scholarly journals Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wasserman ◽  
G. Apter ◽  
C. Baeken ◽  
S. Bailey ◽  
J. Balazs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Involuntary Admission ◽  
Compulsory Admission ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Family Advocacy

Abstract Background. Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care. Methods. The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions. Results. We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures. Conclusions. We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.

Artificial Intelligence, Social Media and Depression. ‘Patient’ Autonomy Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Regina Mueller ◽  
◽  
Sebastian Laacke ◽  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Sabine Salloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Using Data

"Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being developed and various applications are already used in medical practice. This development promises improvements in prediction, diagnostics and treatment decisions. As one example, in the field of psychiatry, AI systems can already successfully detect markers of mental disorders such as depression. By using data from social media (e.g. Instagram or Twitter), users who are at risk of mental disorders can be identified. This potential of AI-based depression detectors (AIDD) opens chances, such as quick and inexpensive diagnoses, but also leads to ethical challenges especially regarding users’ autonomy. The focus of the presentation is on autonomy-related ethical implications of AI systems using social media data to identify users with a high risk of suffering from depression. First, technical examples and potential usage scenarios of AIDD are introduced. Second, it is demonstrated that the traditional concept of patient autonomy according to Beauchamp and Childress does not fully account for the ethical implications associated with AIDD. Third, an extended concept of “Health-Related Digital Autonomy” (HRDA) is presented. Conceptual aspects and normative criteria of HRDA are discussed. As a result, HRDA covers the elusive area between social media users and patients. "

scholarly journals Embedding-Based Complex Feature Value Coupling Learning for Detecting Outliers in Non-IID Categorical Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 5541-5548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzuo Xu ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Zhiyue Wu ◽  
Yijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Order ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Order Complex ◽  
Value Network ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
A Value ◽  
Real World Datasets

Non-IID categorical data is ubiquitous and common in realworld applications. Learning various kinds of couplings has been proved to be a reliable measure when detecting outliers in such non-IID data. However, it is a critical yet challenging problem to model, represent, and utilise high-order complex value couplings. Existing outlier detection methods normally only focus on pairwise primary value couplings and fail to uncover real relations that hide in complex couplings, resulting in suboptimal and unstable performance. This paper introduces a novel unsupervised embedding-based complex value coupling learning framework EMAC and its instance SCAN to address these issues. SCAN first models primary value couplings. Then, coupling bias is defined to capture complex value couplings with different granularities and highlight the essence of outliers. An embedding method is performed on the value network constructed via biased value couplings, which further learns high-order complex value couplings and embeds these couplings into a value representation matrix. Bidirectional selective value coupling learning is proposed to show how to estimate value and object outlierness through value couplings. Substantial experiments show that SCAN (i) significantly outperforms five state-of-the-art outlier detection methods on thirteen real-world datasets; and (ii) has much better resilience to noise than its competitors.

Analysis of Hospital Admissions for Psychiatric Care in Portugal: Results from the SMAILE Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S250-S250
Author(s):  
M. Silva ◽  
A. Antunes ◽  
A. Loureiro ◽  
P. Santana ◽  
J. Caldas-de-Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Compulsory Admission ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions

IntroductionEvidence shows that the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and the need for psychiatric admission is influenced by socio-demographic and contextual factors.ObjectivesTo characterize the severity of hospital admissions for psychiatric care due to common mental disorders and psychosis in Portugal.AimsThis retrospective study analyses all acute psychiatric admissions for common mental disorders and psychosis in four Portuguese departments of psychiatry in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, and investigates the association of their severity with socio-demographic and clinical factors.MethodsSocio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the clinical charts of psychiatric admissions in 2002, 2007 and 2012 (n = 2621). The number of hospital admissions per year (>1) and the length of hospital stay (31 days) were defined as measures of hospital admission severity. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess which socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with both hospital admission severity outcomes.ResultsResults showed different predictors for each outcome. Being widowed, low level of education, being retired, having psychiatric co-morbidity, and a compulsory admission were statistically associated (P < 0.05) with a higher number of hospital admissions. Being single or widowed, being retired, a diagnosis of psychosis, and a compulsory admission were associated with higher length of hospital stay, while having suicidal ideation was associated with a lower length of hospital stay.ConclusionsSocio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are determinants of hospital admissions for psychiatric care and of their severity.Funding Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The development of the role in Ireland of the Authorised Officer (Section 9:1b Mental Health Act 2001) applicant for the involuntary admission to approved centres of persons suffering from mental disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Involuntary Admission ◽  
Health Service Executive ◽  
Mental Health Act

This article outlines the development of the role of the Health Service Executive Authorised Officer in Ireland, the professional applicant for the involuntary admission of an adult to hospital beyond that which was envisioned in the Mental Health Act 2001.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MORAL JUDGMENT ON PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTION BEHAVIOUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Sardar Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
Suharni Maulan ◽  
Noor Hazilah Abd Manaf ◽  
Zaireena Wan Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Prescription Practices ◽  
Development Plans

Pharmaceutical promotion towards physicians’ prescription behaviour is strongly interrelated. Identifying and addressing the ethical challenges in physicians’ prescription behaviour to increase the ethical predisposition of prescribing medicines is prioritized in global health and development plans. Hence, the importance of ethics in the professionalism of healthcare practitioners is now a growing concern. The main objective of this research is to investigate the influence of moral judgment on physicians' prescription behaviour. A survey has been conducted among 152 medical practitioners from private healthcare facilities in the metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor states of Malaysia. The principal component analysis method in EFA and structural equation modelling technique in CFA has been used to analyze the data and validate the model. The study found that physicians’ moral equity factor has a significant and positive influence on physicians’ prescription behaviour whereas their relativism and contractualism factors were not significant. The empirical evidence obtained from this study would make significant contributions to advancing the current knowledge of ethical prescription behaviour. Recommendations to physicians for more ethical prescription practices have been discussed at the end of this paper.

scholarly journals Key Applications of State-of-the-Art Technologies to Mitigate and Eliminate COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Nawaz Brohi ◽  
NZ Jhanjhi ◽  
Nida Nawaz Brohi ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz Brohi
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Primary Reference

COVID-19 has stunned the global economy and threatened human life. Due to rapidly emerging fatalities and enormous cases appearing every day, researchers across the globe are producing significant contributions to mitigate this pandemic. Besides the race for discovering a vaccine and treatment for COVID-19, there is utmost focus on flattening the curve by undertaking appropriate measures. The remarkable role of frontline medical practitioners, who are eagerly treating the affected people will be penned in the history books. The efforts of scientists and technologists will be remembered for their extraordinary contributions to assist healthcare professionals and governments in mitigating the threats of COVID-19. Leading technology firms have formed consortiums and research groups, which provide funding and free access to supercomputers for solving complex computational problems to eliminate COVID-19. In this research, we have unveiled five state-of-the-art technologies and their remarkable applications that can be used to mitigate and eliminate the problems of COVID-19. These technologies include Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3D Printing Technology (3DPT), Big Data Analytics (BDA), High Performance Computing (HPC) and Telecommunication Technology (TT). This research investigates the use of technology to encounter COVID-19 and aims to serve as the primary reference for promoting future research as well as developments to produce solutions for COVID-19 using AI, 3DPT, BDA, HPC and TT.

scholarly journals Key Applications of State-of-the-Art Technologies to Mitigate and Eliminate COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Nawaz Brohi ◽  
NZ Jhanjhi ◽  
Nida Nawaz Brohi ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz Brohi
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Primary Reference

COVID-19 has stunned the global economy and threatened human life. Due to rapidly emerging fatalities and enormous cases appearing every day, researchers across the globe are producing significant contributions to mitigate this pandemic. Besides the race for discovering a vaccine and treatment for COVID-19, there is utmost focus on flattening the curve by undertaking appropriate measures. The remarkable role of frontline medical practitioners, who are eagerly treating the affected people will be penned in the history books. The efforts of scientists and technologists will be remembered for their extraordinary contributions to assist healthcare professionals and governments in mitigating the threats of COVID-19. Leading technology firms have formed consortiums and research groups, which provide funding and free access to supercomputers for solving complex computational problems to eliminate COVID-19. In this research, we have unveiled five state-of-the-art technologies and their remarkable applications that can be used to mitigate and eliminate the problems of COVID-19. These technologies include Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3D Printing Technology (3DPT), Big Data Analytics (BDA), High Performance Computing (HPC) and Telecommunication Technology (TT). This research investigates the use of technology to encounter COVID-19 and aims to serve as the primary reference for promoting future research as well as developments to produce solutions for COVID-19 using AI, 3DPT, BDA, HPC and TT.

scholarly journals Nationwide surveillance for Telmisartan alone or with combination at real world therapy in Indian patients with hypertension (START)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Manoj B. Chopda ◽  
Sunil G. Gadkar ◽  
Yashwanth A. L. ◽  
Ravi Kumar L. ◽  
Dhammadeep C. Dabhade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Nationwide Surveillance

Background: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are amongst the most preferred class of antihypertensive as reported at various evidences or guidelines. However, choice amongst ARBs differs between practicing physicians in real-life scenario. This survey aimed to understand the usage preferences of telmisartan therapy alone and in combination for treating hypertension (HT) among practitioners at various clinical settings in real-life scenario in India.Methods: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted with a pre-validated survey questionnaire consisting of 15 questions pertaining to the telmisartan and its combination usage in HT management. Total 498 registered medical practitioners (mostly physicians and cardiologists) had participated in survey. They were approached for seeking their perception, opinions, and prescribing behaviour. Categorical data was summarized by number (n) and percentage (%) in each category. Data were summarised in frequency tables.Results: Key findings from the data analysed were as follows: Around 20-40% of patients been reported to have co-morbid hypertension and diabetes as reported by the majority of the physicians. Preferred class of drug in patients with hypertension with diabetes reported to be ARB. Around 90.36% of doctors reported that telmisartan was the most preferred ARB in patients with hypertension associated with high cardiovascular risk. Around 90.76% of doctors reported for their preference for telmisartan in patients with hypertension for 24-hr BP control. Around 82.93% of doctors preferred telmisartan in patients with hypertension and stroke/post-MI status.Conclusions: Indian healthcare practitioners prefer telmisartan as the most preferred ARB either alone or in a combination in patients with hypertension, including those with comorbidities.

scholarly journals Causal Learning for Socially Responsible AI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Cheng ◽  
Ahmadreza Mosallanezhad ◽  
Paras Sheth ◽  
Huan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Causal Learning ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Methods

There have been increasing concerns about Artificial Intelligence (AI) due to its unfathomable potential power. To make AI address ethical challenges and shun undesirable outcomes, researchers proposed to develop socially responsible AI (SRAI). One of these approaches is causal learning (CL). We survey state-of-the-art methods of CL for SRAI. We begin by examining the seven CL tools to enhance the social responsibility of AI, then review how existing works have succeeded using these tools to tackle issues in developing SRAI such as fairness. The goal of this survey is to bring forefront the potentials and promises of CL for SRAI.

scholarly journals Ginger: Panacea or Consumer’s Hype?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Santos Braga
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
The Common ◽  
Universal Health

Ginger in its many forms, from juices of the fresh rhizome, to ginger powder and ginger essential oil, is growing in popularity for claimed universal health benefits. Nevertheless, and contrarily to the common notion of the public, ginger is not devoid of side effects, especially interactions with other drugs, and many of the claimed benefits remain to be substantiated. This work presents a comprehensive revision of the current state of the art on ginger pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, interaction with active pharmaceutical ingredients, raising awareness of the risks of uncontrolled ginger consumption. A second section of the work described the verified actions of various extracts of ginger, or of their main active ingredients, gingerols, based mainly on data obtained from controlled clinical trials. Finally, the last section is devoted to innovative technological solutions to improve the bioavailability of gingerols and ginger extracts that are expected to ultimately lead to the development of more consumer-compliant products.

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