scholarly journals Personalised approaches to pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lally ◽  
James H. MacCabe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThe traditional approach to selecting antipsychotic medication involves little more than trial and error. Recent advances in genetics and molecular science offer the hope of a ‘personalised medicine’ approach to antipsychotic development and prescribing in schizophrenia. Personalised medicine is the practice of tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. In schizophrenia, this will involve the identification of more homogeneous subsets of patients through the application of genetics, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and the use of these findings to stratify patients according to their response to treatment. In this article, we focus on the emerging evidence in pharmacogenetics and biomarkers for assessing individual response and tolerability of antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Current Concepts in Pharmacometabolomics, Biomarker Discovery, and Precision Medicine

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Beger ◽  
Michael A Schmidt ◽  
Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Drug Mechanism ◽  
The Individual

Pharmacometabolomics (PMx) studies use information contained in metabolic profiles (or metabolome) to inform about how a subject will respond to drug treatment. Genome, gut microbiome, sex, nutrition, age, stress, health status, and other factors can impact the metabolic profile of an individual. Some of these factors are known to influence the individual response to pharmaceutical compounds. An individual’s metabolic profile has been referred to as his or her “metabotype.” As such, metabolomic profiles obtained prior to, during, or after drug treatment could provide insights about drug mechanism of action and variation of response to treatment. Furthermore, there are several types of PMx studies that are used to discover and inform patterns associated with varied drug responses (i.e., responders vs. non-responders; slow or fast metabolizers). The PMx efforts could simultaneously provide information related to an individual’s pharmacokinetic response during clinical trials and be used to predict patient response to drugs making pharmacometabolomic clinical research valuable for precision medicine. PMx biomarkers can also be discovered and validated during FDA clinical trials. Using biomarkers during medical development is described in US Law under the 21st Century Cures Act. Information on how to submit biomarkers to the FDA and their context of use is defined herein.

scholarly journals Ten Years of Experience Support Pharmacogenetic Testing to Guide Individualized Drug Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
María Celsa Peña-Martín ◽  
Belén García-Berrocal ◽  
Almudena Sánchez-Martín ◽  
Elena Marcos-Vadillo ◽  
María Jesús García-Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Individualized Drug Therapy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multimorbid Patients

Precision medicine utilizing the genetic information of genes involved in the metabolism and disposition of drugs can not only improve drug efficacy but also prevent or minimize adverse events. Polypharmacy is common among multimorbid patients and is associated with increased adverse events. One of the main objectives in health care is safe and efficacious drug therapy, which is directly correlated to the individual response to treatment. Precision medicine can increase drug safety in many scenarios, including polypharmacy. In this report, we share our experience utilizing precision medicine over the past ten years. Based on our experience using pharmacogenetic (PGx)-informed prescribing, we implemented a five-step precision medicine protocol (5SPM) that includes the assessment of the biological–clinical characteristics of the patient, current and past prescription history, and the patient’s PGx test results. To illustrate our approach, we present cases highlighting the clinical relevance of precision medicine with a focus on patients with a complex history and polypharmacy.

scholarly journals TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. Nithyanand
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual

Despite recent advances in understanding and treating trigeminal neuralgia, its management remains a considerable challenge. Better classification of different types of facial pain and the identification of prognostic factors for different treatment options lead the way toward better quality of life for the individual patient. Although the principles of treating trigeminal neuralgia remain basically the same, antiepileptic drugs, muscle relaxants, and neuroleptic agents are widely used medical treatment options. They were not originally developed for treating trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine was studied in adequate placebo-controlled clinical trials in the 1960s and is still considered the most effective drug. Among emerging treatment options currently under clinical investigation are local botulinum neurotoxin type A injections and a novel sodium channel blocker (CNV1014802) that selectively blocks the Nav1.7 sodium channel. Non-pharmacological treatment options are non-invasive electrical stimulation with either transcranial direct-current stimulation or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation which both require further evaluation in regard to applicability. Surgical options remain a valid choice for patients not responding to medical treatment and include Gasserian ganglion percutaneous techniques, gamma knife surgery, and microvascular decompression. There is continual effort to improve these techniques and predict the outcome for better patient selection.

scholarly journals The Host Genetic Diversity in Malaria Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor R. R. de Mendonça ◽  
Marilda Souza Goncalves ◽  
Manoel Barral-Netto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Individual

Populations exposed toPlasmodiuminfection develop genetic mechanisms of protection against severe disease. The clinical manifestation of malaria results primarily from the lysis of infected erythrocytes and subsequent immune and inflammatory responses. Herein, we review the genetic alterations associated with erythrocytes or mediators of the immune system, which might influence malaria outcome. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes related to molecules involved in mechanisms of cytoadherence and their influence on malaria pathology are also discussed. The results of some studies have suggested that the combinatorial effects of a set of genetic factors in the erythrocyte-immunology pathway might be relevant to host resistance or susceptibility againstPlasmodiuminfection. However, these results must be interpreted with caution because of the differences observed in the functionality and frequency of polymorphisms within different populations. With the recent advances in molecular biology techniques, more robust studies with reliable data have been reported, and the results of these studies have identified individual genetic factors for consideration in preventing severe disease and the individual response to treatment.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding/managing trigeminal neuralgia

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Obermann
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual

Despite recent advances in understanding and treating trigeminal neuralgia, its management remains a considerable challenge. Better classification of different types of facial pain and the identification of prognostic factors for different treatment options lead the way toward better quality of life for the individual patient. Although the principles of treating trigeminal neuralgia remain basically the same, antiepileptic drugs, muscle relaxants, and neuroleptic agents are widely used medical treatment options. They were not originally developed for treating trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine was studied in adequate placebo-controlled clinical trials in the 1960s and is still considered the most effective drug. Among emerging treatment options currently under clinical investigation are local botulinum neurotoxin type A injections and a novel sodium channel blocker (CNV1014802) that selectively blocks the Nav1.7 sodium channel. Non-pharmacological treatment options are non-invasive electrical stimulation with either transcranial direct-current stimulation or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation which both require further evaluation in regard to applicability. Surgical options remain a valid choice for patients not responding to medical treatment and include Gasserian ganglion percutaneous techniques, gamma knife surgery, and microvascular decompression. There is continual effort to improve these techniques and predict the outcome for better patient selection.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic methods in biomedical research. Part III: human gene diagnostics in clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
A. N. Volkov ◽  
L. V. Nacheva
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Technical Simplicity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gene Diagnostics ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics

Application of molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases is extremely wide due to a huge amount of hereditary information contained in the human genome. Gene diagnostics allows establishing predisposition to diseases, identification of genetic abnormalities and prediction of pathological outcomes. In addition, gene diagnostics also enables prediction of the individual response to treatment in order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect. Among all molecular genetic methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostics is a leading approach. Technical simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and reliability of the method have made PCR diagnostics a routine modality for the risk assessment, diagnostics, and monitoring of the treatment efficiency. Here, we consider the application of PCR diagnostics for the abovementioned tasks and talk about the real-life examples of detecting mutations and chromosomal aberrations which may cause a disease. Further, we discuss the prospects of using a semi-quantitative PCR in medical practice and focus on pharmacogenetics as a key component of a personalised therapy. The lecture is aimed primarily at biomedical students and physicians and represents a continuation of the previous lectures published in Fundamental and Clinical Medicin.

THE METHODS OF DEVELOPING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING OF STUDENTS WHILE STUDYING THE COURSE "NUMERICAL METHODS" BASED ON BLENDED LEARNING

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
M. M. Klunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Individual

The work is devoted to the consideration of improving the quality of teaching students the discipline “Numerical methods” through the development of the cognitive component of computational thinking based on blended learning. The article presents a methodology for the formation of computational thinking of mathematics students, based on the visualization of algorithmic design schemes and the activation of the cognitive independence of students. The characteristic of computational thinking is given, the content and structure of computational thinking are shown. It is argued that a student with such a mind is able to manifest himself in his professional field in the best possible way. The results of the application of the technique are described. To determine the level of development of the cognitive component of computational thinking, a diagnostic model has been developed based on measuring the content, operational and motivational components. It is shown that the proposed method of developing computational thinking of students, taking into account the individual characteristics of students’ thinking, meaningfully based on the theoretical and practical aspects of studying the discipline, increases the effectiveness of learning the course “Numerical methods”. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers of mathematical disciplines who use information and telecommunication technologies in their professional activities.

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

DECISION-MAKING ON INVESTMENT OF IT-INNOVATION BASED ON FUZZY EXPERT INFORMATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Olga Olegovna Eremenko ◽  
Lyubov Borisovna Aminul ◽  
Elena Vitalievna Chertina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Individual

The subject of the research is the process of making managerial decisions for innovative IT projects investing. The paper focuses on the new approach to decision making on investing innovative IT projects using expert survey in a fuzzy reasoning system. As input information, expert estimates of projects have been aggregated into six indicators having a linguistic description of the individual characteristics of the project type "high", "medium", and "low". The task of decision making investing has been formalized and the term-set of the output variable Des has been defined: to invest 50-75% of the project cost; to invest 20-50% of the project cost; to invest 10-20% of the project cost; to send the project for revision; to turn down investing project. The fuzzy product model of making investment management decisions has been developed; it adequately describes the process of investment management. The expediency of using constructed production model on a practical example is shown.

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORECASTING THE COST OF A SOFTWARE PRODUCT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Rodionov ◽  
◽  
Anna Ploskonos ◽  
Lesya Gavrutenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Cocomo Model ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyzes the factors that affect the amount of effort required to create a mobile application and its cost. It is established that the main factors of influence are the design of the application, its functionality, the type of mobile platform, the availability and level of testing and support, as well as the individual characteristics of the developer. Based on the analysis of information sources, the main methods and approaches to forecasting the cost of software products are identified, which include the COCOMO model, Price-to-win method, expert evaluation, algorithmic methods and the method of analogies. It is proposed to consider the method of analogies as a tool that allows you to make predictions about the cost of resources required for the successful implementation of IT projects based on the experience of similar projects. It is proved that the advantages of this method are the simplicity of its implementation and the clarity of the results obtained, which follows from the practical orientation of this tool. Among the limitations of the method of analogy is the mandatory need for reliable data relating to similar projects, as well as the difficulty of taking into account unspecified indicators. Taking into account the mentioned limitations of the method of analogies and on the basis of the analysis of scientific sources the possible directions of its optimization are determined. Thus, among the ways to improve the effectiveness of this method are those aimed at optimizing the project selection process, the data for which are used as a basis for forecasting. Attempts to improve the method of analogies by including parameters that were previously ignored by this technique seem promising. This in turn can lead to an expansion of the scope of the method of analogies and increase the accuracy of forecasts. As prospects for further research, the need to continue research in the field of optimization of the method of analogies with the subsequent practical verification of theoretical positions on the data of real projects.

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