Multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli: a cross-sectional study in National Kidney Center, Nepal

Background: The increasing reports on multidrug resistant Escherichia coli has become a potential threat to global health. Here, we present a cross-sectional study to characterize extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and metallo β-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from different human clinical samples.Methods: A total of 300 clinical Gram negative bacterial isolates were collected and re-characterized for the identification of E. coli following standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was initially screened by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and MIC methods. The resistant isolates were confirmed to be ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers by their respective phenotypic confirmatory tests of combined disc method.Results: We identified 203 (68%) E. coli and 97 (32%) Non-E. coli isolates. The highest recovery of E. coli was from urine samples 72 (35%). Combined disc method using ceftazidime/ceftazidime+clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/cefotaxime+clavulanic acid confirmed 156 (79%) and 144 (73%) E. coli as ESBL producers, respectively. Thirty-four (34%) and 16 (27%) resistant E. coli isolates were confirmed to be AmpC and MBL producers, likewise.Conclusions: Increased prevalence of ESBL, AmpC and MBL producing E. coli were observed. Beta-lactamase mediated resistance appears to be prime mechanism in the multidrug resistant E. coli. Thus, early detection of beta lactamase producing E. coli is necessary to avoid treatment failure and prevent the spread of MDR.

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Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.654125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Massé ◽

Hélène Lardé ◽

John M. Fairbrother ◽

Jean-Philippe Roy ◽

David Francoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Passive Surveillance ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

High Prevalence

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important burden for public health and veterinary medicine. For Québec (Canada) dairy farms, the prevalence of AMR is mostly described using passive surveillance, which may be misleading. In addition, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli is unknown. This observational cross-sectional study used random dairy farms (n = 101) to investigate AMR and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli. Twenty antimicrobials were tested on E. coli isolates (n = 593) recovered from fecal samples (n = 599) from calves, cows, and the manure pit. Isolates were mostly susceptible (3% AMR or less) to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials in humans. The highest levels of AMR were to tetracycline (26%), sulfisozaxole (23%) and streptomycin (19%). The resistance genes responsible for these resistances were, respectively: tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3”)-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5. ESBL analysis revealed two predominant phenotypes: AmpC (51%) and ESBL (46%) where blaCMY−2 and blaCTX−M(blaCTX−M−1, blaCTX−M−15, and blaCTX−M−55) were the genes responsible for these phenotypes, respectively. During this study, 85% of farms had at least one ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli. Isolates from calves were more frequently resistant than those from cows or manure pits. Although prevalence of AMR was low for critically important antimicrobials, there was a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on Quebec dairy farms, particularly in calves. Those data will help determine a baseline for AMR to evaluate impact of initiatives aimed at reducing AMR.

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Risk factors and spatial distribution of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing- Escherichia coli at retail poultry meat markets in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-016-3377-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. B. Aliyu ◽

A. A. Saleha ◽

A. Jalila ◽

Z. Zunita

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Meat Markets

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An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-018-0286-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo ◽

Adriana C. Moreno-Flores ◽

Francisco J. Avelar-González ◽

Francisco Márquez-Díaz ◽

Josée Harel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

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Biofilm Formation and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producer among Acinetobacter Species Isolated in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (220) ◽

Author(s):

Manisha Sharma ◽

Jyotshna Sapkota ◽

Beena Jha ◽

Bhavesh Mishra ◽

Chandra Prakash Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Low Grade ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Acinetobacter Species ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum

Introduction: Acinetobacter species are short, stout, gram-negative coccobacilli, generally considered to be a relatively low-grade pathogen. However, its resistance towards multiple classes of antibiotics through an array of resistance mechanisms including its ability to form biofilm has led to its emergence as an important pathogen in hospital settings. This study was done to determine the prevalence of biofilm former and Extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase producer among Acinetobacter species. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the clinical microbiology laboratory, Kathmandu Medical College from January to June 2019. Convenient sampling method was used. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee, Ref no. 2812201805. Preliminary identification followed by characterization of Acinetobacter species was done. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase was detected by combined disc method and Biofilm detection was done using congo red agar method. Statistical Package for Social Sciences 16.0 version statistical software package was used for statistical analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequencyand proportion for binarydata. Results: Among 108 Acinetobacter species, 86 (79.7%) Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex was seen. Seventy-eight (72%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, 34 (31%) of the isolates were Extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase producer and only 10 (9.3%) of the isolates, were biofilm producers. Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. with the ability to produce Extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase is prevalent in our hospital settings. Strict compliance with infection control practices is necessary to curb its spread.

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Antibiotic Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli from Clinical Samples

Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jkahs.v3i2.31324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 102-110

Author(s):

Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Indrani Jadhav ◽

Megha Raj Banjara

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Microbiological Techniques ◽

Skin Commensals

Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamases have addressed the serious challenges worldwide due to the emergence of ESBL producing genes which possess a serious threat for the treatment of infections both in community and hospitals since it is found to be increasing trends of multidrug resistance. This study was focused to find out the antibiotic profile of multidrug resistant Escherichia .coli and status of ESBLs producing E.coli. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years (September 2017 to April 2019) at microbiology laboratory of Nepal Mediciti Hospital. A total of 16542 samples were processed. Various clinical samples were collected from both inpatients and outpatients aseptically and without contaminating skin commensals. Standard microbiological techniques were used for isolation and identification of pathogens. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases were phenotypically confirmed by combined disc method. Results: Out of 1449 E.coli isolates, 323(22.29%) were found to be MDR E.coli. Isolation rate of ESBL producing E.coli (66.56%) were found to be high among MDR E.coli isolates. Conclusion: There was increasing prevalence of ESBL producing E.coli and was essential to monitor antibiotic susceptibility pattern and formulate antibiotic policy to prevent the spread of MDR and ESBL producers.

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