scholarly journals The number of acute cerebrovascular events in Israel: a forecast until 2040

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Ben Shoham ◽  
Sigal Liberant-Taub ◽  
Mor Sharon ◽  
Inbar Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Cerebrovascular Event ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events

Abstract Background Acute cerebrovascular event is one of the leading causes of death in Israel and is the primary cause of neurological disability in adults. Although some evidence indicates that the incidence rate of acute cerebrovascular events in developed countries is stable or has been decreasing over the past decades, the number of events is expected to increase in these countries due to projected changes in size and composition of the population. The purpose of this study was to provide a forecast of the number of acute cerebrovascular events in Israel for the coming decades. Methods We used data from the National Stroke Registry at the Israel Center for Disease Control and data from the long-term population forecasts of the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. We generated forecasts of the annual number of acute cerebrovascular events based on the mean annual incidence rates during 2014–2016 within population subgroups defined by gender, age, and ethnicity, and on the projected population size of these subgroups for 2015–2040. The forecasts were generated for various assumptions as to trends in the incidence rate and for alternatives as to the projected population growth. Results Based on the intermediate population growth alternative, the annual number of acute cerebrovascular events is expected to increase from 18,400 to 38,500, 34,800 or 26,400 events, assuming constant annual incidence rates, decreasing annual incidence rates at a rate of 2% every 5 years, or decreasing annual incidence rates at a rate of 7.25% every 5 years, respectively. Whereas, presently, events affecting Arab patients account for 15% of acute cerebrovascular events and events affecting patients over 80 account for 33% of acute cerebrovascular events, by 2040 events affecting Arab patients will account for more than 21% of the events and events affecting patients over 80 will account for 42% of the events. Conclusions In view of the expected increase in the number of acute cerebrovascular events and the changes in the demographic composition of adults suffering from such events, and in order to allow for optimal care and equity, it is imperative to evaluate the preparedness of care provision and the geographical deployment of treatment services in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Dengue Fever in Italy: The “Eternal Return” of an Emerging Arboviral Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Matteo Riccò ◽  
Simona Peruzzi ◽  
Federica Balzarini ◽  
Alessandro Zaniboni ◽  
Silvia Ranzieri
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Enhanced surveillance for dengue virus (DENV) infections in Italy has been implemented since 2012, with annual reports from the National Health Institute. In this study, we summarize available evidence on the epidemiology of officially notified DENV infections from 2010–2021. In total, 1043 DENV infection cases were diagnosed, and most of them occurred in travelers, with only 11 autochthonous cases. The annual incidence rates of DENV infections peaked during 2019 with 0.277 cases per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.187–0.267), (age-adjusted incidence rate: 0.328, 95% CI 0.314–0.314). Cases of DENV were clustered during the summer months of July (11.4%), August (19.3%), and September (12.7%). The areas characterized by higher notification rates were north-western (29.0%), and mostly north-eastern Italy (41.3%). The risk for DENV infection in travelers increased in the time period 2015–2019 (risk ratio [RR] 1.808, 95% CI 1.594–2.051) and even during 2020–2021 (RR 1.771, 95% CI 1.238–2.543). Higher risk for DENV was additionally reported in male subjects compared with females subjects, and aged 25 to 44 years, and in individuals from northern and central Italy compared to southern regions and islands. In a multivariable Poisson regression model, the increased number of travelers per 100 inhabitants (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.065, 95% CI 1.036–1.096), the incidence in other countries (IRR 1.323, 95% CI 1.165–1.481), the share of individuals aged 25 to 44 years (IRR 1.622, 95% CI 1.338–1.968), and foreign-born residents (IRR 2.717, 95% CI 1.555–3.881), were identified as effectors of annual incidence. In summary, although the circulation of DENV remains clustered among travelers, enhanced surveillance is vital for the early detection of human cases and the prompt implementation of response measures.

scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 and Annual Lung Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Study in 295 Chinese Counties

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huagui Guo ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Jiansheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Males And Females

Most studies have examined PM2.5 effects on lung cancer mortalities, while few nationwide studies have been conducted in developing countries to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidences. To fill this gap, this work aims to examine the effects of PM2.5 exposure on annual incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. We performed a nationwide analysis in 295 counties (districts) from 2006 to 2014. Two regression models were employed to analyse data controlling for time, location and socioeconomic characteristics. We also examined whether the estimates of PM2.5 effects are sensitive to the adjustment of health and behaviour covariates, and the issue of the changing cancer registries each year. We further investigated the modification effects of region, temperature and precipitation. Generally, we found significantly positive associations between PM2.5 and incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females. If concurrent PM2.5 changes by 10 μg/m3, then the incidence rate relative to its baseline significantly changes by 4.20% (95% CI: 2.73%, 5.88%) and 2.48% (95% CI: 1.24%, 4.14%) for males and females, respectively. The effects of exposure to PM2.5 were still significant when further controlling for health and behaviour factors or using 5 year consecutive data from 91 counties. We found the evidence of long-term lag effects of PM2.5. We also found that temperature appeared to positively modify the effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for males. In conclusion, there were significantly adverse effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for both males and females in China. The estimated effect sizes might be considerably lower than those reported in developed countries. There were long-term lag effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence in China.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of New Onset Seizures and Epilepsy Cases: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Deepak Goel ◽  
Pradeep Aggarwal ◽  
Sunil Dutt Kandpal ◽  
Rakesh Kakkar ◽  
Deepak Negi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Introduction Incidence is the number of new epilepsy cases occurring during a given time interval, usually in 1 year, in a specified population. Most incidence studies of epilepsy are from developed countries with a rate of 40 to 70 per 100,000 population. Aims We conducted this survey to study incidence of all new onset unprovoked in rural and semiurban areas of the Uttarakhand State. This study is conducted on more than 100,000 of population with longitudinal follow-up of 3 years. Methods This was a community-based, longitudinal, observational study in two blocks of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand state. Total population of approximately 100,000 from two blocks will be surveyed (50,000 in each block). This door-to-door survey was conducted annually for 3 years duration from May 2014 to April 2017. The initial data were collected on National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) questionnaire by door-to-door survey. Results After longitudinal follow-up for 3 years of 103,610 of population in two blocks of Uttarakhand state, we found age-adjusted prevalence rate of unprovoked seizures to the tune of 623.63 cases per 100,000 of population. Age-adjusted incidence rate of epilepsy was 38.28 per 100,000 population and annual incidence of acute symptomatic seizures was 14.79 per 100,000 of population. Overall annual incidence rate of all afebrile seizures was 51.63 per of 100,000 people. Among all sociodemographic factors, age, poverty, diet, and hygiene were significantly associated with seizures. Conclusion Age-adjusted incidence rate of unprovoked seizure in Uttarakhand state was 38.28 per 100,000 people. Diet and hygiene were significant risk factors for seizures.

scholarly journals Changes in Uterine Cancer Incidence Rates in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Saad Alshahrani ◽  
Amr S. Soliman ◽  
Ahmed Hablas ◽  
Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Jane L. Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

Background. Uterine cancer is one of the top-ranking cancers in women with wide international variations in incidence rates. Developed countries have higher incidence rates than the developing countries. Egypt has significantly lower incidence of uterine cancer than other countries in the Middle East. This study aimed at verifying the incidence rate of uterine cancer and characterizing the demographic and clinical profiles of patients residing in the Gharbiah province in the Nile delta region of Egypt. Methods. Data from 660 uterine cancer patients diagnosed during the period of 1999 to 2010 were abstracted from the Gharbiah Cancer Registry, the only population-based registry in Egypt. The data included age, marital status, number of children, residence, smoking, occupation, date and basis of diagnosis, tumor topography, morphology, stage and grade, and treatment. Crude rate, age-standardized rate (ASR), and age-specific rate were calculated and associated with demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Results. The study confirmed the low ASR of uterine cancer in Egypt, (4.1 per 100,000 (95% CI: 3.8–4.4)). The incidence rate increased significantly over the 12-year period. The crude rate (CR) was 1.95, 95% CI (1.64–2.25) in 1999–2002; 2.9, 95% CI (2.5–3.2) in 2003–2006; and 3.5, 95% CI (3.1–3.9) in 2007–2010. The rate ratio was 1.5, 95% CI (1.2–1.8) in 2003–2006 and 1.8, 95% CI (1.5–2.2) in 2007–2010 compared to 1999–2002. The majority of patients (83%) were postmenopausal with the highest age-specific rate in the 60–69-year age group (22.07 per 100,000 (95% CI: 19.3–25.2). The majority of patients were diagnosed at early stages (60% localized and 5% regional), had adenocarcinoma (68%), and resided in urban areas (54%). Conclusions. The study confirmed the low incidence rate of uterine cancer in the Gharbiah province of Egypt and significant increase in incidence in recent years. Future studies should focus on verifying the possible effect of hysterectomy on lowering the incidence, the factors related to the changes in rates between rural and urban areas, and the possible impact of nutritional and epidemiologic transitions on the increasing rates.

scholarly journals Increasing incidence of anaphylaxis in Hong Kong from 2009 to 2019—discrepancies of anaphylaxis care between adult and paediatric patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hei Li ◽  
Agnes S. Y. Leung ◽  
Rebecca M. Y. Li ◽  
Ting-fan Leung ◽  
Chak-sing Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prescription Rates

Abstract Background Anaphylaxis has been increasing in developed countries but there is very little published data on the burden of anaphylaxis and the pattern of adrenaline autoinjector (AAI) prescription from Asia. We aim to determine the incidence rates of anaphylaxis and prescription rates of AAI over the past decade in Hong Kong. Methods Using a centralized electronic database of Hong Kong’s sole public-funded healthcare provider, we obtained and analysed all patients between 2009 and 2019 with physician-reported diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Incidence rates were calculated using population statistics as the denominator. Patients’ prescriptions on discharge were collected to determine the AAI prescription rates. Results The overall 10-year estimated incidence rate of anaphylaxis was 3.57 per 100,000 person-years. An increasing trend over time across both paediatric and adult populations from 2009 to 2014 was found, which remained stable until 2019. This was more marked among the paediatric population (paediatric vs adult incidence rate ratio in 2019: 3.51 [95% CI 1.12–2.66] vs 1.82 [95% CI 1.05–1.60]). There was an overall increasing rate of AAI prescription for patients admitted for anaphylaxis, but the overall AAI prescription rate was less than 15% and was significantly less likely to be prescribed for the adult compared to paediatric patients (36.5% vs. 89.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions An increasing trend of anaphylaxis incidence rates over the past decade is evident in Asian populations, with a discrepantly low rate of AAI prescription, particularly in the adult patients.

Morbidity pattern by age, sex and breed in insured cats in Japan (2008–2013)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Inoue ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa ◽  
Katsuaki Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Insurance Claim ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Urinary Tract Disorders ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diagnostic Decision Making

Objectives The aim of the study was to describe the morbidity pattern of different diagnostic categories in insured cats in Japan by age, sex and breed. Methods The annual incidence rates of having at least one insurance claim were calculated overall and stratified by diagnosis, age, sex and breed using data from insured cats in the period April 2008 to March 2013. Results The overall annual incidence rate of having at least one insurance claim was 4632 (95% confidence interval 4608–4656) cats per 10,000 cat-years at risk. The highest annual incidence rate was obtained for digestive system disorders, followed by urinary tract disorders and dermatological disorders. The incidence rates varied between breeds for most diagnostic categories: for cardiovascular system disorders, Scottish Fold, American Shorthair, Persian, Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest Cat, Ragdoll and Bengal had a higher annual incidence rate than crossbreeds. Conclusions and relevance This study provides comparative and quantitative estimates of morbidity pattern in insured Japanese cats. These estimates can be utilised by veterinary practitioners, breeders and owners in diagnostic decision-making, breeding and when selecting a new pet, respectively.

Alcohol Consumption in Victims of Violence: A Trend Study for the Period 1970–1998

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
The University

This 29-yr. retrospective study is about alcohol consumption by victims of violence intentionally injured ( N = 13,048) and general patients unintentionally injured ( N = 296,544) who were treated for their injuries at the Trauma Center of the University Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands) during the period 1970–1998 The incidence rate for general patients with alcohol consumption was statistically significantly greater than the incidence rate of victims of violence with alcohol consumption. A long-term significant linear trend was observed for both types of patients during the 29-yr. period. However, the increase in incidence rate among the general patients with alcohol consumption was four times greater than the increase in incidence rate for the victims of violence with alcohol consumption. Makes predominated in both types of patients (with and without alcohol consumption). The statistically significant highest incidence rates (and male predominance) were found in the age group 20–24 years for both categories of patients.

Secondary Malignancies in CML Patients – Data From the German CML Study IV

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3746-3746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Barreto Miranda ◽  
Michael Lauseker ◽  
Ulrike Proetel ◽  
Annette Schreiber ◽  
Benjamin Hanfstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Cancer ◽  
Secondary Malignancies

Abstract Abstract 3746 Introduction: The increase of overall survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) requires closer long-term observation in the face of a potential carcinogenicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Preclinical studies with imatinib in rats showed neoplastic changes in kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, preputial and clitoral glands, small intestine, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, and nonglandular stomach. Two epidemiologic studies on patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (CMPN) and CML (Frederiksen H et al., Blood 2011; Rebora P et al., Am J Epidemiol 2010) found an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared with the general population independent of treatment. In contrast, in a recent analysis of patients with CML and CMPN treated with TKI (Verma D et al., Blood 2011) a decreased risk of secondary malignancies was reported. Aims: To further elucidate the risk of TKI treated CML patients for the development of secondary malignancies we analysed data of the CML study IV, a randomized 5-arm trial (imatinib 400 mg vs. imatinib 800 mg vs. imatinib 400 mg in combination with interferon alpha vs. imatinib 400 mg in combination with AraC vs. imatinib 400 mg after interferon failure). Patients and methods: From February 2002 to April 2012, 1551 CML patients in chronic phase were randomized, 1525 were evaluable. Inclusion criteria allowed the history of primary cancer if the disease was in stable remission. Forty-nine malignancies were reported in 43 patients before the diagnosis of CML. If relapses occurred within 5 years after diagnosis of primary cancer they were not considered for further analysis. Median follow-up was 67.5 months. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated from the age-specific rates using the European standard population (1976). Results: In total, 67 secondary malignancies in 64 patients were found in CML patients treated with TKI (n=61) and interferon alpha only (n=3). Twelve of these patients developed neoplasms after diagnosis of a primary cancer before diagnosis of CML, 5 patients with metastases or recurrence of the first malignancy (range of diagnosis 5–19 years after primary cancer). Median time to secondary malignancy was 2.5 years (range 0.1–8.3 years). The types of neoplasms were: prostate (n=9), colorectal (n=6), lung (n=6), non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; n=7), malignant melanoma (n=5), skin tumors (basalioma n=4 and squamous cell carcinoma n=1), breast (n=5), pancreas (n=4), kidney (n=4), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=3), head and neck (n=2), biliary (n=2), sarcoma (n=2), and esophagus, stomach, liver, vulva, uterus, brain, cancer of unknown origin (each n=1). With these numbers the age-standardized incidence rates of secondary malignancies in CML patients were calculated: 534 cases per 100,000 for men (confidence interval [350;718]), and 582 for women (confidence interval [349;817]). The incidence rates of the general population in Germany were 450 and 350 cases, respectively (“Krebs in Deutschland 2007/2008”, 8th ed., Robert Koch Institute, 2012). The incidence rate of NHLs was higher for CML patients than for the general population but this is not significant. Conclusions: In our cohort, the incidence rate of secondary neoplasms in CML patients was slightly increased compared to the general population. The most common secondary malignancies in CML patients under treatment were cancers of the skin, prostate, colon, lung and NHL. Since the occurrence of secondary neoplasia increases over time, long-term follow-up of CML patients is warranted. Disclosures: Müller: Novartis, BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Hochhaus:Novartis, BMS, MSD, Ariad, Pfizer: Consultancy Other, Honoraria, Research Funding. Hehlmann:Novartis: Research Funding.

scholarly journals O40 Trends in incidence of GCA in the UK

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A Barnett ◽  
Toby Helliwell ◽  
Kelvin Jordan ◽  
James Prior
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of medium and large vessel vasculitis. Diagnosis remains difficult since there are a multitude of symptoms experienced by patients with GCA and if not promptly identified or treated, patients with GCA are at risk of irreversible visual loss. Therefore, a clear understanding of recent trends in incidence is important for clinicians, researchers and policy-holders to better understand and address future healthcare resource needs. Our objective was to estimate the annual UK incidence of GCA and assess whether this is changing over time. Methods We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a database of routinely recorded primary care records from across the UK. CPRD is representative of the UK population and contains patient information from approximately 15% of the UK population. For each year from 1992-2017, the number of patients with a first Read coded record of GCA in that year, and aged 40 years or older at the time of diagnosis, was determined. The annual denominator population included the registered practice population without a prior record of GCA, aged 40 years or older. Annual incidence per 10,000 person-years (P-Y) at risk was derived overall and stratified by age, gender and region of the UK. Trends over time were modelled using Joinpoint regression. To be confident of the primary care diagnosis of GCA, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken which included a prescription of corticosteroids alongside the GCA Read code. Results There was a decrease in annual incidence of GCA in the UK between 1992 and 2017. Incidence was highest in 1994 (2.29/10,000 P-Y; 95% CI: 1.96, 2.67). This decreased to 1.51/10,000 P-Y in 2006, after which the incidence rates stabilised. Incidence rates for women were higher than men, irrespective of year. Incidence peaked between 70 and 89 years of age, with females aged 70-79 having the highest overall incidence rate of 5.20/10,000 P-Y (95% CI: 5.00, 5.40). The region of the UK with the highest incidence rate of GCA from 2015-2017 was Yorkshire & the Humber with 2.63/10,000 P-Y. The regions with the lowest incidence of 1.13/10,000 P-Y were the North East and West Midlands. Sensitivity analysis gave similar patterns. Conclusion The incidence of GCA in the UK has decreased slightly in recent years, which may reflect developments in more definitive early GCA diagnosis through fast-track clinics and improvements in imaging. However, further research into the presenting features of GCA in primary care is required. A set of early clinical features and comorbidities that are positively associated and predictive of a subsequent diagnosis of GCA would improve diagnosis and avert significant complications associated with delayed treatment. Disclosures L.A. Barnett None. T. Helliwell None. K. Jordan None. J. Prior None.

Evaluation in Terms of Annual Incidence Rate of Lung Cancer within the ULSSs of the Veneto Region (Italy) from Hospital Discharge Data (Years 1980–1982)

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Mario Bolzan ◽  
Gianni Conte
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Hospital Discharge Data ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Age Range

The annual incidence of lung cancer in aggregated territories (ULSS and Veneto Region) was assessed by a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data from 1980–1982. The 1982 regional age and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rates (x 100,000 inhabitants), the deaths in period and the cumulative incidence rates were determined. Also calculated were the standardized incidence ratios, distinctly for sex and a truncated age range (35–64 years) and on the total as well as the standard errors. The results obtained demonstrated that the incidence rate in the Veneto is among the highest in Italy and that there is a nonhomogeneous distribution of incidence/prevalence in the various ULSSs within the Veneto. Previously held opinions on the effects of sex and age were also confirmed. Comparison of the results with those obtained from the deaths in period showed the method used for analysis to be reasonably practical and reliable. It could provide an alternative method to the more complex and expensive system currently adopted by the Population Registries.

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