Statistical optimization of xylanase production, using different agricultural wastes by Aspergillus oryzae MN894021, as a biological control of faba bean root diseases

Abstract Background Xylanase enzyme plays an important role in nature as being a part of protecting the environment from pollution. It has also various industrial applications. Main body of abstract Marine fungal isolate was recovered from red sea water at Sharm El-Sheikh province, Egypt, and tested for xylanase activity, using different agricultural wastes as a substrate. It was found that rice straw was the best substrate for xylanase production (0.37 U/ml). Thus, it was subjected for identification by 18S rDNA gene. The phylogenetic analysis results indicated that this fungal isolate belonging to Aspergillus species with a similarity of 99% and named as A. oryzae SS_RS-SH (MN894021). The regular two-level factorial design was used to optimize the important medium components, which significantly affected the xylanase production. The model in equation suggested optimal conditions of 2% of rice straw, 8 g/l of yeast extract, 4 g/l of (NH4)2SO4, 2 g/l K2HPO4, and 2.5 g/l MgSO4.7H2O for a maximum xylanase yield. The antifungal activity of crude xylanase on mycelial growth of some pathogenic fungi isolated from different hosts was investigated. The results showed that xylanase T1 had a potent antifungal activity than control. Greenhouse experiments indicated that all treatments with xylanase at different concentrations significantly decreased infection occurrence of beans, which have been effectively infected with root rot pathogens, compared to unprocessed control treatments. Short conclusion Xylanase yield increased 2.43-folds than initial screening. The xylanase had a potential antifungal activity both in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. The outcome of this study ensured that this fungal strain could be used as biological control for plant disease.

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Using Lignosellulose Waste as a Xylanase Production Media of Mold Isolated from Rice Straw of Coastal-field

Jurnal ILMU DASAR ◽

10.19184/jid.v19i2.7007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Esti Utarti ◽

S. Siswanto

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Activity Index ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Basic Salt ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Aspergillus Foetidus ◽

Oat Spelt

Hemicellulose is one of lignocellulose waste component, so that xylanase is one of importance enzyme of lignocellulose waste biodegradation. Molds as main decomposer lignosellulose waste has enzyme activities higher than yeast and bacteria. The aim of the research is to find mold that have xylanolitic activity using lignocellulose waste as media production. The research consist of isolations and screening mols from coastal-field of watu Ulo Jember, xylanase production using lignocellulose waste and idntification of mold which has the highes xylanase activity. A total of 66 molds isolated from rice straw in coastal-field of Watu Ulo Jember. There were screened for their xylanase activity. In semiquantitatively screen on Oat Spelt Xylan plate, the result showed that 62 have xilanolytic activities. Based on clearing zone production, isolates ESW A1 (3.2), ESW A5 (3.1), ESW C 16 (3.26), ESW D4 (3.0) and ESW D15 (3.21) have xilanase activity index higher than others. Furthermore, quantitative analysis using wheat bran, rice straw and baggase in basic salt Mandel’s modification media showed that xylanase activity of isolate ESW D4 was higher on rice straw 3% as substrate production with activity 2.66 U/mL. Isolate ESW D4 identified as Aspergillus foetidus so that called as Aspergillus foetidus ESW D4. Keywords: rice straw, coastal-field, Aspergillus foetidus ESW-D

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Soaking in Seawater of Rice Straw Increases In vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility

Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry ◽

10.31327/chalaza.v2i2.253 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

H. Husnaeni ◽

M. Arifin Amril ◽

Sjamsuddin Rasjid

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Sea Water ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Length Relationship ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

This research aims to improve the digestibility and nutritional value of rice straw as a ruminant animal feed and determine the effect of long soaking in sea water of rice straw on digestibility in vitro dry matter and organic matter. The used materials in this study are a bales machine, weighing scales, rapiah rope, poly bags, rice straw varieties Ciliwung obtained from rice fields in Bantimurung, sea water with 2.71% saline, as well as tools and chemicals for analysis of in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility with pepsin, calculus method. This study is done based on Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Variance based on the long soaking treatment gives the nature of the response curve linear on the digestibility of dry matter and also to organic matter digestibility. The magnitude of the correlation length relationship soaking rice straw and with sea water for in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility that is 96.5% and 96.8% respectively. Based on the results of research and discussion can be concluded that rice straw is soaked with sea water 3-12 days producing dry matter digestibility and organic matter are higher than the rice straw that is not soaked with sea water. Soaking of the sea water for 3-12 days increase the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter.

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Biological control of Botrytis cinerea using the antagonistic and endophytic Burkholderia cepacia Cs5 for vine plantlet protection

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w11-081 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 896-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Olfa Kilani-Feki ◽

Samir Jaoua

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Burkholderia Cepacia ◽

Bacterial Biomass ◽

Endophytic Bacterium ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Self Defense

Antifungal activity of the Burkholderia cepacia Cs5 was tested in vitro and in vivo for the control of Botrytis cinerea . Bacterial biomass was significantly improved by the amendment of ZnSO4, Mo7(NH4)6O24, and mannitol to the NBY medium; consequently, the amount of the secreted fungicides was increased. The quantification of B. cinerea inhibition, in liquid and solid conditions, showed an important sensitivity of this fungus to the strain Cs5 fungicides. Microscopic monitoring impact of these fungicides on mycelium structure showed an important increase in their diameter and ramifications in the presence of 0.75% supernatant. For the in vivo application of the strain Cs5, Vitis vinifera plantlets were inoculated with a Cs5 bacterial suspension, then with B. cinerea spores. The plantlets protection was total and durable when these two inoculations were made 3 weeks apart, which is the time for the endophytic bacterium to colonize the plantlets up to the top leaves. This protection is due to Cs5 antagonism and the elicitation of the plantlets self-defense via the root overgrowth.

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Effect of Overexpression of the HAC1 Genes from Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Heterologous Phytase and Xylanase Production by P. pastoris

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-6-57-66 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

L.N. Borshchevskaya ◽

A.N. Kalinina ◽

S.P. Sineoky ◽

M.D. Kashirskaya

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Pichia Pastoris ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Transcription Activator ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Codon Composition ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Encoding Genes

Effect of overexpression of the HAC1 genes from Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the production of heterologous enzymes, Escherichia coli phytase and Paenibacillus brasilensis xylanase, in P. pastoris cells has been studied. Codon composition of the phytase and xylanase encoding genes was optimized, and the genes were expressed in P. pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. The obtained multi-copy strains produced in vitro 927 U/mL phytase and 1,401 U/ml xylanase activity. Overexpression of the HAC1 gene from P. pastoris was shown to increase the phytase and xylanase production by 46% and 41%, respectively. Overexpression of HAC1 from S. cerevisiae increased the phytase production by 28% and xylanase by 20%. Data obtained could be helpful in the construction of industrial enzyme-producing strains based on P. pastoris. phytase, xylanase, Нас1р transcription activator, UPR, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae The work was carried out using Multipurpose Scientific Installation All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms National Bioresource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute» -GosNIIgenetika. The authors are grateful to A.V. Nikulin (Sintol LLC, Russia) for the assistance in the real-time PCR experiments. The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Unique Identifiers of the Projects are RFMEFI57917X0145 and RFMEFI60717X0180).

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In Vitro Studies Regarding the Biology and the Biological Control of some Botrytis

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:8699 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Raluca Vasilica MICLEA ◽

Carmen Emilia PUIA

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Culture Media ◽

Grey Mould ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Main Body ◽

Area Formula ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Vegetables And Fruits

Botrytis cinereaÂ Â Pers., attacks more than 250 herbaceous and arborescent species of plants being a pathogen spread across the world. This plant pathogen is the main body responsible for the occurrence of grey mould in grapes and other vegetables and fruits. The purpose of the research was the observation of the morphological and cultural characteristics of some isolates of the pathogen as well as the biological control with hydroalcoholic plant extracts. In our experiments weâ€™ve identified and isolated the pathogenÂ Botrytis cinerea Pers., weâ€™ve inoculated on three culture media PDA, CzapekÂ - agar, MA. The features that we observed were the growth rate of the colonies, the sporulation and sclerotia appearance, the shapes and the dimensions of conidia, the number and distribution of the sclerotia. The results obtained consist in differences of morphology, number and distribution of the sclerotia and dimensions of the conidia. For the control with plant extracts of the fungus the isolates were inoculated on PDA medium that contained the extract using the poison food technique. The fungistatic effect of the extracts was established by examining the presence or the absence of the colony growth. The diameters of the colonies were measured and in order to establish the growth inhibition of the fungus it was calculated the surfaces of the colonies that appeared on the treated plates using the ellipse area formula. The results obtained were expressed as inhibition percentage of mycelia growth compared with the dimensions of the control colony.

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Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

SRI MARTINA WIRASWATI ◽

ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH ◽

IMAN RUSMANA ◽

Aris Tri Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biological Control ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Antifungal Compounds ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Phyllosphere Bacteria

Abstract. Wiraswati SM, Nawangsih AA, Rusmana I, Wahyudi AT. 2020. Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease. Biodiversitas 21: 1273-1278. In vitro analysis of rice phyllosphere bacteria can be developed as biocontrol agents of blast disease using their antifungal activity. To prove the efficacy of bacterial isolates in reducing the severity of blast disease, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Furthermore, antifungal compounds produced by potential bacterial isolate were also identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The application of seven rice phyllosphere bacterial isolates significantly reduced the severity of blast disease in rice (var: Ciherang). Surprisingly, the isolate STGG 14 is the most effective with 70.83% of blast disease reduction. Isolate STGG 14 has been identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis which is known as various bioactive compounds producer. It was confirmed through identification of antifungal compounds produced by isolate STGG 14. The bioautography test shows that crude bioactive compounds from isolate STGG 14 could inhibit P. oryzae race 173. On the further analysis using LC-MS/MS, four bioactive compounds isolated from isolate STGG 14 were identified as moracin C, psoralen, 4,6-dimethyl-3 (4’-hydroxyphenyl) coumarin and xanthotoxin. All identified compounds except moracin C, belong to the coumarin group. According to the previous studies, among all compounds, psoralen and xanthotoxin displayed antifungal activity against several fungal pathogens.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Microorganisms for the Control of Die-Back of Neem Causal Agent Phomopsis Azadirachtae

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-009-0056-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 362-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krishna Girish ◽

Sarpangala Bhat ◽

Koteshwara Raveesha

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

In VitroEvaluation of Antagonistic Microorganisms for the Control of Die-Back of Neem Causal AgentPhomopsis AzadirachtaeThe die-back of neem caused byPhomopsis azadirachtaeis a devastating disease in India reducing the life span and seed production of neem. Six isolates of antagonistic bacteria and fungi,Bacillus cereus(MTCC 430),B. subtilis(MTCC 619),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MTCC 2581),P. oleovorans(MTCC 617),Trichoderma harzianum(MTCC 792) andT. viride(MTCC 800) were evaluated againstP. azadirachtaeunderin vitroconditions. Culture filtrates of all these microorganisms were extracted using ethyl acetate, and the obtained fractions were tested for their antifungal activity againstP. azadirachtaeat different concentrations. Ethyl acetate extracts ofB. subtilisandP. aeruginosawere highly effective and completely inhibited the growth ofP. azadirachtaeat 25 ppm concentration. Both these isolates may be considered as factors for the biological control of die-back of neem.

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Aspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3 Provides for Increased Cellulase Production

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/959845 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nibedita Sarkar ◽

Kaustav Aikat

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Fermentation Broth ◽

High Titer ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Crude Enzyme ◽

High Concentration ◽

Xylanase Production

A cellulolytic fungal strain,Aspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3, was isolated from straw retting ground. Cellulase and xylanase production byA. fumigatusNITDGPKA3 in submerged fermentation of rice straw was studied. The culture conditions for maximum enzyme production were found to be initial pH 4, 1% substrate concentration, temperature 30°C, incubation time 5 days, 0.2% tryptone as nitrogen source, and inoculum volumes 7% v/v (for cellulase) and 5% v/v (for xylanase). Addition of Tween 80 in fermentation broth improved xylanase production (193.58 IU/ml) much more compared to cellulase production (6.53 IU/ml). Xylanase activity found in the culture broth was approximately 50% higher compared to most of the reported data. The crude enzyme was further applied for reducing sugar production from alkali pretreated rice straw, where a dosage of 40 IU/g CMCase produced 0.522 g reducing sugar/g dry substrate after 36 hours which was higher than that in the reported literature. The high concentration of reducing sugar yield was most probably due to the extraordinarily high titer ofβ-glucosidase (80.1 IU/ml) found in the crude enzyme. The crude enzymes secreted byAspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3 efficiently hydrolyzed alkali pretreated rice straw suggesting thatAspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3 is a robust microorganism.

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