scholarly journals An introduction to peer-supported open dialogue in mental healthcare

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Razzaque ◽  
Tom Stockmann
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Dialogue ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Provision Of Care

SummaryPeer-supported open dialogue is a variant of the ‘open dialogue’ approach that is currently practised in Finland and is being trialled in several countries around the world. The core principle of the approach is the provision of care at the social network level, by staff who have been trained in family, systems and related approaches. These staff include peer workers, who will help to enhance the democratic nature of the meetings around which care is centred, as well as enabling such meetings to occur where networks are fragmented or lacking. Certain organisational and practice features and underlying themes are key to the approach. Crucially, open dialogue is also a system of service provision. Staff trained in peer-supported open dialogue from six National Health Service (NHS) trusts will launch pilot teams in 2016, as part of an intended national multicentre randomised controlled trial.

scholarly journals Group antenatal care (Pregnancy Circles) for diverse and disadvantaged women: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial with integral process and economic evaluations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Wiggins ◽  
Mary Sawtell ◽  
Octavia Wiseman ◽  
Christine McCourt ◽  
Sandra Eldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
The World ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Group antenatal care has been successfully implemented around the world with suggestions of improved outcomes, including for disadvantaged groups, but it has not been formally tested in the UK in the context of the NHS. To address this the REACH Pregnancy Circles intervention was developed and a randomised controlled trial (RCT), based on a pilot study, is in progress. Methods The RCT is a pragmatic, two-arm, individually randomised, parallel group RCT designed to test clinical and cost-effectiveness of REACH Pregnancy Circles compared with standard care. Recruitment will be through NHS services. The sample size is 1732 (866 randomised to the intervention and 866 to standard care). The primary outcome measure is a ‘healthy baby’ composite measured at 1 month postnatal using routine maternity data. Secondary outcome measures will be assessed using participant questionnaires completed at recruitment (baseline), 35 weeks gestation (follow-up 1) and 3 months postnatal (follow-up 2). An integrated process evaluation, to include exploration of fidelity, will be conducted using mixed methods. Analyses will be on an intention to treat as allocated basis. The primary analysis will compare the number of babies born “healthy” in the control and intervention arms and provide an odds ratio. A cost-effectiveness analysis will compare the incremental cost per Quality Adjusted Life Years and per additional ‘healthy and positive birth’ of the intervention with standard care. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Discussion This multi-site randomised trial in England is planned to be the largest trial of group antenatal care in the world to date; as well as the first rigorous test within the NHS of this maternity service change. It has a recruitment focus on ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse and disadvantaged participants, including non-English speakers. Trial registration Trial registration; ISRCTN, ISRCTN91977441. Registered 11 February 2019 - retrospectively registered. The current protocol is Version 4; 28/01/2020.

A Social Ontology for Integrating Security and Software Engineering

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
J. Mylopoulous
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Software Engineering Process

As software becomes more and more entrenched in everyday life in today’s society, security looms large as an unsolved problem. Despite advances in security mecha-nisms and technologies, most software systems in the world remain precarious and vulnerable. There is now widespread recognition that security cannot be achieved by technology alone. All software systems are ultimately embedded in some human social environment. The effectiveness of the system depends very much on the forces in that environment. Yet there are few systematic techniques for treating the social context of security together with technical system design in an integral way. In this chapter, we argue that a social ontology at the core of a requirements engineering process can be the basis for integrating security into a requirements driven software engineering process. We describe the i* agent-oriented modelling framework and show how it can be used to model and reason about security concerns and responses. A smart card example is used to illustrate. Future directions for a social paradigm for security and software engineering are discussed.

scholarly journals Towards a criminology of structurally conditioned emotions: Combining Bourdieu’s field theory and cultural criminology

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Cultural Criminology ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Agency And Structure

When trying to explain why some people commit crimes while most do not, criminological theory has had a problem with linking agency and structure. A promising solution came in Jock Young’s version of cultural criminology, which integrated Merton’s strain theory with Katz’s account of the emotional rewards from criminal acts. Young claimed the core emotion behind different crimes would be a structurally caused experience of humiliation. Linking individual agency and structural conditions through emotions certainly advances understanding, but Young did not show how this linking was effectuated. Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory may contribute with a better grasp on how structural conditions influence the social agent’s perception of the world and emotional orientation towards it. After exploring how this argument may be supported with regard to empirical cases – studies of graffiti, thefts and violence – the concluding discussion deals with the limits of an approach that combines fields and emotions.

scholarly journals Twin Research in the Post-Genomic Era: Dissecting the Pathophysiological Effects of Adversity and the Social Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Turner ◽  
Conchita D’Ambrosio ◽  
Claus Vögele ◽  
Martin Diewald
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The role of twins in research is evolving as we move further into the post-genomic era. With the re-definition of what a gene is, it is becoming clear that biological family members who share a specific genetic variant may well not have a similar risk for future disease. This has somewhat invalidated the prior rationale for twin studies. Case co-twin study designs, however, are slowly emerging as the ideal tool to identify both environmentally induced epigenetic marks and epigenetic disease-associated processes. Here, we propose that twin lives are not as identical as commonly assumed and that the case co-twin study design can be used to investigate the effects of the adult social environment. We present the elements in the (social) environment that are likely to affect the epigenome and measures in which twins may diverge. Using data from the German TwinLife registry, we confirm divergence in both the events that occur and the salience for the individual start as early as age 11. Case co-twin studies allow for the exploitation of these divergences, permitting the investigation of the role of not only the adult social environment, but also the salience of an event or environment for the individual, in determining lifelong health trajectories. In cases like social adversity where it is clearly not possible to perform a randomised-controlled trial, we propose that the case co-twin study design is the most rigorous manner with which to investigate epigenetic mechanisms encoding environmental exposure. The role of the case co-twin design will continue to evolve, as we argue that it will permit causal inference from observational data.

scholarly journals Collaborative stepped care v. care as usual for common mental disorders: 8-month, cluster randomised controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree B. Oosterbaan ◽  
Marc J. P. M. Verbraak ◽  
Berend Terluin ◽  
Adriaan W. Hoogendoorn ◽  
Wouter J. Peyrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundThus far collaborative stepped care (CSC) studies have not incorporated self-help as a first step.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of CSC in the treatment of common mental disorders.MethodAn 8-month cluster randomised controlled trial comparing CSC to care as usual (CAU) (Dutch Trial Register identifier NTR1224). The CSC consisted of a stepped care approach guided by a psychiatric nurse in primary care with the addition of antidepressants dependent on the severity of the disorder, followed by cognitive–behavioural therapy in mental healthcare.ResultsTwenty general practitioners (GPs) and 8 psychiatric nurses were randomised to provide CSC or CAU. The GPs recruited 163 patients of whom 85% completed the post-test measurements. At 4-month mid-test CSC was superior to CAU: 74.7% (n = 68) v. 50.8% (n = 31) responders (P = 0.003). At 8-month post-test and 12-month follow-up no significant differences were found as the patients in the CAU group improved as well.ConclusionsTreatment within a CSC model resulted in an earlier treatment response compared with CAU.

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