The Natural History of Neurotic Disorder in an Elderly Urban Population

A random community sample of 1070 subjects aged 65 years and over was interviewed at home using the GMS-agecat package and followed up three years later. Neurotic symptoms were common, but symptoms sufficient to reach ‘case’ level were much less frequent. The overall prevalence of neurotic ‘cases' was 2.4% in year 0 and 1.4% in year 3. The incidence was estimated as a minimum of 4.4 per 1000 per year over the age of 65. Women were more likely to be ‘cases' than men but not ‘subcases', and there was a general decline in prevalence with increasing age, particularly for ‘subcases'. Anxiety was the commonest neurotic subtype. After three years, ‘cases' were shown not to persist, but this did not reflect wellness. There was a tendency still to have some symptoms, but the predominant symptom appeared to change, suggesting a possible chronic neurotic disorder with changing presentation over time. Depressive symptoms were closely associated with this presentation, suggesting that depression may be an important and integral part of a general, changing neurotic disorder.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of An 8-year longitudinal study of the natural history of threshold, subthreshold, and partial eating disorders from a community sample of adolescents.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1165926.626790 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽

Isabel Krug

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Community Sample ◽

History Of

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Natural history of glucose tolerance, beta-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity in cystic fibrosis patients with fasting euglycemia

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1490053 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 149 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

F Lombardo ◽

F De Luca ◽

M Rosano ◽

C Sferlazzas ◽

C Lucanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Natural History ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽

Cell Function ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽

History Of ◽

Over Time

OBJECTIVE: The loss of pancreatic beta-cells is thought to be one of the principal causes of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the role of peripheral insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of DM in CF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether eventual changes of glucose tolerance (GT) over time were associated with modifications of insulin secretion or sensitivity. METHODS: Plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral GT test (OGTT) were investigated and reinvestigated 13 Years later in 14 CF patients with initial and persistent fasting euglycemia and no history of insulin treatment. Insulin sensitivity (IS) at both tests was assessed on the basis of insulin and glucose levels both in the fasting state and during OGTTs. RESULTS: From the 1st to the 2nd OGTT: (a) the prevalence of DM responses significantly increased; (b) the areas beneath the respective glucose and insulin curves significantly increased and decreased respectively; (c) IR and IS indices decreased and increased respectively, even in the patients who developed DM; (d) pulmonary function significantly worsened in the entire series, especially in the patients who developed DM. CONCLUSIONS: (i) the natural history of glyco-metabolic status in CF is characterized by deteriorating GT over time; (ii) insulinopenia plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of GT worsening; (iii) IR does not play any significant part in the pathogenesis of DM development; (iv) deterioration of lung function tests is more severe in the subjects who develop DM over time.

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Bonnet, Charles (1720–93)

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy ◽

10.4324/9780415249126-db007-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

F.C.T. Moore

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Empirical Work ◽

Later Life ◽

Mental States ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Theology ◽

Formed Part ◽

The Moment ◽

The Universe ◽

Over Time

In his youth, Bonnet made a meticulous and creative study of insects, which won him international fame for his discoveries, as well as his methods. He turned to psychology and offered a detailed, but speculative, account of the physiology of mental states. His empirical work was overtaken by speculative ambition. In later life, he developed (from elements already present in his early studies) a comprehensive view of the universe, of its history and its natural history, of theology and of moral philosophy. Christianity was proved, the great chain of being was mapped over time towards an ultimate perfection, and human morality, based on self-love, formed part of the Creator’s scheme. The Creator, at the moment of creation, brought into being all the elements from which this vast unfolding would occur, without further intervention.

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Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia: 18-month follow-up

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.181.2.135 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 181 (2) ◽

pp. 135-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R. G. McCreadie ◽

R. Padmavati ◽

R. Thara ◽

T. N. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Disease Process ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Abnormal Involuntary Movements ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

History Of ◽

Chronically Ill Patients ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Over Time

BackgroundSpontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism have been reported in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia but there has been no previous study of the natural history of these conditions.AimsTo determine the prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in a group of never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia on two occasions separated by an 18-month interval.MethodDyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale using Schooler and Kane criteria for its presence; parkinsonism by the Simpson and Angus scale; and mental state by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia.ResultsThirty-seven patients were examined on two occasions. Nine (24%) had dyskinesia on both occasions, 12 (33%) on one occasion and 16 (43%) on neither occasion. Twenty-one (57%) had dyskinesia on at least one occasion. Thirteen patients (35%) had parkinsonism on at least one occasion.ConclusionsSpontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism fluctuate over time. The former was found on at least one occasion in the majority of patients. It is an integral part ofthe schizophrenic disease process.

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The Natural History of Neuroendocrine Changes in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) After Motor Vehicle Accidents: Progressive Divergence of Noradrenaline and Cortisol Concentrations Over Time

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 1095-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Panagiota Pervanidou ◽

Gerasimos Kolaitis ◽

Stella Charitaki ◽

Christina Lazaropoulou ◽

Ioannis Papassotiriou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Natural History ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

History Of ◽

Over Time

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A primary care approach to the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical features and natural history of 2,073 suspected cases in the Corona São Caetano programme, São Paulo, Brazil

10.1101/2020.06.23.20138081 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fabio E Leal ◽

Maria C Mendes-Correa ◽

Lewis F Buss ◽

Silvia F Costa ◽

Joao CS Bizario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Natural History ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Older Patients ◽

Population Based ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Community Based ◽

Care Approach ◽

History Of ◽

At Home

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite most cases not requiring hospital care, there are limited community-based clinical data on COVID-19.Methods and findingsThe Corona São Caetano program is a primary care initiative offering COVID-19 care to all residents of São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. After triage of potentially severe cases, consecutive patients presenting between 13th April and 13th May 2020 were tested at home with SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR; positive patients were followed up for 14 days. RT-PCR-negative patients were offered SARS-CoV-2 serology. We describe the clinical features, virology and natural history of this prospective population-based cohort. Of 2,073 suspected COVID-19 cases, 1,583 (76·4%) were tested by RT-PCR, of whom 444 (28·0%, 95%CI: 25·9% - 30·3%) were positive; 604/1,136 (53%) RT-PCR-negative patients underwent serology, of whom 52 (8·6%) tested SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough, fatigue, myalgia and headache; whereas self-reported fever, anosmia, and ageusia were most associated with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. RT-PCR cycle thresholds were lower in men, older patients, those with fever and arthralgia, and around symptom onset. The rates of hospitalization and death among 444 RT-PCR-positive cases were 6·7% and 0·7%, respectively, with older age and obesity more frequent in the hospitalized group.ConclusionsCOVID-19 presents similarly to other mild respiratory disease in primary care. Some symptoms assist the differential diagnosis. Most patients can be managed at home.

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Converging evidence for enduring perceptions of low social status in individuals in remission from depression.

10.31234/osf.io/a2n86 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Gillard ◽

Siobhan Gormley ◽

Kirsty Griffiths ◽

Caitlin Hitchcock ◽

Jason Stretton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Status ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Social Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Mental Health Difficulties ◽

Depressive Episodes

BackgroundThe risk of depressive relapse and recurrence is amplified by social risk factors including the perception of low social status. MethodsWe aimed to identify enduring difficulties with the perception of social status in a community sample with a self-reported history of mental health difficulties (Study 1) and, more specifically, in individuals in clinical remission from depression, relative to a never-depressed control group, and relative to a group experiencing a current depressive episode (Study 2). ResultsIn Study 1, elevated depressive symptoms were associated with perceptions of low social status which significantly differed between individuals with and without a self-reported history of mental health difficulties. Study 2 found enduring deficits in perceptions of social status in remitted depressed individuals, in the absence of current symptoms. LimitationsWe were unable to discern between historical or current clinical diagnosis in the community sample of Study 1, as we were reliant on self-report. We were unable to explore the effects of medication or causal relationships between depressive symptoms and social status as the studies were cross-sectional in nature. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that disrupted socio-cognitive profiles across a range of affiliative processes may confer increased vulnerability to future depressive episodes in those in remission.

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Prevalence and natural history of arachnoid cysts in children

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2010.2.peds09464 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 578-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Wajd N. Al-Holou ◽

Andrew Y. Yew ◽

Zackary E. Boomsaad ◽

Hugh J. L. Garton ◽

Karin M. Muraszko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Arachnoid Cysts ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

Imaging Characteristics ◽

History Analysis ◽

History Of ◽

Over Time

Object Arachnoid cysts are a frequent finding on intracranial imaging in children. The prevalence and natural history of these cysts are not well defined. The authors studied a large consecutive series of children undergoing MR imaging to better define both the MR imaging–demonstrated prevalence and behavior of these lesions over time. Methods The authors reviewed a consecutive series of 11,738 patients who were 18 years of age or younger and had undergone brain MR imaging at a single institution during an 11-year period. In the patients in whom intracranial arachnoid cysts were identified, clinical and demographic information was recorded and imaging characteristics, such as cyst size and location, were evaluated. Prevalence data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, linear regression, and ANOVA. All patients with sufficient data (repeat MR imaging studies as well as repeated clinical evaluation over at least 5 months) for a natural history analysis were identified. This group was assessed for any change in symptoms or imaging appearance during the follow-up interval. Results Three hundred nine arachnoid cysts (2.6% prevalence rate) were identified. There was an increased prevalence of arachnoid cysts in males (p < 0.000001). One hundred eleven patients met all criteria for inclusion in the natural history analysis. After a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 11 arachnoid cysts increased in size, 13 decreased, and 87 remained stable. A younger age at presentation was significantly associated with cyst enlargement (p = 0.001) and the need for surgery (p = 0.05). No patient older than 4 years of age at the time of initial diagnosis had cyst enlargement, demonstrated new symptoms, or underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions Arachnoid cysts are a common incidental finding on intracranial imaging in pediatric patients. An older age at the time of presentation is associated with a lack of clinical or imaging changes over time.

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Measuring souls: Psychometry, female instruments, and subjective science, 1840–1910

History of Science ◽

10.1177/0073275319847065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 76-100

Author(s):

Cameron B Strang

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Scientific Discourse ◽

Reliable Data ◽

Measuring Instrument ◽

Immortal Soul ◽

Anthropological Research ◽

History Of ◽

Spiritual Connectedness ◽

At Home

This essay focuses on the history of psychometry, the science of soul measuring. For its founder, Dr Joseph Rodes Buchanan, the soul was simultaneously an object for anthropological research and a measuring instrument capable of revealing human character, interpreting natural history, and demonstrating the reality of an immortal soul. Psychometry taught that human souls, especially those of women, were capable of acting as instruments because they could feel the mysterious energies that people and objects radiated. Although orthodox male scientists rejected the visions of sensitive women as the antithesis of reliable data, psychometric researchers believed that the feelings of women were both the instruments and information that made their science possible. Psychometry promised to revolutionize science by insisting that sympathy and subjectivity, not detachment and objectivity, ought to undergird research. Yet as male experimenters worked to prove psychometry’s effectiveness, they almost invariably cast themselves as detached observers accurately recording the data provided by their female instruments. Thus, despite pushing for scientific reform, the methods and discourse of male psychometric experimenters eroded their field’s core arguments about connectedness and subjectivity and, instead, reinforced the notion that detachment and objectivity were essential to legitimate science. Challenges to objectivity could prove just how thoroughly it dominated scientific discourse and practice. Still, some psychometers, particularly women who practiced at home, were untroubled by the fact that their research was predicated on subjective feelings, and psychometry remained a viable pursuit among spiritualists even as it faded from the realm of science. Psychometry emerged and, ultimately, fractured amid tensions between widespread enthusiasm for sciences that emphasized spiritual connectedness and the mounting pressure to legitimize scientific knowledge through the language and practices of objectivity.

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