scholarly journals Genome and proteome screening of Onchocerca volvulus reveal putative vaccine candidates

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Sheyin ◽  
Thaddeus Terlumun Gbem ◽  
Daniel Danladi Gaiya ◽  
Jonathan Andrew Nok
Keyword(s):  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
Vaccine Candidates

scholarly journals Stage-Specific Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of the Filarial Parasite Onchocerca volvulus and Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasisekhar Bennuru ◽  
James A. Cotton ◽  
Jose M. C. Ribeiro ◽  
Alexandra Grote ◽  
Bhavana Harsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
Novel Drug

ABSTRACT Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is a neglected tropical disease that has been successfully targeted by mass drug treatment programs in the Americas and small parts of Africa. Achieving the long-term goal of elimination of onchocerciasis, however, requires additional tools, including drugs, vaccines, and biomarkers of infection. Here, we describe the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the major vector and the human host stages (L1, L2, L3, molting L3, L4, adult male, and adult female) of Onchocerca volvulus along with the proteome of each parasitic stage and of its Wolbachia endosymbiont ( w Ov). In so doing, we have identified stage-specific pathways important to the parasite’s adaptation to its human host during its early development. Further, we generated a protein array that, when screened with well-characterized human samples, identified novel diagnostic biomarkers of O. volvulus infection and new potential vaccine candidates. This immunomic approach not only demonstrates the power of this postgenomic discovery platform but also provides additional tools for onchocerciasis control programs. IMPORTANCE The global onchocerciasis (river blindness) elimination program will have to rely on the development of new tools (drugs, vaccines, biomarkers) to achieve its goals by 2025. As an adjunct to the completed genomic sequencing of O. volvulus , we used a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic profiling strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the vector-derived and human host-derived parasite stages. In so doing, we have identified proteins and pathways that enable novel drug targeting studies and the discovery of novel vaccine candidates, as well as useful biomarkers of active infection.

Immunoproteomics Approach for Screening of Vaccine Candidates against Intestinal Botulism

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Sharma ◽  
Sarita Rani ◽  
Syed Imteyaz Alam ◽  
Sarkaraisamy Ponmariappan
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Candidates

B-Cells and the Use of Non-Human Primates for Evaluation of HIV Vaccine Candidates

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Demberg ◽  
Marjorie Robert-Guroff
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Candidates

Prediction of Prophylactic Peptide Vaccine Candidates for Human Papillomavirus (HPV): An Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehreen Ismail ◽  
Zureesha Sajid ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Xiaogang Wu ◽  
Syed Aun Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Reverse Vaccinology ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Vaccine Candidates

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. We predicted immunogenic promiscuous monovalent and polyvalent T-cell epitopes from the polyprotein of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) using a range of bioinformatics tools and servers. Methods: We used immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology-based approaches to design prophylactic peptides by antigenicity analysis, Tcell epitopes prediction, proteasomal and conservancy evaluation, host-pathogen protein interactions, and in silico binding affinity analysis. Results: We found two early proteins (E2 and E6) and two late proteins (L1 and L2) of HPV as potential vaccine candidates. Of these proteins (E2, E6, L1 & L2), 2-epitopes of each candidate protein for multiple alleles of MHC class I and II bearing significant binding affinity (>-6.0 kcal/mole). These potential epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were also linked to design polyvalent construct using GPGPG linkers. Cholera toxin B and mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin adjuvant with a molecular weight of 12.5 and 18.5 kDa were used for epitopes of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells respectively. The molecular docking indicated the optimum binding affinity of HPV peptides with MHC molecules. This interaction showed that our predicted vaccine candidates are suitable to trigger the host immune system to prevent HPV infections. Conclusion: The predicted conserved T-cell epitopes would contribute to the imminent design of HPV vaccine candidates, which will be able to induce a broad range of immune-responses in a heterogeneous HLA population.

A multi-method and structure-based in silico vaccine designing against Helicobacter pylori employing immuno-informatics approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Naz ◽  
Tahreem Zaheer ◽  
Hamza Arshad Dar ◽  
Faryal Mehwish Awan ◽  
Ayesha Obaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and its treatment still remains a challenge to human health worldwide. A variety of antibiotics and combination therapies are currently used to treat H. pylori induced ulcers and carcinoma; however, no effective treatment is available to eliminate the pathogen from the body. Additionally, antibiotic resistance is also one of the main reasons for prolonged and persistent infection. Aim of the study: Until new drugs are available for this infection, vaccinology seems the only alternative opportunity to exploit against H. pylori induced diseases. Methods: Multiple epitopes prioritized in our previous study have been tested for their possible antigenic combinations, and results in 169-mer and 183-mer peptide vaccines containing the amino acid sequences of 3 and 4 epitopes respectively, along with adjuvant (Cholera Toxin Subunit B adjuvant at 5’ end) and linkers (GPGPG and EAAAK). Results: Poly-epitope proteins proposed as potential vaccine candidates against H. pylori include SabAHP0289-Omp16-VacA (SHOV), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-FecA (VOHF), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-SabA (VOHS), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-BabA (VOHB), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-SabA-FecA (VOHSF), VacAOmp16-HP0289-SabA-BabA (VOHSB) and VacA-Omp16-HP0289-BabA-SabA (VOHBS). Structures of these poly-epitope peptide vaccines have been modelled and checked for their affinity with HLA alleles and receptors. These proposed poly-epitope vaccine candidates bind efficiently with A2, A3, B7 and DR1 superfamilies of HLA alleles. They can also form stable and significant interactions with Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4. Conclusion: Results suggest that these multi-epitopic vaccines can elicit a significant immune response against H. pylori and can be tested further for efficient vaccine development.

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its manifestation

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the infection is intense worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed total deaths had noted 4.20% globally (March 21, 2020). Between the intervals of four months (July 21, 2020), confirmed total deaths had recorded 4.17%, globally. In India, 909 confirmed cases and 19 deaths were reported by Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, March 28, 2020. Between the intervals of 123 days In India, 1638870 confirmed cases and 35684 deaths. COVID-19 can potentially spread from person to person through direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. A pregnant mother with COVID-19 has fewer chances to transfer this infection of her newborn babies. Children have less affected than an adult. A specific antiviral drug or vaccine has not been developed to cure the disease. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir have effective drugs to treat COVID-19. Many vaccine candidates are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, sign-symptoms, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, and effects of a pregnant mother with newborns, children, prevention, and drugs affective to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages as drivers of bacterial virulence and their potential for biotechnological exploitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaat Schroven ◽  
Abram Aertsen ◽  
Rob Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Cargo Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

ABSTRACT Bacteria-infecting viruses (phages) and their hosts maintain an ancient and complex relationship. Bacterial predation by lytic phages drives an ongoing phage-host arms race, whereas temperate phages initiate mutualistic relationships with their hosts upon lysogenization as prophages. In human pathogens, these prophages impact bacterial virulence in distinct ways: by secretion of phage-encoded toxins, modulation of the bacterial envelope, mediation of bacterial infectivity and the control of bacterial cell regulation. This review builds the argument that virulence-influencing prophages hold extensive, unexplored potential for biotechnology. More specifically, it highlights the development potential of novel therapies against infectious diseases, to address the current antibiotic resistance crisis. First, designer bacteriophages may serve to deliver genes encoding cargo proteins which repress bacterial virulence. Secondly, one may develop small molecules mimicking phage-derived proteins targeting central regulators of bacterial virulence. Thirdly, bacteria equipped with phage-derived synthetic circuits which modulate key virulence factors could serve as vaccine candidates to prevent bacterial infections. The development and exploitation of such antibacterial strategies will depend on the discovery of other prophage-derived, virulence control mechanisms and, more generally, on the dissection of the mutualistic relationship between temperate phages and bacteria, as well as on continuing developments in the synthetic biology field.

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