scholarly journals Phubbing and temperaments among young Lebanese adults: the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Bitar ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Wael Khansa ◽  
Sahar Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
South Lebanon

Abstract Background The rapid increasing rate of mobile and internet users in Lebanon, predisposes us to a high dependency on smartphones, leading to more phubbing. Phubbing has been found associated with many psychological factors. Thus, the main objectives of this study was (1) to evaluate the association between phubbing and temperaments, and (2) assess the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in the association between phubbing and temperaments among a sample of Lebanese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study, carried out between August and September 2020, enrolled 461 participants aged between 18 and 29 years old. Participants were recruited from all districts/governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and Bekaa) using the snowball technique. The Generic Scale of Phubbing, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and TEMPS-M were used to assess phubbing, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and temperaments respectively. Results Our results showed that higher depressive temperament (B = 1.21) was significantly associated with more phubbing, whereas higher self-esteem (B = − 0.32) was significantly associated with less phubbing. Regarding the mediating effect, self-esteem partially mediated the association between depressive temperament and phubbing (21.02%), whereas emotional intelligence had no mediating effect on the association between temperaments and phubbing. Conclusion A strong correlation between phubbing and temperaments has been found in our study with a partial mediating effect of self-esteem in this association. Our findings might be a first step for raising awareness to develop the etiquette of using smartphones by providing media education to families, and good media usage habits.

Medical ethics when moving towards non-anonymous gamete donation: the views of donors and recipients

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106947
Author(s):  
Sandra Pinto da Silva ◽  
Cláudia de Freitas ◽  
Susana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Gamete Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Psychosocial Counselling ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Double Track

Drawing on the views of donors and recipients about anonymity in a country that is experiencing a transition towards non-anonymous gamete donation mandated by the Constitutional Court, we explore how the intersection between rights-based approaches and an empirical framework enhances recommendations for ethical policy and healthcare. Between July 2017 and April 2018, 69 donors and 147 recipients, recruited at the Portuguese Public Bank of Gametes, participated in this cross-sectional study. Position towards anonymity was assessed through an open-ended question in a self-report questionnaire, which was subject to content analysis. Preference for an anonymous donation regime was mentioned by 82.6% of donors and 89.8% of recipients; and all those with children. Instead of the rights-based reasoning used by the Constitutional Court, donors highlighted concerns over future relationships and recipients focused on socioethical values linked with the safeguard of safety, privacy and confidentiality. The remaining participants advocated the choice between anonymity or non-anonymity (double-track policy), invoking respect for their autonomy. The complex, diverse ethical views and reasoning of donors and recipients expand a traditionally dichotomous discussion. Their perspectives challenge the transition towards non-anonymity and international guidelines, raising awareness to the need for their involvement in the design of policies to enable choice according to their values and preferences, and of psychosocial counselling responsive to their socioethical concerns and sensitive to their parental status. Empirical frameworks complement rights-based approaches to uphold justice, fairness and equal respect, and to incorporate utility, beneficence and non-maleficence in policymaking and healthcare in the transition towards non-anonymity.

scholarly journals Religious affiliation and suicidality among college students in China: A cross-sectional study across six provinces

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251698
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Kairi Kõlves ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhizhong ◽  
Harold G. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Christian College ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Several past studies indicated that religious beliefs, orientation, and practice are protective of suicide. Findings from recent studies in China suggest that religiosity may contribute to increased suicidality. However, few studies have examined the associations between religious affiliation across different faiths and suicidality in China. Objective The current study examines the association between religious affiliation and suicidality among college students in six provinces in China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 11,407 college students from six universities in Ningxia, Shandong, Shanghai, Jilin, Qinghai, and Shaanxi. We collected the data between October 2017 and March 2018 using self-report questionnaires. They included self-report measures of depression, psychache, hopelessness, self-esteem, social support, and life purpose. Results Participants with a Christian affiliation had 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.14, 1.99, p = 0.004) higher odds of indicating an elevated suicide risk, 3.1 times (95% CI: 1.90, 5.04, p<0.001) higher odds of indicating a previous suicide attempt, and increased overall suicidality (B = 0.105, p < 0.001) after accounting for demographic and risk/protective factors. Christians also scored the highest in depression, psychache, hopelessness, and the lowest social support, self-esteem, and purpose in life. Muslims reported decreased suicidality (B = -0.034, p = 0.031). Buddhism/Daoism yielded non-significant results in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions Christian college students reported increased suicidality levels, perhaps due to public policies on religion. The decreased suicidality levels among Muslims may be attributed to higher perceived social support. The associations between religious affiliation and suicidality, depression, and hopelessness contrast sharply with US samples. This finding may be influenced by interactions between the religious denomination, individual, and social/political factors. This conclusion includes the possibility of anti-religious discrimination, which this paper did not investigate as a possible mediator and therefore remains a conjecture worthy of future investigation.

scholarly journals Reduced Emotional Awareness and Distress Concealment: A Pathway to Loneliness for Young Men Seeking Mental Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kealy ◽  
Zac E. Seidler ◽  
Simon M. Rice ◽  
Daniel W. Cox ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outpatient Mental Health ◽  
Gender And Age

Background: Loneliness, the painful affective state that reflects perceived deficits in social relationships, is a significant health issue requiring further understanding. Individual differences in awareness and disclosure of emotional concerns may contribute to loneliness, and may do so diversely according to gender and age. The present study examined a hypothesized mediation pathway from emotional awareness abilities to loneliness through distress concealment, with moderation by gender and age, in a sample of adults attending outpatient mental health services.Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, 244 patients attending Canadian community mental health clinics completed study assessments at the commencement of care. Conditional process modeling examined interactions between gender and age and both emotional awareness and distress concealment in mediation models predicting loneliness.Results: A significant three-way interaction between gender, age, and distress concealment was observed, along with significant conditional moderated mediation. The indirect effect of emotional awareness on loneliness through the mediating effect of distress concealment was significant for young- and mid-adulthood men, but not for women or older men.Limitations: The study was limited by exclusive use of self-report assessment, and cross-sectional design precluding representation of causal sequencing over time.Conclusion: Findings suggest the pathway to loneliness from reduced emotional awareness through distress concealment to be particularly salient for younger men. Thus, intervention targeting restricted awareness and disclosure of emotional concerns should be considered in helping young men to address the pain of loneliness.

scholarly journals A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON ASSOCIATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE & STRESS LEVELS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF TELANGANA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata R Vaishampayan ◽  
Indrajeet P Shah
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

Objective: The present study was done to assess if there is any association between Emotional intelligence (EI) & stress among medical students. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, information was gathered through a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. It consisted of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 Questionnaire) & Schutte self-report EI test (SSEIT) to collect the information about stress levels and emotional intelligence respectively. Statistical test Chi-square was used and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS Version 23 was used for data analysis. Result: A total of 60 participants were assessed for Stress and EI. 11 (18.33%) students were found to be under severe stress. Majority (n=39, 65 %) of the students had high EI. Gender, type of stay (hostellers/day scholars) and stress levels were not found to be statistically significant with EI. Conclusion: Non -significant association between stress levels and EI was found hence other factors leading to stress in medical students should be investigated and studied. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Medical students, Stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Mental Disorders on the Emotional Intelligence Levels of Brazilian Medical Students: a Single Center Cross-Sectional Study, 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marayra Inês França Coury ◽  
João Gabriel Menezes Duca ◽  
Antonio Toledo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Doctor ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract: Introduction: Recent studies have shown the direct effects of emotional intelligence (EI) on medical practice and, more specifically, on establishing and maintaining a good doctor-patient relationship. The aim was to compare the EI levels of students from different years of medical school and to evaluate other factors that affect EI levels. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of medical students attending the 1st, 3rd and 6th years in a private institution in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A non-probabilistic convenience sample was used. EI levels were evaluated using the Schutte Self-Report EI Test, and demographic and personal data were collected. All volunteers signed the free and informed consent form prior to study inclusion. Statistical analysis used ANOVA, Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results: Two hundred twenty-five volunteers were recruited between October/2017 and April/2018. Sixteen (7.1%) were excluded due to incomplete questionnaires. The final sample comprised 209 participants (71 from the 1st year, 69 from the 3rd year and 69 from the 6th year). Most were women (66.0%), 95.2% were single, 10.0% had previously graduated and 16.3% reported a previous mental disorder diagnosis. The mean age was 23.2 (±3.9) years. There was no difference in the EI overall score and in the different EI domains scores among the students from the three years. Pearson’s test showed a weak positive correlation between age and total score (r=0.172; p=0.013) and perception of emotion (r=0.236; p=0.001). Multiple regression showed a significant positive association between age and the total score (p=0.040), Perception of Emotion (padjusted=0.013) and Managing Others’ Emotions (padjusted=0.020). A significant reduction in the total score (padjusted=0.033), in Managing Own Emotions (padjusted<0.001) and in the Managing Others’ Emotions (padjusted=0.025) was found for volunteers who reported a previous mental disorder. Conclusion: High levels of EI were observed in the 3 years. No association was observed between different EI scores and the course year. There was a positive correlation between age and total EI score, Perception of Emotions, Managing Own Emotions and Managing Others’ Emotions. The presence of a mental disorder was associated with a reduction in the total score and the scores for Managing Own Emotions and Managing Others’ Emotions.

scholarly journals The Mediation Effect of Self–Report Physical Activity Patterns in the Relationship between Educational Level and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Chilean Health National Survey 2016–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Julio Plaza-Diaz ◽  
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Cristi-Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016–2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association.

scholarly journals Association between emotional intelligence and empathy among medical students: a single center cross-sectional study, Brazil, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Teixeira Nunes Silva ◽  
Antonio Toledo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Empathy Score

Abstract: Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) and empathy are two essential skills for person-centered Medicine. Objectives: To evaluate the association between EI and empathy and to assess whether sociodemographic factors and year at the medical school influence the level of EI and empathy. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in medical students from a private educational institution in the city of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil. EI levels were assessed using the Schutte Self-report Emotional Intelligence Test and empathy levels were assessed using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (student version). All volunteers signed the Informed Consent Form before inclusion in the study. The statistical analysis used mean values, standard deviation, frequency distribution, Student’s t test, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: From August 5 to 30, 2019, 193 volunteers, corresponding to 85.8% of the total population, agreed to participate in the study. The total EI (129.8 ± 13.3) and empathy (121.2 ± 11.6) observed scores were high. EI scores were influenced only by age (padjusted = 0.018). Students attending more advanced semesters had higher total empathy scores (padjusted = 0.013). Students whose parents did not have a higher education degree also had a higher total empathy score (padjusted = 0.031). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the total EI and empathy scores ( ρ =0.304, p<0.001) and between the total empathy score and the EI domain Managing Others’ Emotions ( ρ =0.300, p<0.001). A weak positive correlation was also observed between the total EI score and most of the empathy domains. Conclusion: A positive correlation between emotional intelligence and empathy was observed. The age influenced EI and the year of medical school and parental schooling influenced empathy.

scholarly journals Facebook Intrusion as a Mediator Between Positive Capital and General Distress: A Cross-Cultural Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Przepiórka ◽  
Agata Błachnio ◽  
Mark Sullman ◽  
Oleg Gorbaniuk ◽  
Nicolson Yat-Fan Siu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Ego Resiliency

Background: Social networking sites (SNSs) play an important role in many aspects of life nowadays, and it seems to be crucial to explore their impact on human well-being and functioning. The main aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of Facebook intrusion between positive capital and general distress. Positive capital was considered as comprising self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and self-control, while general distress was seen as having three dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress.Methods: The sample consisted of N = 4,495 participants (M = 22.96 years, SD = 5.46) from 14 countries: Australia, Cyprus, Greece, Hong Kong, Lithuania, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States. We used the following methods: the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Brief Self-Control Scale (SCS), The Ego Resiliency Revised Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).Results: We found that Facebook intrusion was a mediator between self-esteem and general distress and between self-control and general distress.Limitations: The present study was based on a cross-sectional study, and the measures used were self-report measures. The majority of the participants were recruited using convenience sampling.Conclusions: The present findings contribute to a better understanding on how the social media have impact on individual mental health. Implications for future studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ Online Pornography Exposure and Its Relationship to Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Elisabeth K. Andrie ◽  
Irene Ikbale Sakou ◽  
Eleni C. Tzavela ◽  
Clive Richardson ◽  
Artemis K. Tsitsika
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Internet Behavior ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Externalizing Problem

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of online exposure to pornography in European adolescents and its relationship to sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates. A cross-sectional school-based survey of 10,930 adolescents (5211 males/5719 females), aged 14–17 years old (mean age 15.8 ± 0.7) was carried out in six European countries (Greece, Spain, Poland, Romania, the Netherlands, and Iceland). Anonymous self-completed questionnaires covered exposure to pornography, internet use and dysfunctional internet behavior, and psychopathological syndromes (measured by Achenbach’s Youth Self-Report). The prevalence of any online exposure to pornography was 59% overall and 24% for exposure at least once a week. The likelihood of online exposure to pornography was greater in male adolescents, heavier internet users, and those who displayed dysfunctional internet behavior. Country-specific analyses confirmed that the gender effect existed in every country, although its strength varied, from an odds ratio of 1.88 in Poland to 14.9 in Greece. Online exposure to pornography was shown to be associated with externalizing problem scale scores, especially rule-breaking and aggressive behavior, but also associated with higher scores in competences, namely activities and social competence. Exposure to pornography is ubiquitous, more relevant to boys, and is associated with both positive qualities/competences and externalizing behavioral problems.

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