scholarly journals Charaterizations of 3D printed re-entrant pattern/aramid knit composite prepared by various tilting angles

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imjoo Jung ◽  
Hyelim Kim ◽  
Sunhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Composite Fabrics

AbstractThis study intended to compare and analyze the Poisson's ratio and mechanical properties of aramid knit (ARNT), 3D printed auxetic re-entrant pattern (3DP-RE), and 2 types of composite fabrics manufactured with ARNT and 3DP-RE. Specimens were manufactured by 3D printing the re-entrant pattern with a CFDM (conveyor fused deposition modeling) 3D printer and TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) filament, combining with aramid knit in 2 ways. Then, Poisson's ratio, bending, compression, and tensile properties were tested. As a result of Poisson's ratio, 3DP-RE and its 2 types of composite fabric showed negative Poisson's ratio at all angles and deformed stable at 0° and 90° than the bias direction. The bending strength confirmed that the composite fabric showed a lower value. But, the strain at max bending strength was greater than a substrate fabric. At the compression properties, it has been confirmed that compression strength and toughness are improved when manufacturing composite fabrics. As a result of tensile properties, 3DP-RE and composite fabrics were significantly more initial modulus, elongation and toughness than ARNT and were shown to be the largest in gradient 90°. Therefore, it is confirmed that the performance is excellent when fabricated as a 3DP-RE/ARNT composite fabric, and based on the results of studies, we intend to use it as the basic data for composite fabrics of auxetic structure suitable for shoe uppers.

Physical property of 3D-printed sinusoidal pattern using shape memory TPU filament

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 2399-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaj Kabir ◽  
Hyelim Kim ◽  
Sunhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern

This study has investigated the physical properties of 3D-printable shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (SMTPU) filament and its 3D-printed sinusoidal pattern obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. To investigate 3D filaments, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and SMTPU filament were examined by conducting infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a tensile test. Then, to examine the 3D-printed sinusoidal samples, a sinusoidal pattern was developed and 3D-printed. Those samples went through a three-step heating process: (a) untreated state; (b) 5 min heating at 70°C, cooling for 30 min at room temperature; and (c) a repeat of step 2. The results obtained by the three different heating processes of the 3D-printed sinusoidal samples were examined by XRD, DMTA, DSC and the tensile test to obtain the effect of heating or annealing on the structural and mechanical properties. The results show significant changes in structure, crystallinity and thermal and mechanical properties of SMTPU 3D-printed samples due to the heating steps. XRD showed the increase in crystallinity with heating. In DMTA, storage modulus, loss modulus and the tan σ peak position also changed for various heating steps. The DSC result showed that the Tg for different steps of the SMTPU 3D-printed sample remained almost the same at around 51°C. The tensile property of the TPU 3D-printed sinusoidal sample decreased in terms of both load and elongation with increased heating processes, while for the SMTPU 3D-printed sinusoidal sample, the load decreased but elongation increased about 2.5 times.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Soft Structure of Polyurethane and Magnetorheological Fluid: A Proof-of-Concept Investigation of its Stiffness Tunability

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Woo Hong ◽  
Ji-Young Yoon ◽  
Seong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sun-Kon Lee ◽  
Yong-Rae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Printing

In this study, a soft structure with its stiffness tunable by an external field is proposed. The proposed soft beam structure consists of a skin structure with channels filled with a magnetorheological fluid (MRF). Two specimens of the soft structure are fabricated by three-dimensional printing and fused deposition modeling. In the fabrication, a nozzle is used to obtain channels in the skin of the thermoplastic polyurethane, while another nozzle is used to fill MRF in the channels. The specimens are tested by using a universal tensile machine to evaluate the relationships between the load and deflection under two different conditions, without and with permanent magnets. It is empirically shown that the stiffness of the proposed soft structure can be altered by activating the magnetic field.

Influence of nozzle temperature and volumetric filling on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Danny Vogel ◽  
Volker Weißmann ◽  
Leo Rührmund ◽  
Harald Hansmann ◽  
Rainer Bader
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Filling Degree ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Abstract Fused deposition modeling is a layer-by-layer 3D printing technology used to additively manufacture polymers. A major benefit of 3D-printed polymers is the option of tailoring their mechanical properties by varying the process parameters. In addition, the present study investigates the influence of the filling degree (50 % or 100 %) and the nozzle temperature during manufacturing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) material. PEEK samples were built either compact (filling degree 100 %) or closed-cell porous (filling degree 50 %), using three different nozzle temperatures (390 °C, 430 °C and 470 °C). In static bending tests, the bending properties were evaluated and compared with injection molded PEEK samples. Bending strength and modulus increased up to 21.1 %, when the nozzle temperature was increased and up to 40.8 % when the volumetric filling was altered. The results indicate that nozzle temperature and volumetric filling can be altered to tailor the bending properties of 3D-printed PEEK for particular applications. However, the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed samples determined in the current study could not achieve those of the properties of the injection molded PEEK.

scholarly journals Study on a Chiral Structure with Tunable Poisson’s Ratio

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338
Author(s):  
Yanming Fu ◽  
Tianbiao Yu ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Chiral Structure ◽  
Hollow Circle ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
Circle Diameter

A chiral structure with a negative Poisson’s ratio containing a hollow circle with varying diameters was designed, and the finite element method was used to investigate the variation in the Poisson’s ratio when the hollow circle diameter was varied (d = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm). The simulation results showed that the Poisson’s ratio was sensitive to the hollow circle diameter, and the minimum Poisson’s ratio was −0.43. Three specimens with different hollow circle diameters (d′ = 0, 1, and 3 mm) were 3D-printed from thermoplastic polyurethane, and the Poisson’s ratio and equivalent elastic modulus were measured. In the elastic range, the Poisson’s ratio increased and the equivalent elastic modulus decreased as the hollow circle diameter increased. The simulation and experimental results showed good agreement. The proposed structure is expected to be applicable to protective sports gear owing to its high energy absorption and the fact that its properties can be modified as required by adjusting the geometric parameters of the unit cell.

Characterization of PLA/TPU composite filaments manufactured for 3D printing with FDM

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110625
Author(s):  
Ajay Jayswal ◽  
Sabit Adanur
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were mixed in different proportions and extruded through twin-screw and single-screw extruders to obtain composite filaments to be used for 3D printing with fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. The properties of the filaments were characterized using uniaxial tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rheology, polarized optical microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 3D printed samples from composite filaments were tested using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the tensile strength and modulus of the filaments decrease while elongation at break increases with the increasing TPU content in the composite. The analysis also showed a partial miscibility of the polymer constituents in the solution of composite filaments. Finally, a flexible structure, plain weave fabric, was designed and 3D printed using the composite filaments developed which proved that the filaments are well suited for 3D printing.

scholarly journals Tribological and Dynamical Mechanical Behavior of Prototyped PLA-Based Polymers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3615
Author(s):  
Dumitru Nedelcu ◽  
Simona-Nicoleta Mazurchevici ◽  
Ramona-Iuliana Popa ◽  
Nicoleta-Monica Lohan ◽  
Demófilo Maldonado-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

It is essential to combine current state-of-the-art technologies such as additive manufacturing with current ecological needs. Due to the increasing demand for non-toxic biodegradable materials and products, human society has been searching for new materials. Consequently, it is compulsory to identify the qualities of these materials and their behavior when subjected to various external factors, to find their optimal solutions for application in various fields. This paper refers to the biodegradable Polylactic acid (PLA)-based filament (commercially known as Extrudr BDP (Biodegradable Plastic) Flax) compared with the biodegradable composite material PLA-lignin filament whose constituent’s trade name is Arboblend V2 Nature as a lignin base material and reinforcement with Extrudr BDP Pearl, a PLA based polymer, 3D printed by Fused Deposition Modeling technology. Certain mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending strength and DMA—Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) were also determined. The tribology behavior (friction coefficient and wear), the structure and the chemical composition of the biodegradable materials were investigated by SEM—Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDX—Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, XRD—X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, FTIR—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and TGA—Thermogravimetric Analysis. The paper also refers to the influence of technological parameters on the 3D printed filaments made of Extrudr BDP Flax and the optimization those of technological parameters. The thermal behavior during the heating of the sample was analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). As a result of the carried-out research, we intend to recommend these biodegradable materials as possible substituents for plastics in as many fields of activity as possible.

Embedding 3D Printed Filaments with Knitted Textiles: Investigation of Bonding Parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2098292
Author(s):  
Gozde Goncu-Berk ◽  
Burak Karacan ◽  
Ilke Balkis
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Bonding Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Additive Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

The advancements in additive manufacturing technology and new materials paved the way for 3D printed textile-like structures. However, achieving the comfort and fit of traditional textiles and joining of the 3D printed segments have been challenging. Embedding 3D printed polymers with textiles using fused deposition modeling offers possibilities for innovative hybrid structures and end-products without compromising on the flexibility and unique qualities of the traditional textiles. This study investigates 3D printing of flexible thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomer and rigid polylactic acid filaments on polyester and polyamide knitted textiles, and on laminated neoprene textiles. Perpendicular and shear tensile strength are tested before and after washing the samples manufactured by direct deposition of different filaments onto different textiles in multiple 3D forms. Results show that TPU filament is compatible with all textile surfaces and neoprene shows the best adhesion with all filament types before and after washing.

Nonlinearity of Enhanced Cell Structures Having Auxetic Material Properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chulho Yang ◽  
Young Bae Chang ◽  
Dongchan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Load Conditions

Abstract This research is aimed at proposing an enhanced re-entrant hexagonal structure and examining its auxetic behavior in compressive or tensile load conditions. An integrated experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) approach was used to investigate the behavior of the proposed structures in combination with polymeric materials (thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials such as Ninjaflex® and Semiflex®). We focused on the effect of nonlinearity of the structure on the overall stiffness and shock-absorption performance of the body protection pads. FEA models were used to examine how the stiffness and Poisson’s ratio are affected by static load conditions and also how the dynamic loads are transmitted through the auxetic structure. The static FEA models were verified through experimental testing. Advanced additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) were used to build fixtures and prototypes of the auxetic polymeric structures. Structural stiffness and Poisson’s ratio were examined not only in tensile loading condition but also in compression. Axial and lateral deformations were measured for given axial forces on the experimental model, and the measured values of Poisson’s ratio were compared with the computational results. It was shown that the enhanced re-entrant hexagonal structures had nonlinear behavior, which could be a useful property for developing body protection pads and stiffness-varying structures.

Multi-Material Composition Optimization vs Software-Based Single-Material Topology Optimization of a Rectangular Sample under Flexural Load for Fused Deposition Modeling Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 1042 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Vahid Hassani ◽  
Hamid Ahmad Mehrabi ◽  
Carl Gregg ◽  
Roger William O'Brien ◽  
Iñigo Flores Ituarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Hard Polymer ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Single Material ◽  
Soft Polymers

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been evolved over the last decade, enabling engineers and researchers to improve functionalities of parts by introducing a growing technology known as multi-material AM. In this context, fused deposition modeling (FDM) process has been modified to create multi-material 3D printed objects with higher functionality. The new technology enables it to combine several types of polymers with hard and soft constituents to make a 3D printed part with improved mechanical properties and functionalities. Knowing this capability, this paper aims to present a parametric optimization method using a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimum composition of hard polymer as polylactic acid (PLA) and soft polymer as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A) used in Ultimaker 3D printer for making a rectangular sample under flexural load in order to minimize the von Mises stress as an objective function. These samples are initially presented in four deferent forms in terms of composition of hard and soft polymers and then, after the optimization process, the final ratio of each type of material will be achieved. Based on the volume fraction of soft polymers in each sample, the equivalent topologically-optimized samples will be obtained that are solely made of single-material PLA as hard polymer under the same flexural load as applied to multi-material samples. Finally, the structural results and manufacturability in terms of the generated support structures, as key element of some AM processes, will be compared for the resultant samples created by two methods of optimization.

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