scholarly journals Strain-level analysis reveals the vertical microbial transmission during the life cycle of bumblebee

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzhi Su ◽  
Qinglin Wang ◽  
Xiaohuan Mu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yujie Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Metagenome Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Background Microbial acquisition and development of the gut microbiota impact the establishment of a healthy host-microbes symbiosis. Compared with other animals, the eusocial bumblebees and honeybees possess a simple, recurring, and similar set of gut microbiota. However, all bee gut phylotypes have high strain-level diversity. Gut communities of different bee species are composed of host-specific groups of strains. The variable genomic regions among strains of the same species often confer critical functional differences, such as carbon source utilization, essential for the natural selection of specific strains. The annual bumblebee colony founded by solitary queens enables tracking the transmission routes of gut bacteria during development stages. Results Here, we first showed the changes in the microbiome of individual bumblebees across their holometabolous life cycle. Some core gut bacteria persist throughout different stages of development. Gut microbiota of newly emerged workers always resembles those of their queens, suggesting a vertical transmission of strains from queens to the newborn workers. We then follow the dynamic changes in the gut community by comparing strain-level metagenomic profiles of queen-worker pairs longitudinally collected across different stages of the nest development. Species composition of both queen and worker shifts with the colony’s growth, and the queen-to-worker vertical inheritance of specific strains was identified. Finally, comparative metagenome analysis showed clear host-specificity for microbes across different bee hosts. Species from honeybees often possess a higher level of strain variation, and they also exhibited more complex gene repertoires linked to polysaccharide digestion. Our results demonstrate bacterial transmission events in bumblebee, highlighting the role of social interactions in driving the microbiota composition. Conclusions By the community-wide metagenomic analysis based on the custom genomic database of bee gut bacteria, we reveal strain transmission events at high resolution and the dynamic changes in community structure along with the colony development. The social annual life cycle of bumblebees is key for the acquisition and development of the gut microbiota. Further studies using the bumblebee model will advance our understanding of the microbiome transmission and the underlying mechanisms, such as strain competition and niche selection.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Emilie Moens de Hase ◽  
Matthias Van Hul
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Science Area ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Host Metabolism

The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Kouya Hattori ◽  
Masahiro Akiyama ◽  
Natsumi Seki ◽  
Kyosuke Yakabe ◽  
Koji Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Analysis

While poorly-absorbed sugar alcohols such as sorbitol are widely used as sweeteners, they may induce diarrhea in some individuals. However, the factors which determine an individual’s susceptibility to sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea remain unknown. Here, we show that specific gut bacteria are involved in the suppression of sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria increased in response to sorbitol consumption. We found that Escherichia coli of the family Enterobacteriaceae degraded sorbitol and suppressed sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Finally, we showed that the metabolism of sorbitol by the E. coli sugar phosphotransferase system helped suppress sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Therefore, gut microbiota prevented sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea by degrading sorbitol in the gut. The identification of the gut bacteria which respond to and degrade sugar alcohols in the intestine has implications for microbiome science, processed food science, and public health.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with High-Fat Diet in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwon Jo ◽  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Seong-Eun Park ◽  
Hyun-Woo Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Obesity can be caused by microbes producing metabolites; it is thus important to determine the correlation between gut microbes and metabolites. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota-metabolomic signatures that change with a high-fat diet and understand the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the profiles of the gut microbiota and metabolites that changed after a 60% fat diet for 8 weeks, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analyses were performed. Mice belonging to the HFD group showed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes compared to the control group. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, such as Lactococcus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Harryflintia, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Erysipelatoclostridium, was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the control group. The increased relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HFD group was positively correlated with fecal ribose, hypoxanthine, fructose, glycolic acid, ornithine, serum inositol, tyrosine, and glycine. Metabolic pathways affected by a high fat diet on serum were involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and trypto-phan biosynthesis. This study provides insight into the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites altered by HFD and may help to understand the mechanisms underlying obesity mediated by gut microbiota.

Lactobacillus casei LC89 exert antidiabetic effects through regulating hepatic glucagon response and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Yunjiao Zhao ◽  
Hairong Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Previous study suggests Lactobacillus casei exhibit antihyperglycemic activity, however, the molecular mechanism has rarely been elucidated. Here, the anti-diabetic effects and underlying mechanisms of Lactobacillus casei LC89 were investigated in...

scholarly journals The Relationship between Frequently Used Glucose-Lowering Agents and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Lv ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Weiying Guo ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, have become global health issues. The etiology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. Current evidence suggests the association of gut microbiota with metabolic diseases. However, the effects of glucose-lowering agents on gut microbiota are poorly understood. Several studies revealed that these agents affect the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and consequently improve glucose metabolism and energy balance. Possible underlying mechanisms include affecting gene expression, lowering levels of inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, gut microbiota may alleviate adverse effects caused by glucose-lowering agents, and this can be especially beneficial in diabetic patients who experience severe gastrointestinal side effects and have to discontinue these agents. In conclusion, gut microbiota may provide a novel viewpoint for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes of the luminal and mucosa-associated gut microbiota during and after antibiotic therapy with paromomycin

Gut Microbes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke-Anouska Heinsen ◽  
Henrik Knecht ◽  
Sven C Neulinger ◽  
Ruth A Schmitz ◽  
Carolin Knecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Dynamic Changes

Temporal variation in the weight-size relationship of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus L. (Decapoda: Ucididae) in relation to its life cycle phases

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos de Miranda Leão Leite ◽  
Cynthia Yuri Ogawa ◽  
Carla Ferreira Rezende ◽  
José Roberto Feitosa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between weight and size of individuals can be used to evaluate the status of a population, which is particularly useful for natural populations that are being exploited. Ucides cordatus occurs on the Atlantic coast of the American continent, from Florida (USA) to Santa Catarina (Brazil). This species is economically very important, most of all in the Northeastern area of Brazil, as well as in the Dominican Republic and Suriname. The objective of this study was to analyze life phases (‘fattening’, ‘matumba’, ‘milk-crab’, ‘maturation’ and ‘walking’) by use of the weight-length relationships, as well as temporal variations in this condition factor for each sex of U. cordatus. For this purpose, individuals were sampled monthly for twenty-four months at the Jaguaribe River estuary, Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil. The relationship between total weight and cephalothorax width was established using regression analysis, adjusted by a power equation. The dynamics of the condition factor were analyzed for each sex using the variation of its averages related to annual life cycle; this was done for each of the previously-mentioned phases. The relationship between total weight and cephalothorax width showed an isometric growth in males and negative allometric growth in females suggesting that, for the same reference size, males are heavier than females. When considering the average of the female condition factors, these were greater than those for males during the annual life cycle, except during the ‘maturation’ phase, which is the phase with a higher demand of energetic reserves for males. Annual variation of the condition factor in females presented no significant difference.

scholarly journals Species and strain cultivation of skin, oral, and gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fleming ◽  
Victor Pabst ◽  
Amelia Hoyt ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Rachel Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Human Microbiota

Genomics-driven discovery of microbial species have provided extraordinary insights into the biodiversity of human microbiota. High resolution genomics to investigate species- and strain-level diversity and mechanistic studies, however, rely on the availability of individual microbes from a complex microbial consortia. Here, we describe and validate a streamlined workflow for cultivating microbes from the skin, oral, and gut microbiota, informed by metagenomic sequencing, mass spectrometry, and strain profiling.

scholarly journals Gut Bacteria Shared by Children and Their Mothers Associate with Developmental Level and Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Hui Fang ◽  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Guojun Wu ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Microbial Structure

Gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis and development of autism spectrum disorder. The maternal gut microbiota influences offspring gut microbial structure and composition.

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