scholarly journals Sex and age interaction in fundamental circulatory volumetric variables at peak working capacity

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candela Diaz-Canestro ◽  
David Montero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Cardiac Filling

Abstract Background Whether the fundamental hematological and cardiac variables determining cardiorespiratory fitness and their intrinsic relationships are modulated by major constitutional factors, such as sex and age remains unresolved. Methods Transthoracic echocardiography, central hemodynamics and pulmonary oxygen (O2) uptake were assessed in controlled conditions during submaximal and peak exercise (cycle ergometry) in 85 healthy young (20–44 year) and older (50–77) women and men matched by age-status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels. Main outcomes such as peak left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDVpeak), stroke volume (SVpeak), cardiac output (Qpeak) and O2 uptake (VO2peak), as well as blood volume (BV), BV–LVEDVpeak and LVEDVpeak–SVpeak relationships were determined with established methods. Results All individuals were non-smokers and non-obese, and MVPA levels were similar between sex and age groups (P ≥ 0.140). BV per kg of body weight did not differ between sexes (P ≥ 0.118), but was reduced with older age in men (P = 0.018). Key cardiac parameters normalized by body size (LVEDVpeak, SVpeak, Qpeak) were decreased in women compared with men irrespective of age (P ≤ 0.046). Older age per se curtailed Qpeak (P ≤ 0.022) due to lower heart rate (P < 0.001). In parallel, VO2peak was reduced with older age in both sexes (P < 0.001). The analysis of fundamental circulatory relationships revealed that older women require a higher BV for a given LVEDVpeak than older men (P = 0.024). Conclusions Sex and age interact on the crucial circulatory relationship between total circulating BV and peak cardiac filling, with older women necessitating more BV to fill the exercising heart than age- and physical activity-matched men.

Does fitness level modulate the cardiovascular hemodynamic response to exercise?

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1895-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Stickland ◽  
Robert C. Welsh ◽  
Stewart R. Petersen ◽  
John V. Tyberg ◽  
William D. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Diastolic Compliance ◽  
Cardiac Filling ◽  
Response To Exercise

Subjects with greater aerobic fitness demonstrate better diastolic compliance at rest, but whether fitness modulates exercise cardiac compliance and cardiac filling pressures remains to be determined. On the basis of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max), healthy male subjects were categorized into either low (LO: V̇o2max = 43 ± 6 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 3) or high (HI: V̇o2max = 60 ± 3 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 5) aerobic power. Subjects performed incremental cycle exercise to 90% V̇o2max. Right atrial (RAP) and pulmonary artery wedge (PAWP) pressures were measured, and left ventricular (LV) transmural filling pressure (TMFP = PAWP − RAP) was calculated. Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were determined by direct Fick, and LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was estimated from echocardiographic fractional area change and Fick SV. There were no between-group differences for any measure at rest. At a submaximal workload of 150 W, PAWP and TMFP were higher ( P < 0.05) in LO compared with HI (12 vs. 8 mmHg, and 9 vs. 4 mmHg, respectively). At peak exercise, CO, SV, and EDV were lower in LO ( P < 0.05). RAP was not different at peak exercise, but PAWP (23 vs. 15 mmHg) and TMFP (12 vs. 6 mmHg) were higher in LO ( P < 0.05). Compared with less fit subjects, subjects with greater aerobic fitness demonstrated lower LV filling pressures during exercise, whereas SV and EDV were either similar (submaximal exercise) or higher (peak exercise), suggesting superior diastolic function and compliance.

scholarly journals Subjective and objective characteristics of physical activity in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Sergey Cherkasov ◽  
Marina Shapovalova ◽  
Yuriy Boyko ◽  
Anna Fedyaeva ◽  
Alexander Shiroky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Activity Comparison ◽  
Parametric And Nonparametric Statistics

Physical activity is often considered as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle and is required to be studied in detail. It is especially important to study this issue in reference to the population of older age groups. The aim of the research was to analyse subjective and objective characteristics of physical activity in population of older age groups. Methods of sociological survey, parametric and nonparametric statistics were used in the work. Data on the characteristics of physical activity were obtained on the basis of a study of 1,045 subjects of both genders aged 60 years and older. The participants of the survey did not have any kinds of disability and were not engaged in any sport activities. According to the results of the study, the age of the men and women was the determinant of assessing a level of physical activity. The average level of physical activity prevailed in men aged 60–74 years. Low levels of physical activity prevailed in men aged 75 years and older. Women had mostly low levels of physical activity. Comparison of subjective and objective characteristics of physical activity showed a significant overestimation of subjective characteristics of high levels of physical activity and underestimation of the prevalence of low levels of physical activity in both men and women. As a result of gender comparisons, it was revealed that men aged 60–74 years overestimated their level of physical activity by a fourfold, while women were more objective assessing their level of physical activity.

Use of the Frank-Starling mechanism during submaximal versus maximal upright exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1101-H1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Plotnick ◽  
L. C. Becker ◽  
M. L. Fisher ◽  
G. Gerstenblith ◽  
D. G. Renlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Blood Pool Scintigraphy ◽  
End Systolic Volume

To evaluate the extent to which the Frank-Starling mechanism is utilized during successive stages of vigorous upright exercise, absolute left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction were determined by gated blood pool scintigraphy at rest and during multilevel maximal upright bicycle exercise in 30 normal males aged 26-50 yr, who were able to exercise to 125 W or greater. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output were calculated at rest and during each successive 3-min stage of exercise [25, 50, 75, 100, and 125–225 W (peak)]. During early exercise (25 W), end-diastolic and stroke volumes increased (+17 +/- 1 and +31 +/- 4%, respectively), with no change in end-systolic volume. With further exercise (50–75 W) end-diastolic volume remained unchanged as end-systolic volume decreased (-12 +/- 4 and -24 + 5%, respectively). At peak exercise end-diastolic volume decreased to resting level, stroke volume remained at a plateau, and end-systolic volume further decreased (-48 +/- 7%). Thus the Frank-Starling mechanism is used early in exercise, perhaps because of a delay in sympathetic mobilization, and does not appear to play a role in the later stages of vigorous exercise.

scholarly journals Objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels among primary school children in Norway: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hai Deng ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Aims: The objective was to investigate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (MVPA) of primary school children at baseline of the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP), Norway. Methods: Data on 2123 children aged 6–12 years were included for analysis (75% participation rate). Average minutes per day in MVPA was objectively measured using accelerometry based on seven-day averages. The sample was analysed for age-, sex-, socioeconomic-, and season-related patterns. A linear regression investigated the moderating effect of these factors as well as body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Some 86.5% of the sample had at least 60 min/day MVPA, averaging 90.7 min/day. The main differences in daily averages were between age groups 6½–9 and 10–12 ( p < .05). Boys (95.8 min/day, 95% CI: 94.1–97.5) were more active than girls (85.6 min/day, 95% CI: 83.9–87.2) in all age groups ( p < .0001). MVPA was lower by 3.5 min ( p < .0001) per additional year of age in the linear regression (R2 = 0.176) and was reduced by 20 min less per day in MVPA in the winter months compared with the summer months ( p < .0001). Conclusions: Physical activity levels are already in decline from 6–7 years old and are likely to continue to decline into adolescence. Interventions must therefore focus on primary school children.

Blood withdrawal acutely impairs cardiac filling, output and aerobic capacity in proportion to induced hypovolemia in middle-aged and older women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Candela Diaz-Canestro ◽  
Brandon Pentz ◽  
Arshia Sehgal ◽  
David Montero
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Blood Withdrawal ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Cardiac Filling

Blood donation entails acute reductions of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy men. Whether these effects can be extrapolated to blood donor populations comprising women remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess the acute impact of blood withdrawal on cardiac function, central hemodynamics and aerobic capacity in women throughout the mature adult lifespan. Transthoracic echocardiography and O2 uptake were assessed at rest and throughout incremental exercise (cycle ergometry) in healthy women (n = 30, age: 47–77 yr). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q̇) and peak O2 uptake (V̇O2peak), and blood volume (BV) were determined with established methods. Measurements were repeated following a 10% reduction of BV within a week period. Individuals were non-smokers, non-obese and moderately fit (V̇O2peak = 31.4 ± 7.3 mL·min–1·kg–1). Hematocrit and BV ranged from 38.0 to 44.8% and from 3.8 to 6.6 L, respectively. The standard 10% reduction in BV resulted in 0.5 ± 0.1 L withdrawal of blood, which did not alter hematocrit (P = 0.953). Blood withdrawal substantially reduced cardiac LVEDV and SV at rest as well as during incremental exercise (≥10% decrements, P ≤ 0.009). Peak Q̇ was proportionally decreased after blood withdrawal (P < 0.001). Blood withdrawal induced a 10% decrement in V̇O2peak (P < 0.001). In conclusion, blood withdrawal impairs cardiac filling, Q̇ and aerobic capacity in proportion to the magnitude of hypovolemia in healthy mature women. Novelty: The filling of the heart and therefore cardiac output are impaired by blood withdrawal in women. Oxygen delivery and aerobic capacity are reduced in proportion to blood withdrawal.

Abstract P232: Poor Lower Extremity Physical Function Increases Risk For Heart Failure In Older Women: The OPACH Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bellettiere ◽  
Andrea Z LaCroix ◽  
Chongzhi Di ◽  
Charles Eaton ◽  
Michael J Lamonte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: A hallmark of clinically manifest heart failure (HF) is reduced levels of exercise tolerance and physical function. It is unclear, however, whether an association exists between poor physical function and future development of HF, particularly at older ages. Methods: Women (n=5327; mean±SD age = 79±7) with no history of HF completed the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to measure physical function. The SPPB consists of three timed tasks that assess standing balance (with 3 progressively difficult balance tests), strength (with 5 unassisted chair stands), and gait (with a 4m usual-pace walk), and is scored 0 (worst) to 12 (best). Four previously-defined categories were used: very low (SPPB 0-3; n=237); low (4-6; n=900), moderate (7-9; n=2139), and high (10-12; n=1767; referent group). Women were followed for up to 8 years for incident physician-adjudicated HF hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, COPD, osteoarthritis, depression, BMI, and accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time. Results: The number of HF cases (crude rate/1000 person-years) across the above SPPB categories (very low to high) were 41 (33.5), 78 (15.5), 96 (7.8), and 41 (4.0). Covariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 3.39 (2.05-5.84), 2.20 (1.47-3.31), 1.74 (1.20-2.51) and 1.00 (ref), trend P<.001. After additional adjustment for MVPA and sedentary time, the fully-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 2.85 (1.71-4.75), 1.94 (1.29-2.93), 1.61 (1.10, 2.32) and 1.00 (ref), trend P<.001. When modeled continuously (per 3-unit decrement in SPPB score), fully-adjusted associations were consistent over stratum of age (<80: HR=1.72; ≥80: HR=1.56; interaction P=.05), race-ethnicity (white: HR=1.59; black: HR=1.59; Hispanic: HR=1.18; P=.57), and accelerometer-measured total physical activity (<5.6 hr/d: HR=1.54; ≥5.6 hr/d: HR=1.51; P=.81). Conclusions: A significant inverse association between SPPB score and HF incidence was observed in ambulatory older women, independent of age, physical activity levels, and other HF predictors. Physical function is a modifiable factor that may be important for HF prevention in later life.

scholarly journals Association Between Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Vigorous Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 1723-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. de la Chica ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Talavera ◽  
Jose M. García-Ruiz ◽  
Ines García-Lunar ◽  
Belén Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction

scholarly journals Can traditional games be an option in increasing the physical activity of women following mastectomy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bronikowska ◽  
Michał Bronikowski ◽  
Agata Glapa ◽  
Bartosz Prabucki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Ring Net

SummaryStudy aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86).Material and methods: PA was assessed using a questionnaire, and the number of steps taking during 30-minute periods was measured using pedometers during each of the games. Exertion was evaluated using Borg’s Scale.Results: there was no difference in levels of coherence between the age groups. The group of younger women were statistically more active (M = 3.34 days/week) than the older group (M = 2.77 days/week). All the games were evaluated to be of light intensity, with ringo perceived as being statistically more fatiguing in the over 50 age group. The highest number of steps was performed during the game of ring-net-ball (M = 1903 steps/30 min) in both age groups, with older women performing statistically more steps. Similar situations were observed in the cases of pétanque and speedminton. In ringo, the situation was reversed. The lowest number of steps was recorded in pétanque in the younger age group (M = 296 steps/30 min).Conclusion: this study indicates that in the rehabilitation and recovery process after mastectomy, traditional games could be a bridging link between exercising and sports as they provide not just activity but also a unique and valuable social context.

Gender, Age, and Educational-Attainment Differences in Australian Adults’ Participation in Vigorous Sporting and Fitness Activities

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Leslie ◽  
Ester Cerin ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
Alexis St. George ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Background:Participation in regular vigorous physical activity could confer health benefits additional to those derived from moderate-intensity physical activities that are currently the focus of public health strategies.Methods:Sociodemographic differences in reported participation in vigorous sporting and fitness activities over the past 2 weeks were examined using cross-sectional data from an Australian urban population sample.Results:Participation at least once in any form of vigorous physical activity and regular participation (six or more sessions) both decreased across successive age groups and from high to low levels of education. The most frequently reported types of vigorous physical activity were cycling (13.3%), jogging (10.1%), swimming (8.4%) for men; and swimming (8.9%), cycling (8.8%) and aerobics (8.6%) for women.Conclusion:Rates of regular participation in vigorous activities were low. Interventions might focus on ways to encourage younger adults to engage more regularly in these activities and to maintain participation through the lifespan.

scholarly journals Functional fitness and body composition of active older women in different age categories

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ogonowska-Słodownik ◽  
Eliza Maria Bober ◽  
Bartosz Molik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is one of the basic elements that affect functional performance and body composition. The age may result in adverse changes in these parameters. The study aimed to compare the functional fitness and body composition in physically active women over 60 years old in different age groups and determine the relationship between those two components. Material and methods: The study participants attended gymnastic classes at the University of Third Age of Warsaw University of Technology. A total of 39 women were examined in three age categories - 60-64 years (13 women), 65-69 years (13 women), 70-74 years (13 women). The study used the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) to assess functional fitness. Body composition was tested using a device Tanita BC 420. Results: Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant (p≤0.05) differences in functional fitness and body composition between women of different age groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was found for Back Scratch test with BMI and percentage of body fat and a positive with muscle mass. Additionally, 8-ft up-and-go test positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat and negatively with muscle mass. Conclusions: Regular physical activity allows to maintain the level of functional fitness in older women. Element requiring additional commitment are flexibility exercises. The study confirmed the relationship between body composition and functional fitness of older women.

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