scholarly journals Breast involvement of hematological malignancies: imaging and clinical findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Durhan ◽  
Figen Demirkazık
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Breast Masses ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Background Breast involvement of hematological malignancies is a very rare entity. Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and radiological findings of hematological malignancy breast involvement and to describe possible pitfalls in diagnosis. Results The images of 20 patients with breast involvement of hematological malignancies were retrospectively evaluated on ultrasonography, mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the findings were reported. Bilaterality was seen only in cases with secondary involvement, and there was no marked difference between primary and secondary breast involvement of hematological malignancies. All patients underwent ultrasonography examination. According to ultrasonography, breast masses were most frequently irregular in shape (11/20, 55%) with non-circumscribed margins (11/20, 55%). Posterior acoustic enhancement was noted in 14 cases (70%). Posterior shadowing was not observed in any of the patients. Mammography was available in 10 patients. Microcalcification was not observed in any patient on mammography. MRI was available in four patients. Hyperintensity in T2-weighted images, type 2 or type 3 dynamic curve, and diffusion restriction were observed in all cases. Conclusions Hematological malignancies may mimic both benign breast lesions and breast carcinoma. Familiarity with the radiological features of hematological malignancies can help accurate diagnosis.

The Injury of the Calcaneocuboid Ligaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Andermahr ◽  
Hans-Joachim Helling ◽  
David Maintz ◽  
Stefan Mönig ◽  
Jürgen Koebke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Varus Stress ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Classification And Treatment

The selective rupture of the calcaneocuboid ligament is extremely rare and frequently misdiagnosed. This study tries to clarify the mechanism, classification and treatment of this entity. The necessity of radiographs with varus stress and in certain cases of computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), beside the routine antero-posterior and lateral views, is emphasized. Thirteen cases out of five-hundred-twenty-one sprain injuries of the ankle are described, classified and the therapy discussed: If on varus stress radiographs, there is a calcaneocuboid angle <10 degrees without a bony flake (type 1) strapping for six weeks is indicated. A calcaneocuboid angle >10 degrees with or without a small bony flake of the ligament insertion (type 2) should primarily be treated with a shoe cast for 6 weeks; if there are persistent symptoms a secondary peroneus brevis tendon graft is recommended. A calcaneocuboid angle >10 degrees with a big flake (type 3) should be treated by open reduction and refixation of the ligament. Complex injuries (type 4) are characterised by cuboid compression fracture and ligament rupture.

scholarly journals Fever, pancytopenia, and elevated D-dimer in a 95‐year‐old woman with ehrlichiosis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Radcliffe ◽  
Cynthia Tsay ◽  
Kimberly Glerum ◽  
Jane Liao ◽  
George Goshua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiogram ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background Pancytopenia, fever, and elevated D-dimer are significant clinical findings. The differential diagnosis includes hematological malignancies, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tick-borne illnesses, and other etiologies. Case presentation We report the case of a 95-year-old woman who presented with high fever (103.6 °F), pancytopenia, and markedly elevated D-dimer (32.21 mg/L; reference range ≤ 0.95 mg/L) in late-autumn during the COVID-19 pandemic at a large academic institution. After remaining persistently febrile, a peripheral blood smear was ordered and revealed parasites consistent with Ehrlichia spp. Doxycycline monotherapy led to symptomatic improvement and resolution of her pancytopenia. During her hospital stay, a computed tomography angiogram of the chest revealed pulmonary emboli, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy uncovered arteriovenous malformations. After appropriate treatment, she was discharged on hospital day 7 and has since done well. Conclusions Overall, our case offers a dramatic, unexpected presentation of ehrlichiosis in a nonagenarian. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent ehrlichiosis and pulmonary embolus.

Cavum Septi Pellucidi in Boxers

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Aviv ◽  
George Tomlinson ◽  
Brian Kendall ◽  
Chandrashekhar Thakkar ◽  
Alan Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septi Pellucidi ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
License Renewal ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Parenchymal Abnormalities

Objective Controversy exists over the significance of the isolated finding of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and its prevalence rate in healthy individuals and in professional boxers. Few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have looked at large cohorts of boxers. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and extent of a CSP among professional boxers and to compare these with a control group. Methods MRI studies of 164 male boxers scanned for annual British boxing board license renewal were reviewed and compared with 43 control patients. CSP prevalence, size, and extent were recorded. Extent was classified as type 1, anterior to the fornix; type 2, extending up to the fornix; and type 3, extending into the cavum vergae. Parenchymal abnormalities were documented, and the Evan's ratio was used as an indication of brain atrophy. Results A CSP was present in 40% of controls and 49% of boxers. There was a trend to a higher CSP prevalence in boxers ( P = .099). No control patient had type 2 or 3 extension ( P < .0009), as opposed to 30% and 16% prevalence in boxers. Three boxers increased their extent over serial imaging. No difference in CSP size was established between the 2 groups ( P = .43), but there was an association between progressive scans and increased CSP size over time in boxers, independent of age ( P = .05). Eight boxers demonstrated a CSP on a subsequent scan not seen on an earlier scan. Conclusion The prevalence of a CSP is high among both control patients and boxers. There is a trend to a larger CSP with increasing number of scans without evidence of atrophy and independent of age. Boxers also have a greater posterior extent than controls. The findings may be explained by sudden increases in intracranial pressure that forced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through small defects in the septal leaflets, which result in an increase in size and or extent of a CSP.

A novel mutation leading to the lethal form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-783
Author(s):  
Sevil Dorum ◽  
Ipek Güney Varal ◽  
Orhan Gorukmez ◽  
Pelin Dogan ◽  
Arzu Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Valve Insufficiency ◽  
Cranial Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background The clinical phenotypes of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 deficiency (CPT2D) are classified into lethal neonatal, severe infantile and muscle forms. The rarest form is the lethal neonatal form. Case presentation The patient was hypotonic and bradycardic at admission. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were high. He had polycystic kidneys, patent foramen ovale and aortic valve insufficiency. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased signal intensities in the periventricular white matter. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was compatible with CPT2D. We found a homozygous in-frame deletion in the CPT2 gene using next-generation sequencing. Conclusions We identified a novel mutation leading to the lethal form of CPT2D with polycystic kidney, cardiac malformation and cranial MRI findings. Our findings expand the spectrum of causative mutations and clinical findings in CPT2D.

scholarly journals Electronystagmography findings in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and type 2 (SCA2)

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Simone Zeigelboim ◽  
Hélio A.G. Teive ◽  
Rosane Sampaio ◽  
Ari Leon Jurkiewicz ◽  
Paulo B.N. Liberalesso
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Gait Disturbances

OBJECTIVE: To describe the alterations observed in electronystagmography (ENG) of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 2 and 3. METHOD: Sixteen patients were studied and the following procedures were carried out: anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological and vestibular evaluations. RESULTS: The clinical findings in the entire group of patients were: gait disturbances (93.75%), dysarthria (43.75%), headache (43.75%), dizziness (37.50%) and dysphagia (37.50%). In the vestibular exam, the rotatory (62.50%) and caloric (75%) tests were among those which presented the largest indexes of abnormalities; the presence of alterations in the exams was 87.50%, with a predominance of central vestibular disorders in 68.75% of the exams. CONCLUSION: Vestibular exams could be an auxiliary tool to investigate SCAs, besides a precise clinical approach and, particularly, molecular genetic tests.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging in neonatal encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Manikandasamy Veluchamy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Neonatal Encephalopathy ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Diffusion

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant problem and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. NE can result from diverse etiologies. Identifying the etiology of NE can guide us in giving appropriate treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common modality of neuroimaging used in evaluation of NE. Conventional MRI sequences along with advanced MRI techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging are useful in identifying the etiology of NE. This review elaborates the role of MRI in various etiologies of NE.

FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION DURING TUITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
A.M. Satarkulova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

A determination of excitability changes in dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons from spike-train analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Knox ◽  
S. Kubota ◽  
R. E. Poppele
Keyword(s):  
Spike Train ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Output Spike ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Responses of DSCT neurons to random electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves of the hindleg at group I intensity were studied using cross-correlation analysis of the output spike train with the stimulus. Three types of response were found: type 1 was due to monosynaptic activation of DSCT cells, type 2 resulted from inhibition of those cells, and type 3 was due to a long-latency excitation that was probably polysynaptic. 2. Most of the units studied responded to stimulation of both proximal and distal flexor and extensor nerves. The extensive convergence of afferent input on DSCT cells is much greater than has been observed previously, with type 2 and type 3 responses totaling 80% of the observed responses. We attribute this to the sensitivity of the analysis in detecting small changes in postsynaptic excitability. 3. The results of the study, particularly the derivation of postsynaptic excitability changes, generally confirm those of earlier work employing intracellular recording. 4. By varying stimulus rate and stimulus intensity in the group 1 range and simulating the resulting correlations, we conclude that excitability changes in DSCT cells are the net result of complex interactions involving excitation and inhibition. A summary of these findings is presented as a model for the minimum circuitry necessary to account for the observed behavior.

Neuroimaging of Children With Takayasu Arteritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088307382199128
Author(s):  
Hafize Emine Sönmez ◽  
Ferhat Demir ◽  
Semanur Özdel ◽  
Şerife Gül Karadağ ◽  
Esra Bağlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Takayasu Arteritis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cranial Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Left Middle

Objective: Takayasu arteritis is a rare granulomatous chronic vasculitis that affects the aorta and its main branches. Neurologic manifestations can accompany the disease; however, there is no study on neuroimaging in children with Takayasu arteritis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients. Materials and Methods: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively. Results: The study included 15 pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients. All patients presented with constitutional symptoms. Additionally, 6 patients suffered from headache, 2 had syncope, 1 had loss of consciousness, and 1 had convulsion. All patients underwent cranial and diffusion MRI a median 12 months after diagnosis. Cranial MRI findings were normal in 12 patients, whereas 3 patients had abnormal findings, as follows: stenosis in the M1 and M2 segments of the left middle cerebral artery (n = 1); diffuse thinning of the right internal carotid, middle cerebral, and right vertebral and basilar artery (n = 1); as a sequela, areas of focal gliosis in both the lateral ventricular and posterior periventricular regions (n = 1). Among these 3 patients, 1 had no neurologic complaints. Conclusion: Abnormal MRI findings can be observed in pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients, even those that are asymptomatic; therefore, clinicians should carefully evaluate neurologic involvement in all pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients.

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