scholarly journals The theoretical model of spatial production for innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Olah ◽  
B. Levente Alpek
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Barriers To Innovation ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Measurement Basis ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Territorial Disparities

AbstractThe overall aim of the study is to create the theoretical model of spatial production for innovation, which provides a measurement basis for later research as well as providing a measurement framework for the territorial indexation of innovation. In addition, it raises the question of what factors can hinder and which can help the formation and development of the spatial production of innovation. In the context of the above, based on a chronological, multidimensional review and analysis of literature research, it summarizes and presents the possibilities of interpreting the concept of innovation, paying attention to its territorial aspects. The model presented in our study builds on the literature on the external–internal divisions of innovation barriers, but also differs in that the model simultaneously displays the socio-economic space (innovation ecosystem), the regional scales as well as time. Presenting the typological barriers to innovation and summarizing the related factors, as well as developing a model to measure the issue, can help by specifically promoting the development of regions with less innovation capacity and potential in this field, at the same time providing a basis for assessing the territorial aspects of the phenomenon, which may also support the creation of development programmes to support the resolution of territorial disparities.

scholarly journals Identification and inclusion of gender factors in retrospective cohort studies: the GOING-FWD framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e005413
Author(s):  
Valeria Raparelli ◽  
Colleen M. Norris ◽  
Uri Bender ◽  
Maria Trinidad Herrero ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Definition Of

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender diverse people. Gender-related factors are seldom assessed as determinants of health outcomes, despite their powerful contribution. The Gender Outcomes INternational Group: to Further Well-being Development (GOING-FWD) project developed a standard five-step methodology applicable to retrospectively identify gender-related factors and assess their relationship to outcomes across selected cohorts of non-communicable chronic diseases from Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden. Step 1 (identification of gender-related variables): Based on the gender framework of the Women Health Research Network (ie, identity, role, relations and institutionalised gender), and available literature for a certain disease, an optimal ‘wish-list’ of gender-related variables was created and discussed by experts. Step 2 (definition of outcomes): Data dictionaries were screened for clinical and patient-relevant outcomes, using the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement framework. Step 3 (building of feasible final list): a cross-validation between variables per database and the ‘wish-list’ was performed. Step 4 (retrospective data harmonisation): The harmonisation potential of variables was evaluated. Step 5 (definition of data structure and analysis): The following analytic strategies were identified: (1) local analysis of data not transferable followed by a meta-analysis combining study-level estimates; (2) centrally performed federated analysis of data, with the individual-level participant data remaining on local servers; (3) synthesising the data locally and performing a pooled analysis on the synthetic data and (4) central analysis of pooled transferable data. The application of the GOING-FWD multistep approach can help guide investigators to analyse gender and its impact on outcomes in previously collected data.

Cybersecurity in Israel

2021 ◽  
pp. 630-648
Author(s):  
Lior Tabansky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Economic Boom

The long-standing pillars in the grand strategy of Israel—namely, the qualitative edge principle and self-reliance in defence—enabled considerable cybersecurity achievements. Israel, the sole developed nation facing existential threats, has carried out audacious cyberspace operations yet never suffered material damage from cyberattacks. ‘Made in Israel’ inventions have long been embedded in building blocks of the global digital technologies, and drive much of the economic boom. As high-technology innovation flourishes, strategic choices taken over many decades created the foundations of Israel’s vibrant innovation ecosystem. Power, the currency of international relations, undergoes technology-driven change. Innovation capacity grows in importance in periods of profound change. Cyber power must be smart, integrating hard and soft power. The official Israel now shares sensitive cybersecurity expertise with foreign stakeholders, aiming to advance a range of foreign policy goals from counterterrorism to sustainable development. The milestones in Israel’s national cybersecurity evolution include the 2002 state-guided Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP); the 2011 official national cybersecurity strategy with ambitious goals and comprehensive scope; and the most recent developments in the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD) and the Israel Defence Forces (IDF). However, Israel’s cybersecurity journey is far from complete. Harnessing digital transformation, in particular narrow artificial intelligence and intelligent systems, requires further profound innovation in national security. This chapter outlines four guiding principles and forces shaping Israel’s cybersecurity, and sketches three long-term policy challenges for Israel. As long as a coherent strategy guides innovation, Israel as well as other small nations can gain and utilize ample cyber power.

Four Models for Corporate Transformative, Open Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Boni ◽  
Diana Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Model Choice ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Developmental Status ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Over Time

Four models are identified for organizations to pursue simultaneous core growth and transformative innovation leveraging open innovation principles: 1) corporate accelerators —engage with or create autonomous startups; 2) external startup platforms — engage with startups through established third parties, 3) consortia or alliances — leverage resources of peers and emergent players across the innovation ecosystem; and; 4) direct entrepreneurial approach -- work from within the organization to develop new units. We identify “innovation maturity” as the key factor to select which model is most appropriate for the organization. Additional considerations include the resources, processes and values of the organization, and the developmental status of the transformative technology. Model choice(s) are dynamic and can evolve over time as the innovation capacity of the organization matures and adapts to change.

scholarly journals INTELLIGENT, INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA – PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Desislava Petrova
Keyword(s):  
High Technology ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Barriers To Innovation ◽  
European Policies ◽  
The Eu

The report analyzes industrial transfor-mation through smart and sustainable growth, as well as building a culture of innovation in a new digital age. Innovative enterprises from Bulgaria are presented with their respective modern organizational structures and forms of innovative cooperation between them - Sofia Techpark, Trakia Economic Zone, Technological Park at the Technical University of Gabrovo. The barriers to innovation development of SMEs in Bulgaria are outlined. An example of a high technology center funded under the EU Operational Programs is presented. Answers to questions such as: what are the role of the innovation centers in the innovation ecosystem in Bulgaria; how to stimulate the transfer of talent between university and business; how the market for innovation of the future changes; why de-literacy is a factor of success; how to support innovation and digitization; what are the European policies in the field of innovation and digitization?

scholarly journals Explanatory and predictive drivers of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity: Evidence from family enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021-02-25 (OLF) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Martínez Bobillo ◽  
◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Sanz ◽  
Fernando Tejerina Gaite ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Family Enterprises ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Innovation Capacity

This paper aims to identify potential explanatory variables of the entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity (EO-IC) of family enterprises (FEs) through a comparative study of family businesses in Spain and Latin America. The innovation literature reports a paradigm shift whereby the dynamic boost provided by corporate governance and productivity is playing an increasing role as a driver of EO-IC and sustainable competitive advantage. This issue acquires particular relevance in the ase of family firms, where entrepreneurial and innovation capacities are characteristically hampered by socio-emotional and risk-aversion factors. We construct a panel of data on 182 large family enterprises (1,820 observations) domiciled in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Spain, drawing on the Thomson Onebanker and ORBIS databases for the period 2008-2018. The results reveal the emergence of new explanatory variables for the structure of the family-firm EO-IC framework, some related to productivity; others more basically to corporate governance. They also show that, in Latin America, the use of business efficiency (productivity) factors in the planning and potentiation of EO-IC by family firms is hampered by the institutional (legal, regulatory, labour and educational) environment, where traditional factors such as firm size and ownership concentration are more relevant. In the Spanish case, however, the evidence points to a transition from traditional inputs towards business efficiency and productivity-related factors.

SERVICE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM THE DYNAMIC CAPABILITY PERSPECTIVE

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550038 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALF PLATTFAUT ◽  
BJOERN NIEHAVES ◽  
MATTHIAS VOIGT ◽  
ANDREA MALSBENDER ◽  
KEVIN ORTBACH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Access Service ◽  
It Support ◽  
Innovation Capacity

Service firms need to continuously innovate their service offerings in order to remain competitive in constantly changing market conditions. Successful innovators utilise current information technology (IT) to access service innovation capacity and knowledge which can be located internal or external to their organisation. In this paper, we develop and test a theoretical framework that explains how IT can contribute to service innovation performance, and finally, to service provision performance. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, we differentiate between sensing (SN), seizing (SZ), and transformation (TF) as the key abilities in service innovation. With our theoretical model, we can explain almost 40% of the variance in service innovation performance (SIP) (R2 = 0.3955) and provide evidence for the multi-faceted and significant effects of IT. In particular, we are able to show a significant influence of inter-organisational IT support on SN and SZ abilities while organisational IT support has a significant impact on TF abilities.

scholarly journals Understanding the Local Sustainable Economic Development from New “3D” Perspective: Case of Hainan Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10379
Author(s):  
Huili Yan ◽  
Guanghui Qiao ◽  
Hao Xiong ◽  
Bruce Prideaux
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Tourism Economy ◽  
3D Framework

This paper proposes a new T-3D measurement framework for calculating tourism economic space and as a tool able to assist in determining the sustainability of tourism development. The T-3D framework is described as a tourism-specific version of the Density, Distance, Division (3D) framework. Tourism economic concentration, level of integration and the degree of specialization are used to provide a touristic interpretation of density, distance and division. Taking Hainan Province as an example, this paper outlines the T-3D characteristics of tourism economic space. The results show that Hainan Province has large differences in the distribution of the tourism economy. In addition to the spatial division of the tourism economy, the spatial density and distance of the tourism economy are basically consistent in value. Further, the spatial density and division of the tourism economy exhibits a dual-core based on the cities of Sanya and Haikou, and the spatial distance of the tourism economy exhibits “core-peripheral” characteristics. The tourism economic space shows that the highest agglomeration based on T-3D characteristics occurs in the east followed by the west with the lowest agglomeration in the middle of the province. Using empirical analysis, the validity of the T-3D analysis system of the tourism economic space is verified and this is more conducive to improving the competitiveness of the tourism industry and promoting sustainable tourism development.

scholarly journals Buying Through Social Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-93
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Martínez-López ◽  
Yangchun Li ◽  
Changyuan Feng ◽  
David López-López
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Purchase Behaviors

Social platforms are currently encountering a set of burning issues: low ad conversion rates, cross-channel free-riding phenomena, lack of monetary incentives to retain premium content creators, etc. Direct purchase behaviors between social platform users (e.g., making a direct purchase through a seller's promotional post) can largely resolve these problems. Therefore, it is imperative to study the factors that influence users' direct purchase behavior. This paper focuses on risk- and trust-related factors, proposing a theoretical model that was tested on two samples of Chinese users of WeChat. The authors concluded that users tend to evaluate the shopping risk associated with the social platform first, then go through a process of building trust in the platform before making purchases. Further, this trust can generate a halo effect on seller risk. Finally, trust and seller risk directly impact on users' purchase intention to buy from the seller on the platform.

scholarly journals Motives For Employee Profit Sharing Schemes In The U.S., U.K. And Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Daneshfar ◽  
Farhad Simyar ◽  
Michael Rolleri ◽  
Robert Wnek
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The U.S

This paper discusses different motives for profit sharing adoption in the U.S., Canada and the U.K., and analyzes employment-based factors that could contribute to these differences. Motives for profit sharing are classified into two groups: motivational and non-motivational. A theoretical model is presented that suggests a firm’s ability to use profit sharing for non-motivational purposes is limited by the status of domestic employment-related factors. The analytical review indicates that the non-motivational use of profit sharing is limited by the status of employment-related factors in each of the studied countries. However, the non-motivational use of profit sharing is probable if higher labor productivity is expected through other means. Implication of the results is discussed for future studies in this area.

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