scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance trends in bloodstream infections at a large teaching hospital in China: a 20-year surveillance study (1998-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Ziyong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital

scholarly journals BACTERIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN THE SURGERY WARDS OF A LARGE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN ITALY

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Esposito ◽  
Renato Gioia ◽  
Giuseppe De Simone ◽  
Silvana Noviello ◽  
Sebastiano Leone
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital

Objectives: Surgical infections represent an increasingly important problem for the National Health System. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the microorganisms concerned as well as the utilization of antibiotics in the General and Emergency Surgery wards of a large teaching hospital in southern Italy in the period 2011-2013.Methods: Data concerning bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility were retrieved from the Vitek II database. The pharmacy provided data about the consumption of antibiotics in the above reported wards. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze categorical variables.Results: In all, 94 Gram-negative were isolated in 2011, 77 in 2012, and 125 in 2013, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa always being the most frequently isolated microorganisms. In the same years, there were respectively 105, 93, and 165 Gram-positive isolated, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly found. No significant variation in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern was observed, either among Gram-negative or among Gram-positive pathogens; carbapenems (especially meropenem) consumption remained stable over time.Conclusions: Our results show no significant increase in antimicrobial resistance over the period in question, and a higher rate of both MRSA isolates and resistance to carbapenems in A. baumannii compared with other European data.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Trends of Bloodstream Infections among Pediatric and Adult Patients at a Teaching Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal: Role of Drug Resistant Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Hridaya Parajuli ◽  
Roshan Pandit ◽  
Jyotsna Shakya ◽  
Puspa Raj Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are among the significant causes of morbidity and mortality for patients of all age groups. However, very little is known about the trends of bacterial bloodstream infections and antimicrobial susceptibilities among pediatric and adult population from Nepal. In this study, we have investigated the different etiological agents responsible for bloodstream infections among pediatric and adult patients and the role of drug resistant organisms in these infections at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 3,088 blood culture specimens obtained from pediatric and adult patients suspected to have bloodstream infections were processed by standard microbiological methods. Significant bacterial pathogens were identified by morphological, biochemical, and serological methods as suggested by American Society for Microbiology. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and interpreted according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Overall, incidence of bloodstream infections among the suspected patients was 7.48%. Pediatric patients (n=90, 9.37%) were the significant subgroup of patients affected with bloodstream infections compared to adults (p<0.05, CI-95%). Gram positive (n=49, 54.4%) bacteria in pediatric and gram negative bacteria (n=141, 78.7%) in adult patients were the most common isolates for BSI.Staphylococcus aureus(n=41, 45.6%) in pediatric patients andSalmonella enterica(n=40, 28.3%) in adult patients were the leading pathogens. Trends of antimicrobial resistance among isolated bacterial strains were significantly high in adults compared to pediatric patients. Methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (31.4%), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (12.5%), and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) (3.9%) producing gram negatives were major resistant strains. Our study shows higher rates of bloodstream infections in pediatric patients compared to adult patients. Alarming rates of antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates is a serious issue. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and rational antimicrobial therapy are extremely needed.

scholarly journals Use of Ceftaroline in Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Daniele Roberto Giacobbe ◽  
Chiara Russo ◽  
Veronica Martini ◽  
Silvia Dettori ◽  
Federica Briano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Medical Wards

A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the use of ceftaroline in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, during a period also including the first months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary objective was to describe the use of ceftaroline in terms of indications and characteristics of patients. A secondary objective was to describe the rate of favorable clinical response in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-BSI) receiving ceftaroline. Overall, 200 patients were included in the study. Most of them had COVID-19 (83%, 165/200) and were hospitalized in medical wards (78%, 155/200). Included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were given empirical ceftaroline in the suspicion of bacterial co-infection or superinfection. Among patients with MRSA-BSI, ceftaroline was used as a first-line therapy and salvage therapy in 25% (3/12) and 75% (9/12) of cases, respectively, and as a monotherapy or in combination with daptomycin in 58% (7/12) and 42% (5/12) of patients, respectively. A favorable response was registered in 67% (8/12) of patients. Improving etiological diagnosis of bacterial infections is essential to optimize the use of ceftaroline in COVID-19 patients. The use of ceftaroline for MRSA-BSI, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-MRSA agents, showed promising rates of favorable response.

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