Pharmacological and immunological effects of praziquantel against Schistosoma japonicum: a scoping review of experimental studies

Purpose: Depression is a common and debilitating condition that often goes undetected and untreated among people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We conducted a scoping review to identify psychosocial depression interventions for adult dialysis patients and gaps in depression care, with particular attention to Latinos, a group disproportionately affected by ESRD in the United States. Methods: We searched electronic databases and grey literature sources for studies in English and Spanish. Results: We found 36 studies including cognitive behavioral, problem-solving, hope, psychoeducation, expressive writing, and physical activity interventions. Twelve studies (33%) were U.S.-based, while the rest were conducted elsewhere. U.S.-based studies involved mostly individual-format cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions carried out during dialysis. CBTs showed the most promising effect on depression in both randomized clinical and quasi-experimental studies. Among 22 randomized trials reviewed, 1 reported participants with Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: More intervention research is needed for depression treatment with ESRD patients, especially Latinos.

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A scoping review of the evidence for efficacy of acupuncture in companion animals

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252317000068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 177-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wesley J. Rose ◽

Jan M. Sargeant ◽

W. J. Brad Hanna ◽

David Kelton ◽

Dianna M. Wolfe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Case Reports ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Case Series ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Experimental Trials

AbstractAcupuncture has become increasingly popular in veterinary medicine. Within the scientific literature there is debate regarding its efficacy. Due to the complex nature of acupuncture, a scoping review was undertaken to identify and categorize the evidence related to acupuncture in companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses). Our search identified 843 relevant citations. Narrative reviews represented the largest proportion of studies (43%). We identified 179 experimental studies and 175 case reports/case series that examined the efficacy of acupuncture. Dogs were the most common subjects in the experimental trials. The most common indication for use was musculoskeletal conditions, and the most commonly evaluated outcome categories among experimental trials were pain and cardiovascular parameters. The limited number of controlled trials and the breadth of indications for use, outcome categories, and types of acupuncture evaluated present challenges for future systematic reviews or meta-analyses. There is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials addressing the most common clinical uses of acupuncture, and using consistent and clinically relevant outcomes, to inform conclusions regarding the efficacy of acupuncture in companion animals.

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Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Training for Pediatric Gait Disorders: A Scoping Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 323

Author(s):

Yosra Cherni ◽

Léandre Gagné-Pelletier ◽

Laurent Bouyer ◽

Catherine Mercier

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Treadmill Training ◽

Positive Pressure ◽

Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the literature on the use of anti-gravity treadmills and its effects on lower-limb motor functions in children and adolescents with locomotor impairments. Method: Four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science) were searched for articles from inception to August 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) experimental or quasi-experimental studies using anti-gravity training as the primary intervention; (2) studies conducted in pediatric participants; (3) articles reporting outcomes related to lower-limb functions; and (4) studies published in French or English. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the review. Studies included children and adolescents aged 4–18 years with locomotor impairments. Intervention duration ranged from 2 to 12 weeks, with 2–5 sessions per week. Included studies reported that anti-gravity training induces improvements in muscle strength, balance, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and walking endurance in children with locomotor impairments. Conclusion: This review provides relevant information about interventions, outcomes and limits associated with anti-gravity training in pediatrics. Overall, anti-gravity treadmill training could be viewed as a valuable training modality, specifically for children with cerebral palsy. However, a more precise and comprehensive description of anti-gravity training protocols would be useful.

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Digital Gamification to Enhance Vaccine Knowledge and Uptake: Scoping Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16983 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ilaria Montagni ◽

Inass Mabchour ◽

Christophe Tzourio

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Digital Tools ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Relative Paucity ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a growing threat to population health, and effective interventions are needed to reduce its frequency. Digital gamification is a promising new approach to tackle this public health issue. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the amount and quality of outcomes in studies evaluating gamified digital tools created to increase vaccine knowledge and uptake. METHODS We searched for peer-reviewed articles published between July 2009 and August 2019 in PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Medical Internet Research, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SocINDEX. Studies were coded by author, year of publication, country, journal, research design, sample size and characteristics, type of vaccine, theory used, game content, game modality, gamification element(s), data analysis, type of outcomes, and mean quality score. Outcomes were synthesized through the textual narrative synthesis method. RESULTS A total of 7 articles met the inclusion criteria and were critically reviewed. Game modalities and gamification elements were diverse, but role play and a reward system were present in all studies. These articles included a mixture of randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and studies comprising quantitative and qualitative measures. The majority of the studies were theory-driven. All the identified gamified digital tools were highly appreciated for their usability and were effective in increasing awareness of vaccine benefits and motivation for vaccine uptake. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relative paucity of studies on this topic, this scoping review suggests that digital gamification has strong potential for increasing vaccination knowledge and, eventually, vaccination coverage.

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Experimental Studies of Front-of-Package Nutrient Warning Labels on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Ultra-Processed Foods: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 569 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽

Marissa G. Hall ◽

Barry M. Popkin ◽

Shu Wen Ng ◽

Nandita Murukutla

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Behavioral Intentions ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Cognitive Elaboration ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

Full Text Review

Policies that require front-of-package (FoP) nutrient warnings are becoming increasingly common across the globe as a strategy to discourage excess consumption of sugary drinks and ultra-processed food. However, a better understanding of the pathway through which FoP nutrient warnings work, as well as a review of how outcomes being measured in recent studies map onto this pathway, are needed in order to inform policy on the most effective FoP label design for reducing purchases of ultra-processed foods. This scoping review describes a conceptual model for how FoP nutrient warnings affect consumer behavior, examines which of these outcomes are currently being measured, and summarizes evidence from randomized controlled experiments. Twenty-two studies which experimentally tested nutrient warnings against a control label or other labeling systems were included for full-text review. Our conceptual model includes attention; comprehension, cognitive elaboration, and message acceptance; negative affect and risk perception; behavioral intentions, and behavioral response, along with other elements such as external factors and interpersonal communications. We found that many studies focused on outcomes such as attention, comprehension, and behavioral intentions, but considerable gaps in the evidence remain, particularly for intermediary steps on the pathway to behavioral change, such as negative affect and social interactions. FoP nutrient warnings were visually attended to by consumers, easy to understand, helped consumers identify products high in nutrients of concern, and discouraged them from purchasing these products, although other labeling systems were perceived as containing more information and performed better at helping consumers rank the healthfulness of products. More research is needed to understand whether and how nutrient warnings work in the real world to discourage consumer purchases of sugary drinks and ultra-processed food.

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Efficacy and safety of diuretics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a scoping review

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319643 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. heartjnl-2021-319643

Author(s):

Arushi Singh ◽

Anubha Agarwal ◽

Q. Eileen Wafford ◽

Sanjiv J Shah ◽

Mark Huffman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Unpublished Studies ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveDiuretics reduce congestion in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, comparison of clinical effects across diuretic classes or combinations of diuretics in patients with HFpEF are not well described. Therefore, we sought to conduct a scoping review to map trial data of diuretic efficacy and safety in patients with HFpEF.Review methods and resultsWe searched multiple bibliometric databases for published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov, and hand searched unpublished studies comparing different classes of diuretics to usual care or placebo in patients with HFpEF. We included randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. Two authors independently screened and extracted key data using a structured form. We identified 13 published studies on diuretics in HFpEF, with 1 evaluating thiazide use, 7 on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and 5 on sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). There remain 17 ongoing trials evaluating loop diuretics (n=1), MRAs (n=5), SGLT2i (n=10) and a polydiuretic (n=1), including 2 well-powered trials of SGLT2i that will be completed in 2021.ConclusionsThe limited number of published trials evaluating different classes of diuretics in patients with HFpEF have been generally small and short term. Ongoing and emerging trials of single or combination diuretics with greater power will be useful to better define their safety and efficacy.Scoping review registrationdoi:10.18131/g3-dejv-tm77.

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Cost effectiveness of dietary interventions for individuals with mental disorders: A scoping review of experimental studies

Nutrition & Dietetics ◽

10.1111/1747-0080.12703 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tracy Burrows ◽

Scott Teasdale ◽

Tetyana Rocks ◽

Megan Whatnall ◽

Julia Schindlmayr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Dietary Interventions

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Evidence for an Association Between Hearing Impairment and Disrupted Sleep: Scoping Review

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2019_aja-19-0026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1015-1024

Author(s):

Nathan A. Clarke ◽

Derek J. Hoare ◽

Edward C. Killan

Keyword(s):

Hearing Impairment ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Sensory Impairment ◽

Exposed Workers ◽

Systematic Strategy ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Purpose Hearing impairment (HI) is the most common sensory impairment and may negatively impact sleep through reduced auditory input. Factors associated with HI such as anxiety regarding communication in daily life may also adversely impact an individual's sleep. Here, research on the relationship between HI and sleep disruption was catalogued using scoping review methodology. Method A systematic strategy was employed to search various electronic databases. This review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review Extension. Results Sixteen records met inclusion criteria. Studies have investigated sleep in HI as a primary aim in noise-exposed workers or large surveys in older participants. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies report alterations to sleep architecture of potential neuroplastic origins. Studies reporting sleep as a secondary aim generally report poorer sleep in HI participants. Conclusions This scoping review has catalogued evidence that altered or negatively impacted sleep may be associated with HI. Potential confounding factors, mechanisms, and considerations for future research are discussed. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9968369

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Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism of affective state, a scoping review

10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0075 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jane Morphett ◽

◽

Alexandra Whittaker ◽

Amy Reichelt ◽

Mark Hutchinson

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Affective State ◽

Ion Homeostasis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Future Research ◽

Perineuronal Nets ◽

Perineuronal Net

Is the perineuronal net structure within emotional processing brain regions associated with changes in affective state? The objective of this scoping review is to bring together the literature on human and animal studies which have measured perineuronal net structure in brain regions associated with emotional processing (such as but not limited to amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Perineuronal nets are a specialised form of condensed extracellular matrix that enwrap and protect neurons (Suttkus et al., 2016), regulate synaptic plasticity (Celio and Blumcke, 1994) and ion homeostasis (Morawski et al., 2015). Perineuronal nets are dynamic structures that are influenced by external and internal environmental shifts – for example, increasing in intensity and number in response to stressors (Blanco and Conant, 2021) and pharmacological agents (Riga et al., 2017). This review’s objective is to generate a compilation of existing knowledge regarding the structural changes of perineuronal nets in experimental studies that manipulate affective state, including those that alter environmental stressors. The outcomes will inform future research directions by elucidating non-cellular central nervous system mechanisms that underpin positive and negative emotional states. These methods may also be targets for manipulation to manage conditions of depression or promote wellbeing. Population: human and animal Condition: affective state as determined through validated behavioural assessment methods or established biomarkers. This includes both positive and negative affective states. Context: PNN structure, measuringPNNs.

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