Impact of childhood trauma on risk of relapse requiring psychiatric hospital admission for psychosis

SummaryRelapse in psychosis typically necessitates admission to hospital placing a significant financial burden on the health service. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, however, the extent to which this influences relapse is unclear. This report summarises current research investigating the influence of childhood trauma on relapse requiring psychiatric hospital admission for psychosis. Seven studies were included; two revealed a positive association between childhood trauma and relapse admission, two studies found a negative relationship and three found no significant difference. Inconsistent current evidence suggests a need for further research in this area.

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Entering the Mental Backstage: Mindfulness and Mind-Wandering among Performing Artists

10.53350/pjmhs211572068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 2068-2071

Author(s):

Avneet Kaur ◽

Shwetha T.S

Keyword(s):

Negative Relationship ◽

Positive Association ◽

Mind Wandering ◽

Self Report ◽

Years Of Experience ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Performing Artists ◽

Creative Processes ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Significant Difference

Existing literature has explored the role of mindfulness and mind-wandering on creative processes. However, it has overlooked the diversity in the creative domains as well as the experience of the artist while accounting for their relationship. In the present study, mindfulness and mind wandering- deliberate and spontaneous were explored among performing artists, i.e. musicians, theatre artists, and dancers. The study also looked at the artists’ experience in their field. After an initial screening using a creativity tool, 66 performing artists were recruited, following which two self-report indices that assessed mind wandering and mindfulness were administered. The data collected was subjected to quantitative data analysis in SPSS. A Oneway ANOVA showed significant effect of the creative domain on mindfulness for the three groups, with a significant difference between musicians and dancers. Among the musicians, a significant negative relationship between mind wandering spontaneous and years of experience was seen. Among the dancers, there was a significant positive association between mind wandering spontaneous, mind wandering deliberate and years of experience. The current study highlighted the need to approach the study of creativity using a contextual perspective. Keywords: Creativity, Dance, Music, Theatre.

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Insulin Treatment May Increase Adverse Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.696087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Yang ◽

Zixin Cai ◽

Jingjing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admission ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Hospitalization Time ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Background and ObjectiveRecently, insulin treatment has been found to be associated with increased mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes, but the results remain unclear and controversial, therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis.MethodsFour databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies concerning insulin treatment and the adverse effects of COVID-19, including mortality, incidence of severe/critical complications, in-hospital admission and hospitalization time. To assess publication bias, funnel plots, Begg’s tests and Egger’s tests were used. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to access the effect of insulin therapy on mortality, severe/critical complications and in-hospital admission. The association between insulin treatment and hospitalization time was calculated by the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CIs.ResultsEighteen articles, involving a total of 12277 patients with COVID-19 and diabetes were included. Insulin treatment was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR=2.10; 95% CI, 1.51-2.93) and incidence of severe/critical COVID-19 complications (OR=2.56; 95% CI, 1.18-5.55). Moreover, insulin therapy may increase in-hospital admission in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes (OR=1.31; 95% CI, 1.06-1.61). However, there was no significant difference in the hospitalization time according to insulin treatment (SMD=0.21 95% CI, -0.02-0.45).ConclusionsInsulin treatment may increase mortality and severe/critical complications in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes, but more large-scale studies are needed to confirm and explore the exact mechanism.

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Association between Ambient Temperature, Particulate Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Conjunctivitis

10.21203/rs.2.12952/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

soltan khalaila ◽

Tara Coreanu ◽

Alina Vodonos ◽

Itai Kloog ◽

Alexandra Shtein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Medical Center ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Positive Association ◽

Emergency Room Visits ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have confirmed the association of ambient temperature and air pollution with a higher risk of morbidities, yet few have addressed their effect on the ocular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between temperature, air pollution, and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis.Methods: In this case-crossover study, the records of all emergency room visits to Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed for patients with conjunctivitis. Daily exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and temperature were determined by a hybrid model involving satellite sensors.Results: 6001 patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis in the SUMC emergency room. We discovered a positive association between temperature increments and incidence of conjunctivitis. The strongest effect was found during summer and autumn, with an immediate (lag0) incidence increase of 8.1% for each 1 °C increase in temperature (OR 1.088 95%CI 1.046;1.132) between 24 and 28 °C in the summer and 7.2% for each 1 °C increase in temperature (OR 1.072 95%CI 1.036;1.108) between 13 and 23 °C in the autumn. There was no statistically significant association between fine and coarse particulate matter and conjunctivitis incidence.Conclusion: Temperature increases during summer and autumn are significantly associated with an increased risk of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is not associated with non-anthropogenic air pollution. These findings may help community clinics and hospital emergency rooms better predict conjunctivitis cases and will hopefully lead to improved prevention efforts that will lower the financial burden on both the individual and the public.

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Abstract 14185: Targeting Lower Oxygen Saturation Parameters in Premature Infants Does Not Increase Incidence of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Niccum ◽

Fotios Spyropoulos ◽

Jonathan Levin ◽

Carter Petty ◽

Mary P Mullen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Positive Association ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lower Oxygen

Introduction: Lower oxygen saturation targets in preterm infants have been associated with decreased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) but increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Studies have shown that targets of <90% are associated with higher incidence of PH, however data on the optimal saturation target >90% are lacking. In this study, we compared the rate of BPD and PH in two cohorts with saturation targets of 94-98% and 92-97%. We hypothesized that BPD rate would be lower and PH rate would be unchanged at the lower saturation target. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study comparing PH and BPD rates among two cohorts of infants born at ≤32 weeks gestation at Brigham and Women’s Hospital: cohort 1 with saturation target of 94-98% (n = 129, July 2017-July 2018), cohort 2 with saturation target of 92-97% (n = 124, July 2018-July 2019). PH was defined by echocardiographic evidence of systolic septal flattening or right ventricular pressure ≥35 mmHg (estimated by tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity or shunt velocity) at gestational age (GA) ≥36 weeks. Comparisons between groups were carried out by Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Subjects had a GA of 23-32 weeks; 46% were female. Groups did not differ with respect to GA, sex, or birth weight. There was no difference in rate of PH (2.4% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.12) or BPD (25% vs. 20%, p = 0.31) between cohort 1 and cohort 2. Other clinical parameters were not different between groups, including presence of patent ductus arteriosus, presence of atrial septal defect, use of diuretics, or use of steroids. After controlling for GA, birth weight, sex, and diagnosis of BPD using logistic regression, there was no difference in rate of PH between groups (p = 0.47), but there was a positive association of BPD with PH (OR 3.45; 95% CI, 1.18-10.09; p = 0.02). Conclusions: A lower oxygen saturation target was not associated with a higher rate of PH or lower rate of BPD in preterm infants. The overall rate of PH was much lower than rates previously reported at saturation targets <90%. Given our low incidence of PH, and the lack of a significant difference in rate of PH between groups, a saturation target of 92-97% may be safe while also minimizing need for supplemental oxygen in this population.

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Immune capacity determines outcome following surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00068-019-01271-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 979-991 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruiyi Jia ◽

Moran Zhou ◽

Camilla S. L. Tuttle ◽

Andrea B. Maier

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Positive Association ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Initial Injury

Abstract Purpose Immunological functions are altered following physical injury. The magnitude of the immunological response is dependent on the initial injury. However, variability in the immune response exists within and between patients where only some patients are at risk of developing complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome after injury. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine production capacity of leucocytes can be used as a functional test to predict the risk of developing complications after injury. Methods Medline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify articles that investigated the association between LPS induced cytokine production capacity in leucocytes and any clinical outcome after surgery or trauma. Where sufficient information was supplied, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall clinical outcomes. Results A total of 25 articles out of 6765 abstracts identified through the literature search were included in this review. Most articles described a positive association between cytokine production capacity and the development of inflammatory complications (n = 15/25). Coincidingly, the meta-analysis demonstrated that TNFα (Hedges g: 0.63, 95% CI 0.23, 1.03), IL-6 (Hedges g: 0.76, 95% CI 0.41, 1.11) and IL-8 (Hedges g: 0.93, 95% CI 0.46, 1.39) production capacity was significantly higher, one day after injury, in patients who developed inflammatory complications compared to patients who did not following trauma or surgical intervention. No significant difference was observed for IL-1β. Conclusion The associations of elevated LPS-induced cytokine production capacity with the risk of developing inflammatory complications are consistent with previous theories that proposed excessive inflammation is accompanied by anti-inflammatory mechanisms that results in a period of immunosuppression and increased risk of secondary complications. However, immunological biomarkers for risk stratification is still a developing field of research where further investigations and validations are required.

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Association between ambient temperature, particulate air pollution and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01854-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Khalaila ◽

T. Coreanu ◽

A. Vodonos ◽

I. Kloog ◽

A. Shtein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Medical Center ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Positive Association ◽

Emergency Room Visits ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter

Abstract Background Numerous studies have confirmed the association of ambient temperature and air pollution with a higher risk of morbidities, yet few have addressed their effect on the ocular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between temperature, air pollution, and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis. Methods In this case-crossover study, the records of all emergency room visits to Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed for patients with conjunctivitis. Daily exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and temperature were determined by a hybrid model involving satellite sensors. Mean relative humidity was obtained from the Ministry of Environmental Protection meteorological monitoring station located in Beer-Sheva. Results Six hundred one patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis in the SUMC emergency room. We discovered a positive association between temperature increments and incidence of conjunctivitis. The strongest effect was found during summer and autumn, with an immediate (lag0) incidence increase of 8.1% for each 1 °C increase in temperature (OR = 1.088, 95%CI: 1.046–1.132) between 24 and 28 °C in the summer and 7.2% for each 1 °C increase in temperature (OR = 1.072, 95%CI: 1.036–1.108) between 13 and 23 °C in the autumn. There was no statistically significant association between fine and coarse particulate matter and conjunctivitis incidence. Conclusion Temperature increases during summer and autumn are significantly associated with an increased risk of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is not associated with non-anthropogenic air pollution. These findings may help community clinics and hospital emergency rooms better predict conjunctivitis cases and will hopefully lead to improved prevention efforts that will lower the financial burden on both the individual and the public.

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Clinical outcomes and mortality associated with weekend admission to psychiatric hospital

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.115.180307 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 209 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rashmi Patel ◽

Edward Chesney ◽

Alexis E. Cullen ◽

Alex D. Tulloch ◽

Matthew Broadbent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admission ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Psychiatric Hospital ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

Psychiatric Hospitals ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Minority Ethnic Group ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundStudies indicate that risk of mortality is higher for patients admitted to acute hospitals at the weekend. However, less is known about clinical outcomes among patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals.AimsTo investigate whether weekend admission to a psychiatric hospital is associated with worse clinical outcomes.MethodData were obtained from 45 264 consecutive psychiatric hospital admissions. The association of weekend admission with in-patient mortality, duration of hospital admission and risk of readmission was investigated using multivariable regression analyses. Secondary analyses were performed to investigate the distribution of admissions, discharges, in-patient mortality, episodes of seclusion and violent incidents on different days of the week.ResultsThere were 7303 weekend admissions (16.1%). Patients who were aged between 26 and 35 years, female or from a minority ethnic group were more likely to be admitted at the weekend. Patients admitted at the weekend were more likely to present via acute hospital services, other psychiatric hospitals and the criminal justice system than to be admitted directly from their own home. Weekend admission was associated with a shorter duration of admission (B coefficient –21.1 days, 95% CI –24.6 to –17.6, P<0.001) and an increased risk of readmission in the 12 months following index admission (incidence rate ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.18, P<0.001), but in-patient mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.23, P = 0.30) was not greater than for weekday admission. Fewer episodes of seclusion occurred at the weekend but there was no significant variation in deaths during hospital admission or violent incidents on different days of the week.ConclusionsBeing admitted at the weekend was not associated with an increased risk of in-patient mortality. However, patients admitted at the weekend had shorter admissions and were more likely to be readmitted, suggesting that they may represent a different clinical population to those admitted during the week. This is an important consideration if mental healthcare services are to be implemented across a 7-day week.

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Association between Ambient Temperature, Particulate Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Conjunctivitis

10.21203/rs.2.12952/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soltan Khalaila ◽

Tara Coreanu ◽

Alina Vodonos ◽

Itai Kloog ◽

Alexandra Shtein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Medical Center ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Positive Association ◽

Emergency Room Visits ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have confirmed the association of ambient temperature and air pollution with a higher risk of morbidities, yet few have addressed their effect on the ocular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between temperature, air pollution, and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis.Methods: In this case-crossover study, the records of all emergency room visits to Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed for patients with conjunctivitis. Daily exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and temperature were determined by a hybrid model involving satellite sensors.Results: 6001 patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis in the SUMC emergency room. We discovered a positive association between temperature increments and incidence of conjunctivitis. The strongest effect was found during summer and autumn, when the incidence increased 8.1% for each 1oC rise in temperature between 24 and 28oC in the summer and 7.2% for each 1oC rise in temperature between 13 and 23oC in the autumn. There was no statistically significant association between fine and coarse particulate matter and conjunctivitis incidence.Conclusion: Temperature increases during summer and autumn are significantly associated with an increased risk of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is not associated with non-anthropogenic air pollution. These findings may help community clinics and hospital emergency rooms better predict conjunctivitis cases and will hopefully lead to improved prevention efforts that will lower the financial burden on both the individual and the public.

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Effectiveness of a Malaysian Media Intervention Workshop: Safe Reporting on Suicide

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jane Tze Yn Lim ◽

Qijin Cheng ◽

Yin Ping Ng ◽

Kai Shuen Pheh ◽

Ravivarma Rao Panirselvam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lived Experience ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Control Group ◽

Media Content ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Media

Background: Suicide remains an important cause of premature deaths and draws much media attention. However, unsafe reporting and portrayal of suicides by the media have been associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior. Current evidence suggests that media capacity-building could potentially prevent suicide. However, there are still knowledge gaps in terms of a lack of data on effective strategies for improving awareness and safe reporting of suicide-related media content. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a workshop conducted with members of the media community on the safe reporting of suicide-related content.Methods: An interventional single-arm pre and post pilot study was conducted on a sample of the Malaysian media community recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The media safe reporting workshop was conducted by a suicide prevention expert with a media industry background. Thirty participants completed a self-reported evaluation questionnaire on their awareness and knowledge of reporting on suicide-related media content; before and after the interventional workshop.Results: There was a significant difference between the total scores before and after the intervention, with a large effect size. Post-intervention scores were significantly improved in 8 items, namely those related to the reporting of: (i) the content of any suicide note; (ii) headlines with methods of suicide; (iii) headlines with the location of suicide; (iv) cases of suspected suicide despite the unconfirmed cause of death; (v) suicide news to cater to readers’ interests; (vi) cause of suicide; (vii) details of the location of suicide; and (viii) the negative impact to media community when reporting suicide stories. In particular, there was an improvement in the majority of items for people from the media community with no lived experience of suicidal behavior.Conclusion: The media safe reporting workshop is a potentially effective intervention for improving awareness and knowledge measures relating to safe reporting on suicide among the media community, with a more pronounced effect in those without lived experience of suicidal behavior. Limitations in the sample size, generalizability, short-term evaluation, and lack of a control group warrant future larger, longer-term controlled, and more representative studies.

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Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome Is Affected by Length of Daily Siesta: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4182

Author(s):

Anne Katherine Gribble ◽

Carmen Sayón-Orea ◽

Maira Bes-Rastrollo ◽

Stefanos N. Kales ◽

Ryutaro Shirahama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Positive Association ◽

Mediterranean Population ◽

Night Time ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Siesta has been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease but the mechanism remains unclear. New studies into the relationship between siesta and metabolic syndrome have identified siesta length as a crucial differential, suggesting that siesta less than 40 min is associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, while longer siesta is associated with increased risk. We aimed to investigate the effect of siesta duration on development of metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean population using a prospective cohort study design. Methods: Our sample consisted of 9161 participants of the SUN cohort without components of metabolic syndrome at baseline. Siesta exposure was assessed at baseline and the development of metabolic syndrome components was assessed after an average 6.8 years of follow-up. We estimated odds ratios and fitted logistic regression models to adjust for potential cofounders including night-time sleep duration and quality, as well as other diet, health, and lifestyle factors. Results: We observed a positive association between average daily siesta >30 min and development of metabolic syndrome (aOR = 1.39 CI: 1.03–1.88). We found no significant difference in risk of developing metabolic syndrome between the group averaging ≤30 min of daily siesta and the group not taking siesta (aOR = 1.07 CI: 0.83–1.37). Further analysis suggested that average daily siesta <15 min may reduce risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Our study supports the J-curve model of the association between siesta and risk of metabolic syndrome, but suggests the protective effect is limited to a shorter range of siesta length than previously proposed.

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