Subjective and objective characteristics of physical activity in older adults

Physical activity is often considered as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle and is required to be studied in detail. It is especially important to study this issue in reference to the population of older age groups. The aim of the research was to analyse subjective and objective characteristics of physical activity in population of older age groups. Methods of sociological survey, parametric and nonparametric statistics were used in the work. Data on the characteristics of physical activity were obtained on the basis of a study of 1,045 subjects of both genders aged 60 years and older. The participants of the survey did not have any kinds of disability and were not engaged in any sport activities. According to the results of the study, the age of the men and women was the determinant of assessing a level of physical activity. The average level of physical activity prevailed in men aged 60–74 years. Low levels of physical activity prevailed in men aged 75 years and older. Women had mostly low levels of physical activity. Comparison of subjective and objective characteristics of physical activity showed a significant overestimation of subjective characteristics of high levels of physical activity and underestimation of the prevalence of low levels of physical activity in both men and women. As a result of gender comparisons, it was revealed that men aged 60–74 years overestimated their level of physical activity by a fourfold, while women were more objective assessing their level of physical activity.

PREDICTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENTS

Метаболический синдром - это хорошо известное явление среди взрослых. Данные многочисленных клинических исследований показали, что метаболический синдром начинается в детстве и прослеживается в дальнейшей жизни. Цель исследования. Изучение распространенности повышенной массы тела, ожирения и выявление предикторов развития метаболического синдрома среди подростков 12-17 лет в г. Алматы. Материалы и методы. В данном исследовании показаны результаты обследования 800 подростков в поликлиниках №10 и №29 города Алматы, в возрасте от 12 до 17 лет, на предмет выявления предикторов метаболического синдрома. Статистическая обработка полученных данных осуществлялась с помощью программы MS Excel c применением методов описательной, параметрической и непараметрической статистики. Результаты исследования. Установлено, что предикторами метаболического синдрома у подростков являются показатели ХО (r 0,103), ЛПНП (r 0,39), ЛПВП (r 0,3), ТГ (r 0,03) и глюкозы натощак (r 2,22), что подчеркивает роль врачей первичного звена и, в первую очередь, врачей педиатров и эндокринологов. Из общего числа подростков избыточная масса тела и ожирение независимо от пола превалировала в возрасте 13-14 лет (28,6 - 38,8% (66)). Выводы. Ранняя диагностика предикторов развития метаболического синдрома в подростковом возрасте и применение в первичном звене профилактических и лечебных мероприятий поможет предупредить возникновение осложнений в будущем. Metabolic syndrome is a well-known phenomenon among adults. Data from numerous clinical studies have shown that the metabolic syndrome begins in childhood and can be traced the rest of the life. Research objective. To study the prevalence of overweight, obesity and to identify predictors of the development of metabolic syndrome among adolescents aged 12-17 years in Almaty. Materials and methods. This study shows the results of a survey of 800 adolescents in polyclinics №10 and №29 in Almaty, aged 12 to 17 years, to identify predictors of metabolic syndrome. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the MS Excel program using the methods of descriptive, parametric and nonparametric statistics. Results. It was found that the predictors of metabolic syndrome in adolescents are indicators of HТ (r 0.103), LDL (r 0.39), HDL (r 0.3), T (r 0.03) and fasting glucose (r 2.22), which emphasizes the role of primary care physicians and, first of all, pediatricians and endocrinologists. Of the total number of adolescents, overweight and obesity, regardless of gender, prevailed at the age of 13-14 years (28,6 - 38,8% (66)). Conclusion. Early diagnosis of development of predictors of metabolic syndrome in adolescence and the use of preventive and therapeutic measures in the primary link will help prevent the occurrence of complications in the future.

FORMING IDEAL 30 METER RUNNING TECHNIQUE IN 12-YEAR-OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN

Aim. The article aims to achieve the accuracy of space-time characteristics of a running step in 11–12-year-old schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The article provides a comparative analysis of the results of training and improving the running step in the control and experimental groups. For an objective instrumental assessment of the second stage of training, a structural phase biomechanical analysis of movements based on data from high-speed digital video recording with a frequency of 240 frames per second was used. Changes in the technique of the running step in schoolchildren were analyzed in the take-off phase (when the supporting leg pushed away from the surface of the treadmill), in the float phase and in the amortization phase. Methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used. Results. In schoolchildren from the experi­mental group, a statistically significant positive increase in the coefficients of the relationship of the angular characteristics of the running step with the model indicators of the American sprinter Ryan Bailey was achieved, which objectively reflects a significant increase in 30 meter running speed. Conclusion. Taking into account the natural rules of nervous system mechanisms made it possible to objectively increase the efficiency of running technique in the experimental group.

Interprofessional Education: Are we ready for it?

Interprofessional education arose as a solution to the increasing healthcare challenges occurring worldwide, however, its practice is mostly lacking in developing countries like Pakistan where the concept of IPE has yet to be formally established. The objective of this study was to assess the readiness of dental and medical postgraduates for interprofessional education and explore whether there is a difference in readiness with respect to discipline, gender, and training level. It was a cross-sectional survey was conducted at Fatima Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine and Dentistry, from August 2019 to September 2019, using the ‘readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS) which was to be scored on a 5 point Likert scale. Participants included all 178 postgraduate trainees enrolled in different FCPS programs at the institute. Data were interpreted using descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric statistics.

SAMPLES DISTINCTION BY PARAMETRIC AND NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS IN SPSS

Testing samples distinction is necessary in a wide range of practical tasks. Medicine, sociology, psychology, marketing - this is a short list of industries where it is required to conduct tests that establish effectiveness or inefficiency of a certain technology.Diversity of situations and techniques applied to sample distinction create a problem for compliance of testing procedures. The problem rises for tests including large and small samples (dependent or independent) with various distributions. The article proposes a list of problems created by testing differences between two samples. Limits of applicability of parametric and non-parametric tests are established based on selected distribution. Informative examples are included based on simulated data.SPSS software was used for sample distinction tests. It is important to double-check the operation of the machine computing procedure "manually” to understand the nature of tests and in educational purposes. The article provides mathematical illustration for the algorithms used, which can be considered as supplementary information for SPSS help.

THE ROLE OF PERSONAL ASSISTANT IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

The aim of the paper is to examine the need for a personal assistant in young people with disabilities. The sample of respondents consisted of young people with disabilities, chronologically aged 18-35, both genders, 50 of them, selected by random selection method from the Tuzla Canton area. The data obtained by the research were processed using the method of parametric and nonparametric statistics. Frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency are calculated (arithmetic mean, standard deviation). The results obtained showed that there is a need for a personal assistant for young people with disabilities.

PERCEPTION OF ADAPTATION OF A SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT FOR SUCCESSFUL MOVEMENT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

The aim of the paper is to show differences in the accessibility of the environment between young people with disabilities and young people without disabilities. The sample of respondents consisted of two sub-samples. The first sub-sample was composed of young people with disabilities, chronologically aged 18-35, both sexes 50 of them. The second subsample consisted of young people without disabilities, chronologically aged 18-35, both sexes 50 of them, selected by random selection method from the Tuzla Canton area. The data obtained by the research were processed using the method of parametric and nonparametric statistics. Frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency are calculated (arithmetic mean, standard deviation). To investigate the differences between the tested variables, p-values were used, and variance analysis was used to test the significance of the differences. The obtained results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the adaptability of space and the accessibility of the environment between young people with disabilities and young people without disabilities. Young people with disabilities are the worst evaluators of the accessibility of public transport and the environment, and the best evaluators of accessibility of housing.

DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT BETWEEN THE YOUTH WITH INVALIDITY AND THE YOUTH WITHOUT INVALIDITY

The aim of this paper was to identify differences in the perception of social support for young people with and without disabilities in the age of 18-35 in the Tuzla Canton. The sample of examinees consists of two sub-classes. The first subsample is made of young people with disabilities, chronological age 18-35, both sexes (N = 50). The second subsample consists of young people with no disabilities, chronological age 18-35, both sexes (N = 50). The data obtained by the research were processed by the method of parametric and nonparametric statistics. The frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) are calculated. P-values were used to investigate the differences between the examined variables, and the variance analysis was used to investigate the significance of differences. The results of research on differences in the perception of social support among young people with disabilities and young people without disabilities show that there is a statistically significant difference in the most applied variables. Based on the results obtained in the case of youth with disabilities, it would be advisable to start with integration into social life at all levels.