scholarly journals Increasing incidence of anaphylaxis in Hong Kong from 2009 to 2019—discrepancies of anaphylaxis care between adult and paediatric patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hei Li ◽  
Agnes S. Y. Leung ◽  
Rebecca M. Y. Li ◽  
Ting-fan Leung ◽  
Chak-sing Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Prescription Rates

Abstract Background Anaphylaxis has been increasing in developed countries but there is very little published data on the burden of anaphylaxis and the pattern of adrenaline autoinjector (AAI) prescription from Asia. We aim to determine the incidence rates of anaphylaxis and prescription rates of AAI over the past decade in Hong Kong. Methods Using a centralized electronic database of Hong Kong’s sole public-funded healthcare provider, we obtained and analysed all patients between 2009 and 2019 with physician-reported diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Incidence rates were calculated using population statistics as the denominator. Patients’ prescriptions on discharge were collected to determine the AAI prescription rates. Results The overall 10-year estimated incidence rate of anaphylaxis was 3.57 per 100,000 person-years. An increasing trend over time across both paediatric and adult populations from 2009 to 2014 was found, which remained stable until 2019. This was more marked among the paediatric population (paediatric vs adult incidence rate ratio in 2019: 3.51 [95% CI 1.12–2.66] vs 1.82 [95% CI 1.05–1.60]). There was an overall increasing rate of AAI prescription for patients admitted for anaphylaxis, but the overall AAI prescription rate was less than 15% and was significantly less likely to be prescribed for the adult compared to paediatric patients (36.5% vs. 89.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions An increasing trend of anaphylaxis incidence rates over the past decade is evident in Asian populations, with a discrepantly low rate of AAI prescription, particularly in the adult patients.

scholarly journals Changing Pattern of Paediatric Anaphylaxis in Hong Kong, 2010-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Sze Yin Leung ◽  
Rebecca Ming Yan Li ◽  
Ann Wing Shan Au ◽  
Jaime Sou da Rosa Duque ◽  
Po Ki Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Significant Health

Background: Anaphylaxis is a significant health burden in most Western countries but there is little published data on the incidence and pattern of anaphylaxis in Asia. We aim to determine the incidence rate and pattern of anaphylaxis over the past decade among the paediatric population in Hong Kong. Methods: Medical records of patients presenting with allergy-related symptoms during the period 2010 to 2019 were examined. Paediatric patients aged below 18 years who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis laid out by the NIAID/FAAN were analysed. Incidence rates were calculated using population statistics as the denominator. All information pertaining to the anaphylaxis events and patients’ characteristics were retrieved using standardized data collection forms. Results: The overall 10-year estimated incidence of anaphylaxis was 7.70 per 100,000 person-years, with a rising trend of anaphylaxis incidence across time. Food-induced anaphylaxis accounted for the majority of hospital presentation, of which peanut and shellfish were the top food triggers in our population. Comorbid asthma and young age were risk factors associated with wheeze at presentation. Misdiagnosis of anaphylaxis occurred in up to half the anaphylaxis cases and adrenaline was only utilised in 45% of cases. Conclusions: An increasing trend of anaphylaxis incidence over the past decade is evident in Hong Kong children, with a discrepantly low accuracy in diagnosis and suboptimal management of anaphylaxis. There is a pressing need to heighten public and physicians’ awareness of the distinctive features of anaphylaxis in the paediatric age group.

scholarly journals Changes in Uterine Cancer Incidence Rates in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Saad Alshahrani ◽  
Amr S. Soliman ◽  
Ahmed Hablas ◽  
Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Jane L. Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

Background. Uterine cancer is one of the top-ranking cancers in women with wide international variations in incidence rates. Developed countries have higher incidence rates than the developing countries. Egypt has significantly lower incidence of uterine cancer than other countries in the Middle East. This study aimed at verifying the incidence rate of uterine cancer and characterizing the demographic and clinical profiles of patients residing in the Gharbiah province in the Nile delta region of Egypt. Methods. Data from 660 uterine cancer patients diagnosed during the period of 1999 to 2010 were abstracted from the Gharbiah Cancer Registry, the only population-based registry in Egypt. The data included age, marital status, number of children, residence, smoking, occupation, date and basis of diagnosis, tumor topography, morphology, stage and grade, and treatment. Crude rate, age-standardized rate (ASR), and age-specific rate were calculated and associated with demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Results. The study confirmed the low ASR of uterine cancer in Egypt, (4.1 per 100,000 (95% CI: 3.8–4.4)). The incidence rate increased significantly over the 12-year period. The crude rate (CR) was 1.95, 95% CI (1.64–2.25) in 1999–2002; 2.9, 95% CI (2.5–3.2) in 2003–2006; and 3.5, 95% CI (3.1–3.9) in 2007–2010. The rate ratio was 1.5, 95% CI (1.2–1.8) in 2003–2006 and 1.8, 95% CI (1.5–2.2) in 2007–2010 compared to 1999–2002. The majority of patients (83%) were postmenopausal with the highest age-specific rate in the 60–69-year age group (22.07 per 100,000 (95% CI: 19.3–25.2). The majority of patients were diagnosed at early stages (60% localized and 5% regional), had adenocarcinoma (68%), and resided in urban areas (54%). Conclusions. The study confirmed the low incidence rate of uterine cancer in the Gharbiah province of Egypt and significant increase in incidence in recent years. Future studies should focus on verifying the possible effect of hysterectomy on lowering the incidence, the factors related to the changes in rates between rural and urban areas, and the possible impact of nutritional and epidemiologic transitions on the increasing rates.

Sex Differences in Time Trends on Incidence Rates of Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity Cancers in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Hin Chan ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Wai kong Mang ◽  
Lap Ah Tse
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancers

Objectives: Worldwide studies have shown an increasing trend of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) but a decreasing trend of oral cavity cancers over the past 2 decades, particularly in developed countries with successful tobacco control. This trend has been attributed to the increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated OPSCC. The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in incidence trends of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers in Hong Kong from 1983 to 2014. Methods: Using data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry from 1983 to 2014, age-standardized incidence rates for potentially HPV-associated sites (oropharyngeal) and non-HPV-associated sites (oral cavity) were calculated, stratified by sex and age groups. Joinpoint regression and an age-period-cohort model were used to assess incidence trends. Results: A total of 1,972 cases of oropharyngeal cancer and 7,389 cases of oral cavity cancer were diagnosed from 1983 to 2014. The male/female ratios were 4.16:1 for oropharyngeal cancers and 1.63:1 for oral cavity cancers. A significant increasing trend was observed in oropharyngeal cancers from 1994 to 2014 (average annual percentage change = 2.66, P < .05). In contrast, a significant decreasing trend was observed in oral cavity cancers from 1983 to 1994 (average annual percentage change = −5.36, P < .05). The trends were more significant in men and in patients aged 45 to 69 years. A positive birth cohort effect was observed for oropharyngeal cancer in men. Conclusions: The rising trend of oropharyngeal cancer and decreasing trend of oral cavity cancer in Hong Kong from 1983 to 2014 are consistent with worldwide trends. Increase in high-risk sexual behaviors and oral HPV infection may influence the difference in trends.

Optimal Peritoneal Dialysis for Patients from Hong Kong

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar Neng Lai ◽  
Wai Kei Lo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

The socioeconomic statuses of Asian countries are diverse and government reimbursement policies for renal replacement programs vary greatly from one country to another. Both factors affect not only the availability of treatment but also the choice of dialysis modality. Despite the economic growth of Hong Kong over the past three decades, the resources spent by our government on health services are less than other developed countries. The National Health Service, which is run on a tight budget, supports almost 95% of the patients on renal replacement programs. Due to the cost-effectiveness and reimbursement from the government, 79% of patients with end-stage renal failure in Hong Kong are treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). All new patients entering the renal replacement program run by the National Health Service are offered CAPD as the first-line dialytic treatment. Due to budgetary constraint, over the past 10 years dialysis centers in Hong Kong have adopted a small-volume regime of 3 x 2-L daily exchanges as the initial dialysis prescription. This dialysis prescription will be considered to be suboptimal by Western standards, but the survival of these patients was comparable to, or even better than, other areas despite a lower Kt/V. These preliminary studies suggest small-volume dialysis may be an acceptable compromise in Asian populations with their smaller body size, given the financial constraints. These issues are especially important in Asia, where financial resources for renal replacement therapy are still limited in most countries and many patients have to continue working to pay for their renal replacement treatment. Using this small-volume dialytic regime, more patients may be treated with the limited financial resources. Furthermore, our experience raises the question of the importance of nutritional status in patient survival.

scholarly journals The number of acute cerebrovascular events in Israel: a forecast until 2040

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Ben Shoham ◽  
Sigal Liberant-Taub ◽  
Mor Sharon ◽  
Inbar Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Cerebrovascular Event ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events

Abstract Background Acute cerebrovascular event is one of the leading causes of death in Israel and is the primary cause of neurological disability in adults. Although some evidence indicates that the incidence rate of acute cerebrovascular events in developed countries is stable or has been decreasing over the past decades, the number of events is expected to increase in these countries due to projected changes in size and composition of the population. The purpose of this study was to provide a forecast of the number of acute cerebrovascular events in Israel for the coming decades. Methods We used data from the National Stroke Registry at the Israel Center for Disease Control and data from the long-term population forecasts of the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. We generated forecasts of the annual number of acute cerebrovascular events based on the mean annual incidence rates during 2014–2016 within population subgroups defined by gender, age, and ethnicity, and on the projected population size of these subgroups for 2015–2040. The forecasts were generated for various assumptions as to trends in the incidence rate and for alternatives as to the projected population growth. Results Based on the intermediate population growth alternative, the annual number of acute cerebrovascular events is expected to increase from 18,400 to 38,500, 34,800 or 26,400 events, assuming constant annual incidence rates, decreasing annual incidence rates at a rate of 2% every 5 years, or decreasing annual incidence rates at a rate of 7.25% every 5 years, respectively. Whereas, presently, events affecting Arab patients account for 15% of acute cerebrovascular events and events affecting patients over 80 account for 33% of acute cerebrovascular events, by 2040 events affecting Arab patients will account for more than 21% of the events and events affecting patients over 80 will account for 42% of the events. Conclusions In view of the expected increase in the number of acute cerebrovascular events and the changes in the demographic composition of adults suffering from such events, and in order to allow for optimal care and equity, it is imperative to evaluate the preparedness of care provision and the geographical deployment of treatment services in the short and long term.

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION: THE SILENT KILLER

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mohammad Maaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend

Today world face one of the biggest problem is hypertension in adults. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death for people in the United States [1]. In the United States, about 77.9 million (1 out of every 3) adults have high blood pressure. A global brief on hypertension by WHO reported that, the prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 25 and above was about 40% around the world in 2008, rising from 600 million in 1980 to 1 billion in 2008 during the past 28 years [2]. Similarly, this prevalence among the adults aged 18 and above in China has risen from 18.8% in 2002 to 25.2% in 2015, presently, there are more than 200 million hypertensive patients in China [3]. Epidemiological studies show a steadily increasing trend in hypertension prevalence over the last 40 years, more in urban than in the rural areas. This is converse to findings reported from developed countries where there is a significant decrease in its prevalence.

scholarly journals Breast cancer incidence rates in women exposed to occupational ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Anna V. Rumyantseva ◽  
Tamara V. Azizova ◽  
Mariya V. Bannikova ◽  
Ol’ga V. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Trend

Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies within female incidence and mortality patterns in the RF. Study objective. To analyze BC incidence in females exposed to occupational ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Materials and methods. The study cohort included 5689 females who had been occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation throughout 1948-1982 and followed up until 31.12.2018. Results. BC was on the top of the list among females of the study cohort (11.9%). BC prevalence rate in the female cohort understudy was 28.3% as of 31.12.2018. The standardized BrCa incidence rate was 0.88 ± 0.07 per 1000 person-years of the follow-up. The absolute BrCa case increase in the females was 1.29, with the rise of 232.48% by the end of the follow-up due to the rise in age categories of females and the elevating risk of the disease occurrence. Discussion. The study cohort of females demonstrated standardized BrCa incidence rates consistent with the corresponding estimates for the general female population of the RF. Meanwhile, the observed rates were lower than those estimated for the female population of the Chelyabinsk region. The increasing trend of the standardized BC incidence rate by the end of the follow-up period (31.12.2018) was consistent with WHO statistics. The extended follow-up for an updated assessment of ionizing radiation effect on BC incidence is required to develop new cancer prevention strategies. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that BC incidence rates in the study cohort varied by age and calendar period of the follow-up. The increasing trend of the standardized rates of BC incidence was observed by the end of the follow-up.

scholarly journals Trends in incidence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers in central Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 391-395
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Antonijevic ◽  
Natasa Rancic ◽  
Mirko Ilic ◽  
Biljana Kocic ◽  
Jasmina Stevanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Population ◽  
White Population ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Incidence Trend ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Introduction/Objective. The incidence of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) has been increasing over the past decades worldwide. NMSC is the most common cancer in white population and melanoma is one of the deadliest cancers today. The objective of the paper was to determine trends in age-standardized incidence rates of NMSC and melanoma in central Serbia from 1999 to 2013. Method. A descriptive epidemiological study was done. Data about incidence for NMSC and melanoma were obtained from the Serbian Cancer Registry and data about population originating from 1991, 2001, and 2011 censuses. Crude incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. Direct method of standardization was performed with the world population as the standard. Trend lines were estimated using linear regression. Results. During a 15-year period, the total number of new NMSC cases was 41,719 [21,690 (52%) in men and 20,029 (48%) in women]. There were 5,781 new cases of melanoma [2,969 (51.4%) in men and 2,812 (48.6%) in women]. A significantly increasing incidence trend for NMSC both in men (y = 0.617x + 24.29, R2 = 0.500) and women (y = 0.672x + 0.670, R2 = 0.670) was determined. In the same period, a statistically significant increase of incidence trend for melanoma was determined in men (y = 0.111x + 3.708, R2 = 0.384) and in women (y = 0.098x + 3.375, R2 = 0.409). NMSC was registered in persons of all ages. NMSC incidence increased rapidly in persons older than 50 years. Melanoma predominates in children and adolescents and is registered more frequently than NMSC in persons bellow 60 years of age. Conclusion. Our findings showed significantly increasing trend of age-standardized incidence rates for both NMCC and melanoma. In the observed period, there were 7.2 times more new cases of NMSC than melanoma in the population of central Serbia. There were more registered new cases of NMSC and melanoma in men than in women. Screening of skin cancers and earlier diagnosis may improve treatment and prognosis.

Child maltreatment hospitalisations in Hong Kong: incidence rate and seasonal pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ip ◽  
Frederick Ka-wing Ho ◽  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
Paul Siu-fai Yip ◽  
Joseph Tak-fai Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Examination Stress

ObjectiveWe investigated the incidence and seasonal patterns of child maltreatment hospitalisations in Hong Kong.DesignA retrospective study of subjects aged under 19 years with a primary diagnosis of child maltreatment admitted to hospitals in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2010. Data were retrieved from the centralised database of all 42 public hospitals in the Hospital Authority.Main outcome measuresChild maltreatment incidence rate.ResultsA consistent seasonal pattern was found for non-sexual maltreatment in children aged 6–18 years (p<0.001). Hospitalisations peaked in May and October but dipped in August and January. No significant seasonal patterns were found for sexual maltreatment or among children under 6 years. The seasonal pattern of child maltreatment coincided with the two school examination periods. The annual child maltreatment hospitalisation rate in Hong Kong in 2010 was 73.4 per 100 000 children under 19 years, more than double that in 2001.ConclusionsA peculiar seasonal pattern and an alarming increasing trend in child maltreatment hospitalisation were observed in Hong Kong, which we speculated to be related to school examination stress and increasing socioeconomic disparity. Our findings highlighted differences in the trends of child maltreatment between Hong Kong and the West. Professionals and policymakers should be made aware of these trends and develop effective strategies to tackle child maltreatment.

scholarly journals Physical Activity-Related Injuries and Risk Factors among Secondary School Students in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Ke Peng ◽  
Heather Kwok ◽  
Lin Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
School Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Potential Factors

Increase in physical activity (PA) might elevate risks for physical activity-related injuries (PARIs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for PARIs among secondary school students in Hong Kong. All eligible students from three secondary schools were invited to participate in the study from November to December 2014. Information on PARI occurrences in the past 12 months, PA participation, and sociodemographics was collected. Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression models were performed to estimate the risk of potential factors for PARIs. In total, 1916 students in forms 1–6 (aged 14.3 ± 1.7 years) completed valid questionnaires, with an overall yearly PARI incidence rate of 32.1% (boys: 34.3%; girls: 29.3%). There were sex differences in the risk factors identified, except that family size was associated with PARIs for all participants. Longer duration and higher intensity of PA increased the risk for PARI occurrences in both sexes. In conclusion, PARIs were prevalent among secondary school students in Hong Kong, and different sexes had different PARI incidence rates and were influenced by different risk factors. There is an urgent call for effective sex-specific interventions to prevent PARIs in this population.

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