The Impact of Rapid Urbanization and Population Growth on the City Shape of Casablanca Morocco Using Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Elmdari ◽  
Abdelouahed Namir ◽  
Mustapha Hakdaoui
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Daytime Land Surface Temperature and Their Underlying Drivers over Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xuelei Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Cai ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Xiaorong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Rapid urbanization greatly alters land surface vegetation cover and heat distribution, leading to the development of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and seriously affecting the healthy development of cities and the comfort of living. As an indicator of urban health and livability, monitoring the distribution of land surface temperature (LST) and discovering its main impacting factors are receiving increasing attention in the effort to develop cities more sustainably. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of LST of the city of Wuhan, China, from 2013 to 2019. We detected hot and cold poles in four seasons through clustering and outlier analysis (based on Anselin local Moran’s I) of LST. Furthermore, we introduced the geographical detector model to quantify the impact of six physical and socio-economic factors, including the digital elevation model (DEM), index-based built-up index (IBI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the LST distribution of Wuhan. Finally, to identify the influence of land cover on temperature, the LST of croplands, woodlands, grasslands, and built-up areas was analyzed. The results showed that low temperatures are mainly distributed over water and woodland areas, followed by grasslands; high temperatures are mainly concentrated over built-up areas. The maximum temperature difference between land covers occurs in spring and summer, while this difference can be ignored in winter. MNDWI, IBI, and NDVI are the key driving factors of the thermal values change in Wuhan, especially of their interaction. We found that the temperature of water area and urban green space (woodlands and grasslands) tends to be 5.4 °C and 2.6 °C lower than that of built-up areas. Our research results can contribute to the urban planning and urban greening of Wuhan and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the city.

scholarly journals The Impact of Urbanization on Water Quality: Case Study on the Alto Atoyac Basin in Puebla, Mexico

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Andrés Estrada-Rivera ◽  
Alfonso Díaz Fonseca ◽  
Samuel Treviño Mora ◽  
Wendy Argelia García Suastegui ◽  
Edith Chávez Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Population growth, poorly planned industrial development and uncontrolled production processes have left a significant footprint of environmental deterioration in the Alto Atoyac watershed. In this study, we propose using the integrated pollution index (PI) to characterize the temporary variations in surface water quality during the rapid urbanization process in the municipalities of San Martín Texmelucán (SMT) and Tepetitla de Lardizabal (TL), in the states of Puebla and Tlaxcala, between 1985 and 2020. We assessed the correlation between the population growth rate and the water quality parameters according to the Water Quality Index (ICA). The contribution of each polluting substance to the PI was determined. The industry database was created and the increase in population and industry, and their densities, were estimated. The results indicated that the temporal pattern of surface water quality is determined by the level of urbanization. The water integrated pollution index (WPI) increased with the passage of time in all the localities: SLG 0.0 to 25.0; SMTL 25.0 to 29.0; SRT 4.0 to 29.0; VA 6.0 to 30.0; T 3.5 to 24.0 and SMA 4.0 to 27.0 from 2010 to 2020, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the five parameters (BOD5, COD, CF, TU and TSS) in the six localities were positive with the population. The values that showed a higher correlation with the population were: SLG (FC 0.86), SMTL (BOD5 0.61, COD 0.89, TSS 0.64) and SRT (TU 0.83), corresponding to highly polluted localities, which generates complex and severe environmental implications due to the unsustainable management of water resources. Achieving the sustainability of water in the watershed is a challenge that should be shared between society and state. This type of research can be a useful tool in making environmental management decisions.

scholarly journals Market Access and the Concentration of Economic Activity in a System of Declining Cities

REGION ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Quintero ◽  
Paula Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
City Population ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
System Of Cities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Market access has been widely used as a measure of agglomeration spillovers in models that seek to explain productivity, economic or population growth at the city level. Most results have shown that having higher market access is beneficial to these outcomes. These results, both theoretical and empirical, have been obtained in a context of population growth. This article examines the impact that market access has on a system of cities that has suffered a negative population shock. An extended version of the Brezis and Krugman (1997) model of life cycle of cities predicts that a system of cities experiencing population loss will see a relative reorganization of its population from small to larger cities, and that higher market potential will make this movement stronger. We test these predictions with a comprehensive sample of cities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We find that having higher market access - when operating in an environment of population decline - is detrimental to city population growth. This result is robust to different measures of market access that use population. Alternative measures that use economic size rather population are tested, and the result weaker. A possible explanation is that using NLs restricts the sample to only using larger cities. 

Urbanization and The Dynamics of Change in the Sahel

2021 ◽  
pp. 708-728
Author(s):  
Florence Boyer ◽  
David Lessault
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
School Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
Contemporary Context

Since independence, Sahelian cities have been experiencing continuous and increasingly strong population growth, linked to migration and to an unfinished demographic transition. In contexts of rapid urbanization, facilities, infrastructure, and services (school, health, sanitation, etc.) are deficient, and a transfer of poverty from rural areas to cities takes place. Sahelian cities are also marked by the youthfulness of their populations, and an important area for research are the questions of what the city does to youth, and what youth does to the city. Knowledge of Sahelian cities remains fragmented. If the dynamics and challenges of capitals such as Dakar, Ouagadougou, or Bamako are fairly well known, those of N’Djamena, Niamey, or Nouakchott are less so. There are few studies of small and medium-sized cities, and these are in need of updating in the contemporary context of decentralization. This chapter surveys the state of knowledge of urbanization in the Sahel, and suggests directions for future research.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of arid area urbanization on flash floods using GIS, remote sensing, and HEC-HMS rainfall–runoff modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Alfy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Hydrologic Modeling ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
The Impact

This study uses an integrated approach, bringing together geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and rainfall–runoff modeling, to assess the urbanization impact on flash floods in arid areas. Runoff modeling was carried out as a function of the catchment characteristics and the maximum daily rainfall parameters. Land-use types were extracted from the supervised classification of SPOT-5 (2010) and Landsat-8 (2015) satellite images and were validated during field checks. Catchment morphometric characteristics were carried out using the correlated Topaz and Arc-Hydro tools. Maximum floods of the catchment were evaluated by coupling GIS and remote sensing with Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) hydrologic modeling. Peak discharges were estimated, and the abstraction losses were computed for different return periods. The model results were calibrated according to actual runoff event. The research shows that rapid urbanization adversely affects hydrological processes, since the sprawl on the alluvial channels is significant. This reduces infiltration into the underlying alluvium and increases runoff, leading to higher flood peaks and volumes even for short duration low intensity rainfall. To retain a considerable amount of water and sediments in these arid areas, construction of small dams at the fingertip channels at the outlet of the lower order sub-basins is recommended.

scholarly journals O CICLO MINERAL E A URGÊNCIA DE POLÍTICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL: o caso do município de Parauapebas no sudeste do Estado do Pará

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
José Raimundo Barreto Trindade ◽  
Wesley Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Gedson Thiago Do Nascimento Borges
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Este artigo analisa o caso do município de Parauapebas no estado do Pará, porém sem descurar do seu entorno, centrado nas condições de desenvolvimento econômico do espaço territorial e as contradições sociais estabelecidas. O objetivo do artigo é lançar luz sobre as contradições do acelerado processo de crescimento econômico e demográfico decorrente do ciclo de acumulaçãomineral e as necessárias condições de estabelecimento de políticas locais que ensejem uma dinâmica de desenvolvimento distinta da atual base de exploração mineral. Primeiramente aborda a expansão demográfica e a acelerada urbanização; a seção seguinte trata especificamente dos aspectos de empregabilidade e os impactos da mineração sobre o mercado de trabalho; a terceira seção analisa o ciclo extrativista mineral e suas limitações; a quarta seção trata das repercussões sobre a renda local e o produto interno bruto; finalmente, na última seção, trata especificamente das políticas de desenvolvimento local, tendo a tese central de que é necessário desde já preparar a economia local para uma possível transição do ciclo mineral.Palavras-chave: Parauapebas, mineração, desenvolvimento local.THE MINERAL CYCLE AND THE URGENCY OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: the case of the city of Paraupebas in the southeast of the state of ParáAbstract: This article analyzes the case of the municipality of Parauapebas in Para State, but without neglecting its surroundings,focusing on the conditions of economic development of territorial space and social contradictions established. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the contradictions of the accelerated economic and demographic growth due to the cycle of accumulationand mineral necessary conditions for the establishment of local political dynamics that cause development distinct from the currentbase of mineral exploration. The article is divided into five parts. In the first section we discuss the demographic expansion and rapid urbanization, the second section deals specifically with the issues of employability and the impacts of mining on the labor market,the third section is intended to analyze the mineral extractive cycle and its limitations, the fourth section deals with the impact on local income and gross domestic product, and finally, in the fifth section, it is specifically the local development policies, much as propositions and having the central thesis that is needed now to prepare the local economy for a possible transition of the mineral cycle,including seeking to use the current momentum to structure a sustainable pattern of production bases in endogenous development.Key words: Parauapebas, mining, local development.

scholarly journals Observation of Surface Displacement Associated with Rapid Urbanization and Land Creation in Lanzhou, Loess Plateau of China with Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3472
Author(s):  
Yuming Wei ◽  
Xiaojie Liu ◽  
Chaoying Zhao ◽  
Roberto Tomás ◽  
Zhuo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
The City

Lanzhou is one of the cities with the higher number of civil engineering projects for mountain excavation and city construction (MECC) on the China’s Loess Plateau. As a result, the city is suffering from severe surface displacement, which is posing an increasing threat to the safety of the buildings. However, up to date, there is no comprehensive and high-precision displacement map to characterize the spatiotemporal surface displacement patterns in the city of Lanzhou. In this study, satellite-based observations, including optical remote sensing and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensing, were jointly used to characterize the landscape and topography changes in Lanzhou between 1997 and 2020 and investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of the surface displacement associated with the large-scale MECC projects from 2015 December to March 2021. First, we retrieved the landscape changes in Lanzhou during the last 23 years using multi-temporal optical remote sensing images. Results illustrate that the landscape in local areas of Lanzhou has been dramatically changed as a result of the large-scale MECC projects and rapid urbanization. Then, we optimized the ordinary time series InSAR processing procedure by a “dynamic estimation of digital elevation model (DEM) errors” step added before displacement inversion to avoid the false displacement signals caused by DEM errors. The DEM errors and the high-precision surface displacement maps between December 2015 and March 2021 were calculated with 124 ascending and 122 descending Sentinel-1 SAR images. By combining estimated DEM errors and optical images, we detected and mapped historical MECC areas in the study area since 2000, retrieved the excavated and filling areas of the MECC projects, and evaluated their areas and volumes as well as the thickness of the filling loess. Results demonstrated that the area and volume of the excavated regions were basically equal to that of the filling regions, and the maximum thickness of the filling loess was greater than 90 m. Significant non-uniform surface displacements were observed in the filling regions of the MECC projects, with the maximum cumulative displacement lower than −40 cm. 2D displacement results revealed that surface displacement associated with the MECC project was dominated by settlements. From the correlation analysis between the displacement and the filling thickness, we found that the displacement magnitude was positively correlated with the thickness of the filling loess. This finding indicated that the compaction and consolidation process of the filling loess largely dominated the surface displacement. Our findings are of paramount importance for the urban planning and construction on the Loess Plateau region in which large-scale MECC projects are being developed.

scholarly journals Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Haixiao Pan ◽  
Yanbo Ge
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
High Density ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.

scholarly journals Post-flânerie: How do mobile devices shape the experience of the city?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Gorsev Argin ◽  
Burak Pak ◽  
Handan Turkoglu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In the last decade, the advances in mobile technologies and location-based applications reshaped our mutual relationship with the urban environment. These technologies, as both a mean and barrier to the engagement between humans and their environment, have transformed the urban experience in profound ways. Urban experience is a relatively new concept introduced with the rise of modern cities in the nineteenth century. Its loss due to the rapid urbanization has been a subject of debate since then. Among the discussions that take place in this debate, the figure of ‘flâneur’ plays an extensive role. The flâneur is a figure who wanders through and appropriates the metropolitan city in pursuit of urban experience and reaps aesthetic meaning from the spectacle of the teeming crowds. Flânerie, or the act of wandering, and its implications for our understanding of urban life have been profound. Today, mobile technologies create a new kind of urban wanderer which is described as “post-flâneur”. In this paper, by examining the altering concept of flânerie, we discuss the effects of mobile technologies on urban experience. Based on an informed study of a wide range of theories, we make reflections on the impact of mobile devices on the mutual relationship between humans and their environment, introduce key concepts for understanding the emergent phenomenon of post-flânerie and elaborate on its interconnections with the phenomena of cyber and hybrid-flânerie.

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