ◽  
Peter Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

1. It has been suggested that the physiological consequences of strenuous exercise are analogous to those of the acute-phase response. 2. In 70 male and 20 female competitive distance runners, a marked, but transient, neutrophil leucocytosis occurred immediately after these athletes completed a standard (42 km) marathon race. Concomitant significant increases were noted in the plasma cortisol levels, creatine kinase activity, C-reactive protein level, total protein level and albumin level (P <0.01). 3. The plasma fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and total protein concentrations were markedly increased both 24 h and 48 h after exercise (P <0.01). The serum haptoglobin level was significantly decreased after exercise (P <0.01), and increased 48 h later (P <0.05). There was no change in the serum iron level, total iron-binding capacity, per cent saturation of transferrin and serum ferritin level. 4. A significant increase in interleukin-1-type activity was demonstrated immediately and 24 h after exercise (P <0.01). 5. It is concluded that the metabolic sequelae of sustained exercise are similar, but not analogous, to the acute-phase response, and interleukin-1 probably plays a significant role in linking the haematological and immunological changes observed after sustained strenuous exercise.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Response in Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
M. GUSEL ◽  
M. TUTUNCU ◽  
H. ALBAYRAK ◽  
E. OZAN ◽  
R. KOC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Bovine Leukosis ◽  
Hematologic Examination

In the present study, we evaluated acute phase response by detecting haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). A total of 60 Holstein cattle (≤3 years old), comprisingof 40 cattle infected with BLV, and 20 BLV-free healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of the BLV infection was performed by serology (ELISA and AGID) and PCR techniques. APPs were detected by commercial ELISA test kits using validated standard procedures as instructed. All the BLV-infected cattle were in good general health and had normal respiratory rates, pulse rates, body temperatures. However, 5 cattle had enlarged, hard, painless, movable superficial lymph nodes in infected group. APPs including Hp (p<0.001), fibrinogen (p<0.001), and SAA (p<0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in cattle with EBL compared to BLV-free cattle. On hematologic examination, total leukocyte, lymphocyte and granulocytes concentrations were significantly higher in infected cattle when compared tocontrols. In addition, Hp and SAA (p<0. 001) concentrations were significantly higher in symptomatic cattle than asymptomatic. The Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between APPs and total leukocyte and granulocytes; however, there was no correlation with lymphocyte. In conclusion, the results of this study showed increased acute phase response in BLV infected cattle.

scholarly journals Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0240784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Townsend ◽  
Adam H. Dyer ◽  
Karen Jones ◽  
Jean Dunne ◽  
Aoife Mooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Persistent Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom in those presenting with symptomatic COVID-19 infection. However, it is unknown if COVID-19 results in persistent fatigue in those recovered from acute infection. We examined the prevalence of fatigue in individuals recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 illness using the Chalder Fatigue Score (CFQ-11). We further examined potential predictors of fatigue following COVID-19 infection, evaluating indicators of COVID-19 severity, markers of peripheral immune activation and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Of 128 participants (49.5 ± 15 years; 54% female), more than half reported persistent fatigue (67/128; 52.3%) at median of 10 weeks after initial COVID-19 symptoms. There was no association between COVID-19 severity (need for inpatient admission, supplemental oxygen or critical care) and fatigue following COVID-19. Additionally, there was no association between routine laboratory markers of inflammation and cell turnover (leukocyte, neutrophil or lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein) or pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-6 or sCD25) and fatigue post COVID-19. Female gender and those with a pre-existing diagnosis of depression/anxiety were over-represented in those with fatigue. Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of post-viral fatigue in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after the acute phase of COVID-19 illness. This study highlights the importance of assessing those recovering from COVID-19 for symptoms of severe fatigue, irrespective of severity of initial illness, and may identify a group worthy of further study and early intervention.

scholarly journals PSV-35 Correlation of acute-phase blood proteins level and quality and cryostability of sperm in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 337-338
Author(s):  
Mikhail Atroshchenko ◽  
Mariya Engalycheva ◽  
Anna Kudlaeva ◽  
Elena Borodkina ◽  
Mariya Fomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hypothermic Storage

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the relationship between acute phase indicators of a biochemical blood test with the quality and cryostability sperm in stallions. Semen from 59 stallions (aged from 5 to 15 years) were collected during the breeding season (February–May). Blood plasma samples were studied using a Vegasys automatic biochemical analyzer (Analyzer Medical System, Italy). The following parameters were determined in blood plasma: total protein, level of albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen. Each sperm sample was evaluated by volume, concentration, total sperm, as well as progressive motility and survival of sperm in chilled and thawed sperm during hypothermic storage at +40С. The normality of the distribution of quantitative traits was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For each of the indicators, the Spearman coefficient was calculated. Significance of differences was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test, the results were statistically significant at P ≤0.05. The concentration of biochemical parameters in blood serum averaged: total protein - 67.4 ± 0.7 g/l, albumin - 39.4±0.6 g/l, globulins - 28.4±0.8 g/l, C reactive protein - 0.3±0.1 mg/l, fibrinogen - 3.1±0.1 g/l. A significant negative correlation between the plasma fibrinogen and sperm survival during hypothermic storage (at +4ºС) of chilled (r=0.48; P &lt; 0.001) sperm and progressive sperm motility after thawing (r =-0.29; &lt; 0.05) was found. We suggest that an increase in the level of fibrinogen in the blood may indicate the presence of latent inflammatory, immuno-mediated processes in the body, including those affecting the quality and cryostability of sperm in stallions. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 20-16-00101, development program of Bioresource collections “Cryobank of genetic recourses the All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding.”

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