Personality Change in the Treatment of Chronic Neurosis in a Therapeutic Community

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (459) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Martin ◽  
T. M. Caine
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
Attitude Scales

In recent investigations of the neuroses by Foulds and Caine (1958, 1959), certain psychological tests were found to relate to diagnostic category (dysthymia or hysteria) whereas others were related to personality type (hysteroid or obsessoid) as rated by psychiatrists. The diagnostic measures included combinations of the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D) and Psychasthenia (Pt) scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The measures related to personality type included psychomotor and intellectual speed measures and two specially constructed extra-punitive and intropunitive attitude scales drawn from the MMPI (Foulds, Caine and Creasey, 1960). This distinction between symptoms and traits has been discussed in some detail by Foulds (1961) and no attempt will be made to review his arguments here. In a subsequent investigation, however (Foulds, 1959), he found that following treatment of approximately one month's duration symptom measures changed in psychoneurotic women relatively more than did the personality measures. It was suggested that therapists who were dissatisfied with the mere alleviation of symptoms might try to change some of the personality scores. The implication is that changes in test measures related to symptomatology are more readily accomplished than are changes in tests related to personality traits. This differential suggests a possible parameter for comparative studies of different treatment methods. Therapies directed at personality reorganization and attitude change should produce more profound and enduring changes in the personality measures than should those therapies directed at symptom relief only. These changes should be more systematic and predictable than should those to be expected simply from the passage of time.

The Relative Stability of Personality Measures Compared with Diagnostic Measures

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Foulds
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Psychological Test ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Classificatory System

In previous investigations (Foulds and Caine, 1958 and 1959) psychoneurotic subjects were classified in terms of the presenting syndrome (Hysteria or Dysthymia) and of the personality type (hysteroid or obsessive) as rated by psychiatrists. It was found that some psychological test measurements differentiated between Hysterics and Dysthymics regardless of personality type; whilst other measures differentiated between hysteroid and obsessive personalities regardless of diagnosis. The successful measures were not, however, identical for men and women. It was argued that one of the advantages of this double classificatory system should be that we would have one set of measures—the diagnostic—which should vary with the patient's clinical condition and another set—the personality measures—which should remain relatively constant.

scholarly journals Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The article introduces the modern understanding of intellectual disability as a diagnostic category. It is based on the description of the structure, recommended for professional use in the USA. The necessity of intellect testing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders is discussed alongside with its place among other diagnostic measures

Can Interpretive Messages Change Park Visitors’ Views on Wildland Fire?

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wiles ◽  
Troy E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Persuasive Argument ◽  
Attitude Scales ◽  
Guided Tour ◽  
Knowledge Scale

This study evaluated the effect of differently formulated interpretive messages embedded in a 90-minute guided tour on Mesa Verde National Park visitors’ knowledge and attitudes about wildland fire. Using a Solomon four-group experimental design, 31 different groups of visitors ( N=496) received affective arguments, cognitive arguments, a combination of arguments, or no persuasive argument. All persuasive programs led to significant increases (one to two points) on a five-question knowledge scale and two attitude scales, although the three treatments did not differ in their effects. Attitudes became slightly more positive about the ecological role of fire and less negative about the destructive nature of fire. A slight priming effect of the pre-test was found for one measure but there were no effects on other measures, supporting the external validity of study findings. Attitude and knowledge changes related to fire were greater for those who had weaker prior attitudes or lower prior levels of knowledge. Counter to hypotheses, the personal relevance of fire and need for cognition did not exhibit a significant relationship to knowledge gain or attitude change.

Symptom Clusters and Personality Types Among Psychoneurotic Men Compared with Women

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (439) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Foulds ◽  
T. M. Caine
Keyword(s):  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Symptom Clusters

In a previous investigation (Foulds and Caine, 1958) a series of consecutive admissions (women) admitted to Runwell Hospital and diagnosed as psychoneurotic were found to divide into four groups in terms of presenting syndrome (hysteria or dysthymia) and of personality type (hysteroid or obsessive). When psychological tests were administered to these groups it was found that some measurements were related to diagnostic category whilst others were related to personality type.

High Prevalence of Personality Abnormalities in Patients Seeking Rhinoplasty

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Zojaji ◽  
Maryam Javanbakht ◽  
Alireza Ghanadan ◽  
Hosien Hosien ◽  
Hasan Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Satisfaction Rate ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of the patient's personality on his/her satisfaction with rhinoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Personalities of 66 rhinoplasty candidates and 50 persons who served as control were evaluated using questionnaires. The results were validated using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test. Six months after the surgery, the rate of satisfaction was evaluated using another questionnaire based on a visual scale. The results were statistically analyzed to assess the relationship between personality traits and rate of satisfaction. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 25.3 ± 5.12 years; 79% were females. Obsessiveness was the most frequently noted personality trait; being antisocial was the least mentioned. Personality type and level of satisfaction were statistically related ( P < 0.001). The satisfaction rate of rhinoplasty was 55.1%. Candidates with “good faking” trait followed by those who were-“depressed” had the highest satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Identification of patient's personality can be a major factor influencing satisfaction results after rhinoplasty.

Temperamental Traits and Severity of PTSD Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Zawadzki ◽  
Agnieszka Popiel
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Icd 10

The paper presents the results of a longitudinal study of two groups of participants of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). They were investigated twice: The first time after 1–6 months (N = 362) or 12–24 months (N = 337) after a MVA, and then 1 year after the initial assessment. We assumed that, among the environmental variables (severity of experienced trauma, trauma-related prolonged stressors, other traumatic event and social support), two temperamental traits, emotional reactivity and briskness, would be factors influencing the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder. We also assumed that, after a longer distance from the MVA, temperament would be affected by symptoms of PTSD. Analysis of the cross-lagged effects confirmed the expectations regarding the “temperamental vulnerability” to PTSD in the shorter timespan after the MVA, indicating the process of “complication” and leading to changes in temperament under the influence of the disorder. Moreover, emotional reactivity was associated concurrently with higher levels of PTSD symptoms, especially in interaction with the severity of experienced trauma. Emotional reactivity and briskness also predicted changes in symptom severity, after controlling for the initial PTSD level and especially in interaction with trauma-related prolonged stressors. We propose implications of the results in our understanding “enduring personality change after catastrophic experience” as a diagnostic category in the ICD-10 and underline the significance of temperament as a factor influencing individual “vulnerability” to trauma.

Role Construct Repertory Technique: Some Relationships with Personality, Psychopathology and Intelligence for Neuropsychiatric Inpatients

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

The Role Construct Repertory Technique, the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Shipley-Institute of Living Scale of Intelligence were administered to 20 newly admitted neuropsychiatric patients in a regional Veterans Hospital in the Midwest. In view of the absence of observed relationships between the Bannister-Fransella Grid and personality and intelligence, and the presence of relationships between the Role Construct Repertory Technique and other personality measures, the purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among three scores of construct structure and measures of personality, psychopathology, and intelligence. Moderate correlations were found with each of the three measures, indicating that, rather than “clinically unique,” the Role Construct Repertory Technique provides a wealth of clinical information also discernible by other measures.

scholarly journals Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12828
Author(s):  
Luigi Tinella ◽  
Alessandro Oronzo Caffò ◽  
Antonella Lopez ◽  
Francesco Nardulli ◽  
Ignazio Grattagliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Drunken Driving

Drunken driving is among the main challenges for road safety by causing worldwide motor-vehicle crashes with severe injuries and deaths. The reassessment of fitness-to-drive in drivers stopped for drunken driving includes mainly psychological examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and the consistency of selected variables of different psychological driving-related dimensions (i.e., cognitive skills and personality) in discriminating 90 male drinker drivers (DD) from matched non-drinkers controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), and the Perspective-Taking Test (PT) were administered to assess overall cognitive functioning, and object- and self-based spatial transformation abilities, respectively. Participants completed a computerized test measuring resilience of attention (DT), reaction times (RT), and perceptual speed (ATAVT). The Personality Psychopathology Five scales (i.e., PSY-5: Aggressiveness-AGGR, Psychoticism-PSYC, Disconstraint-DISC, Negative-Emotionality-NEGE, and Introversion-INTR) the validity scale (L) and the dissimulation index (F-K) were scored from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). A logistic binomial regression analysis (backward subtraction method) was used to identify discriminant predictors. A prediction analysis (ROC curve method) was performed on the final model. Results showed that the scores obtained in MRT, DT, and the personality measures of PSYC, DISC, NEGE, and INTR significantly discriminated DD from their matched controls with moderate-to-good values of accuracy (0.79), sensitivity (0.80), and specificity (0.79), as well as a good AUC value (0.89). In some cases, the personality dimensions provided—reliable—unexpected results. Low scores of PSYC, NEGE, and INTR were found to predict the membership to the DD group; results are discussed with reference to response management. Personality measures should be assessed with particular attention in a forensic context because they are more prone to be feigned than cognitive ones. Overall, the present study confirmed the relevance of integrating different driving-related psychological dimensions in the evaluation of fitness-to-drive showing the usefulness of standardized tools for the reassessment of drinker drivers.

Prediction of Neurosurgical Results by Psychological Evaluation

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally K. Kuperman ◽  
Charles J. Golden ◽  
David Osmon ◽  
Horst G. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Eventual Outcome

There has been an increasing interest in the role of personality factors in the outcome of medical treatment. The present study examined the role of personality measures in predicting the outcome of neurosurgery for patients with a well-documented disruption of one or more discs. Each of 15 male and 16 female patients whose average age was 40.8 yr. received the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory before surgery and received a follow-up at least one year after surgery or until a final, stable level of recovery was attained. A multiple correlation of .64 between the personality measures and treatment outcome suggested that even in cases with a well-documented need for surgery, psychological factors can play a major influence in the eventual outcome. Possible psychological interventions before surgery which might increase the likelihood of a good outcome are briefly outlined.

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