scholarly journals Control and eradication of bovine trichomonosis in Wyoming, USA by testing and culling positive bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Us States ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Control And Eradication

AbstractBovine trichomonosis is caused by Tritrichomonas foetus. Thirty-three US states have state rules on this disease and render it reportable due to potential huge economic losses to cattle industry. The various rules of different states generally mandate testing and culling T. foetus-positive bulls as well as prohibiting import of T. foetus-positive animals. Wyoming has enforced these rules for over 20 year beginning in 2000. From 2017 to 2019, 3 years in a row, not even one T. foetus-positive bull has been detected throughout the entire state among over ten thousand bulls tested annually. Wyoming is the first US state to achieve total control and eradication of bovine trichomonosis by testing and culling T. foetus-positive bulls.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with bovine trichomoniasis in beef cattle identified by a questionnaire

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinzhu Jin ◽  
Brant Schumaker ◽  
Jim Logan ◽  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Usa

Bovine trichomoniasis is a venereal disease that causes substantial economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. It has been endemic in the USA since its discovery in the 1930s. The reasons for this long-lasting endemism are poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to identify herd-level risk factors for trichomoniasis in Wyoming beef cattle. A questionnaire was sent to all Wyoming beef cattle producers. The overall response proportion was 23.4 %. Questionnaires were returned from producers throughout the state in different geographical regions and with various herd sizes. In total, 863 questionnaires were analysed for correlation between the disease endemism and 25 variables. Tritrichomonas foetus infections were found to be significantly (P<0.05) associated with neighbouring a positive herd(s), grazing on public allotments and commingling with other herds. In addition, a delay in fixing broken fences approached statistical significance (P = 0.078). This study provides producers with valuable information and useful suggestions on how to effectively control and reduce the risks of bovine trichomoniasis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu Province, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
Guang-Yao Song ◽  
Qi-Dong Tan ◽  
Jin-Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract Background Little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China is available. Therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Results Parasites were detected in 290 of 733 (39.56%) faecal samples. The results showed that Strongylidae, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected all year round, Strongyloides papillosus was detected in autumn and summer, and Nematodirus spp. was detected in both autumn and spring. In contrast, Fasciola spp. was only detected in spring. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections in different seasons were significantly different. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu, China. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, specifically GN infections, in yaks in GTAP and these infections can cause economic losses to the local cattle industry.

scholarly journals Antibody Survey of Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Bali Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa ◽  
Luh Made Sudimartini ◽  
I Wayan Wirata
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
The Village

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) or malignant diarrhea in cattle is one of the animal diseases that causes economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. The biggest economic loss due to infection by Bovine Viral Diarrhea is related to reproductive and calf disorders that continue to transmit the virus to other cattle. This study aims to determine the presence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea antibodies in Bali cattle. The sample uses Bali cattle’s blood from 30 cows that are accommodated in 2 tubes that contain anti-coagulant and which do not contain anti-coagulant. After being processed to get serum, plasma and buffy coat cells, then the samples were examined using the ELISA method and presented descriptively. The results showed that there were positive suspects in Sobangan village, Badung with 8 out of 15 samples (53%) and positive suspects in the village of Payangan, Gianyar with 3 out of 15 samples (20%). Positive results are influenced by biosecurity of each type of sample farm, in Sobangan village is a large farm so biosecurity is difficult to implement and the spread of disease is faster than in Payangan village that have small farm type.

scholarly journals Economic Losses’ Estimation of carcass and Organ Condemnations From Slaughter Cattle in Thailand, Pará State, Brazilian Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Gerlane Nunes Noronha ◽  
Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos ◽  
Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira ◽  
Alexandre Do Rosário Casseb ◽  
Andréia Santana Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
National Program ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Control And Eradication

The article identifies the main pathologies found and estimates the economic losses generated in a slaughterhouse in the Thailand municipality, Pará, during the period from March 2010 to October 2014. 55,169 animals were slaughtered, with total economic losses of R$ 1,221,035.90 and ischemia was the most frequent lesion (41.86%). The most frequent condemnation organs were lungs (48.75%), kidneys (41.66%) and liver (3.61%), which produced economic loss of R$ 76,405.65 (6.26%). Tuberculosis was the main cause of carcass condemnation, responsible for R$ 872,783.64 of economic losses. The bovine tuberculosis control can begin in production, with examinations on the farm to slaughter lines, with careful carcass inspection, as advocated by the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), which increases disease control and minimizes condemnations and economic losses at slaughter.

scholarly journals Etiologic diagnosis of bovine infectious abortion by PCR

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2563-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teane Milagres Augusto da Silva ◽  
Raquel Gonzaga de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Pinto da Silva Mol ◽  
Mariana Noyma Xavier ◽  
Tatiane Alves da Paixão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Fetus Subsp ◽  
Arcanobacterium Pyogenes ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

Infectious abortion is a significant cause of reproductive failure and economic losses in cattle. The goal of this study was to detect nucleic acids of several infectious agents known to cause abortion including Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Brucella abortus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, Chlamydophila abortus, Leptospira sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Neospora caninum, and Tritrichomonas foetus. Tissue homogenates from 42 fetuses and paraffin-embedded tissues from 28 fetuses and 14 placentas/endometrium were included in this study. Brucella abortus was detected in 14.2% (12/84) of the samples. Salmonella sp. DNA was amplified from 2 fetuses, and there was one positive for Neospora caninum, and another for Listeria monocytogenes. This PCR-based approach resulted in identification of the etiology in 19% of samples, or 20% if considered fetal tissues only.

scholarly journals PROSPECTIVES AND NECESSITY OF ERADICATION OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS / INFECTIOUS PUSTULAR VULVOVAGINITIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Sava Lazić ◽  
Tamaš Petrović ◽  
Dejan Bugarski ◽  
Milovan Jovičin ◽  
Budimir Plavšić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Systematic Strategy ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
The Republic

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a disease aff ecting cattle population of all breeds, categories and age. Th e disease can take diff erent clinical courses, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) being the most common ones. Both diseases, an especially infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), pose severe health threat and cause major economic losses and are considered one of the most costly diseases in cattle industry. The causal agent is a virus categorized into the family Hepesviridae and designated as bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) or IBR/IPV virus. Any positive result to IBR/IPV specifi c antibodies in non-vaccinated cattle, in either blood or milk, indicates the infection, and the animal is considered a source of infection. In this article, we described the needs and prospects for the eradication of IBR/IPV in the Republic of Serbia. The eradication of IBR/IPV is a complex process implying strictly defi ned program of measures. The implementation of such measures requires systematic strategy involving diff erent phases and activities that can continue over several years. The program requires substantial eff orts as well as fi nancial resources, which should be justifi ed and paid off through a successful eradication of IBR/IPV.

scholarly journals Detection of Stephanofilaria (Nematoda: Filariidae) in Buffalo Fly Lesions

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noman Naseem ◽  
Ala Tabor ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Constantin Constantinoiu ◽  
Jess Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Eye Lesions

Haematobia irritans exigua, commonly known as buffalo fly (BF), causes economic losses of about AUD $100 million per annum to the Australian cattle industry in terms of decreased production and costs of control. Lesions associated with BF infestation range from raised, dry, alopecic, hyperkeratotic or scab encrusted to severe hemorrhagic areas of ulceration which represent a major animal welfare concern. BF transmits a filarial nematode, Stephanofilaria sp., which has been speculatively associated with BF lesion development. The existing literature indicates that the sensitivity of currently used diagnostic techniques to detect Stephanofilaria in skin lesions is low and that there is currently no sequence for Stephanofilaria available on GenBank. Our objective is to develop a PCR method to detect Stephanofilaria in BF lesions. Skin biopsies were collected from 10 freshly slaughtered cattle hides having obvious BF eye lesions. Samples were collected from the center and the edge of the BF lesion as well as from adjacent normal tissue. Each skin punch was cut into 5-6 slices and immersed in normal saline before incubation overnight at 22°C. Eight nematodes were recovered from the saline by microscopic examination and preserved in ethanol. Nematode DNA will be extracted using conventional extraction methods. Specific primers will be used to amplify the ITS regions of rDNA and coxI region of the mtDNA and the amplified DNA will be sequenced. Primers will be designed from these regions to detect the presence of Stephanofilaria and used in PCR studies to clarify the etiology and epidemiology of BF lesions.

scholarly journals Anatomical distribution and population dynamics of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle in the municipality of Óleo, São Paulo

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ana Helena Ferrazzini Marvullo Neves ◽  
Odilon Vidotto
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
The Right ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Selection Of

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestation is responsible for significant economic losses in cattle industry. The use of acaricides at strategic times and selection of resistant animals can minimize economic losses. This study aimed to determine the anatomical distribution and population dynamics of R. microplus in the municipality of Óleo, state of São Paulo. This study was conducted using eight male cattle, crossbred zebu-taurine (in accordance with the regional herd). Female R. (B.) microplus, greater than 4 mm, present in the right side of the animals were counted between April 2012 and March 2013. The highest tick number per animal was noted in October (128.25), and the lowest in April (35.5), with three infestation peaks during the study, in May, October, and December, which were influenced by the minimum and maximum mean temperature and rainfall. Among the cranio-caudal regions (anterior, median, and posterior), the posterior had the highest mean tick number, and the anterior had the lowest. The minimum temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation interfered with infestation of dorsoventral regions: in cold months, the lowest infestations were found in the mixed area (ear and tail); in the warm months, in the high region (head, neck, upper ribs, flank, and rump). The lower region (dewlap, cranial limb, lower ribs, abdomen, prepuce, scrotum, and lower limb) always had the highest mean tick number. The tick numbers of the caudal limb and crotch showed strong correlation with the total tick number (+0.88 and +0.70, respectively). These data, grouped according to median, posterior, and crotch regions, showed a stronger correlation with the total tick number (+0.96, +0.90, and +0.70, respectively).

scholarly journals Benefits and Risks of Preventing Twin Pregnancies

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Irina Garcia-Ispierto ◽  
Fernando López-Gatius
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Clinical problems associated with twin pregnancies have been well established, and twin births are now considered undesirable or even disastrous for the dairy cattle industry and the individual cow. The high incidence of early fetal loss, abortion during the mid-lactation period, dystocia, stillbirth, and placenta retention should be considered a preventable consequence of management, as these disorders greatly compromise the welfare and productive lifespan of a cow carrying or delivering twins. The use of sexed semen generates herd replacements and additional heifers, so a proposed strategy for twin pregnancy prevention is the transfer of a single in vitro-produced female beef cow embryo to cows not suitable for producing replacements. Another proposed strategy is drainage at insemination of co-dominant follicles to prevent twin pregnancies in cows with genetic merit. As a result, embryo survival should improve, economic losses associated with twin pregnancies will be prevented, beef output from the herd will be increased, and the health and welfare of the cow will certainly benefit. In this review, the clinical prospects of preventing or avoiding twin pregnancies using both procedures are discussed.

scholarly journals Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of Babesia bigemina

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Umber Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Suleman ◽  
Asadullah Abid ◽  
Hamna Jamil ◽  
Harish Menghwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

The current vaccines to control bovine Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina) infection are not fully protective and vaccination failures incur heavy losses to the cattle industry around the world. Using modified micro-aerophilous stationary phase, we developed a culture-derived attenuated live vaccine against B. bigemina and tested a single subcutaneous inoculation of 2 × 108 infected erythrocytes in calves. The protection was measured after a lethal intravenous challenge with 5 × 108 virulent calf-derived B. bigemina. Our results demonstrated that a single shot of attenuated vaccine was capable of inducing robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in calves. We found a significant increase in the IgG antibody titers post-challenge and a strong proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contributing towards the protection. Our vaccine provided complete protection and parasitic clearance, which was followed for more than 100 days post-challenge. This immunity against babesiosis was directly linked to strong humoral responses; however, the parasitic clearance was attributed to significant T cells effector responses in vaccinated calves as compared to the infected control calves. We anticipate that these results will be helpful in the development of more efficient culture-derived vaccines against Babesia infections, thus reducing significant global economic losses to farmers and the cattle industry.

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