Civilization in Southern Italy

1868 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 550-552
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
At Home

The follies and atrocities perpetrated in some parts of Southern Italy, during the epidemic of cholera, by the panic-stricken populace, are a grim satire on the enlightenment of the age. Acting under the ignorant belief that the cholera was propagated amongst them by the authorities or other persons, who either poisoned the wells or infected the air with some deadly poison, they violently attacked and murdered those who became the unfortunate victims of their frantic suspicions. At Ardore, a town in Calabria, on the appearance of the cholera, the people assembled in arms before the druggist's shop, loudly declaring their intention to burn it to the ground. An officerwith a few soldiers in vain attempted to prevent the execution of this design. The mob rushed madly forward, trampled the unfortunate officer to death beneath their feet, set fire to the shop, and ruthlessly butchered the druggist and his family. Twenty other persons also fell victims to the ferocity of the enraged multitude. Similar tumults occurred in other places. At Potentino the mob surrounded the house of a certain Antonio Sabellino, with whom resided his brother Francesco, and a friend, Giacomo di Mattia, accusing them of being poisoners. The rioters broke into the house and searched for the alleged poison. At last they found on a shelf a jar full of paste, which Sabellino kept for poisoning rats. A dog having been made to swallow some of the paste died in a few minutes. This was thought conclusive, and the mob rushed upon the ‘two brothers and their friend and brutally murdered them. In the parish of Oogliano it was firrnly believed that the poisoners went from door to door and blewthe infection through the keyhole. Accordingly a great number of the lower class of people abandoned their houses and camped out in the open air, so that they should not be poisoned; while those who remained at home were constantly firing muskets out of their windows with the idea of paralysing the action of the poison. The authorities and the troops only succeeded after immense efforts in convincing the people of their folly.

scholarly journals Issues of education and upbringing in the pages of "Wielkopolanin" (1848-1850)

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kabacińska-Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Educational Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
At Home

The aim of the article is to attempt and show the “enlightenment” of the peasants of Greater Poland in the middle of the nineteenth century in the magazines addressed to them, especially in relation to matters of education and upbringing. The subject of the research is the information on educational issues raised in one of the magazines for the people – “Wielkopolanin,” which was published in the years 1848-1850. Among the educational issues raised, the most important was the promotion of national identity both at school and at home. Further, it covered such topics as the influence of teachers on patriotic activity (their attitudes, values, importance in the local community), the role of village nursery schools, and support for orphans.

Serge Moscovici's "Réflexions sur la popularité des conspiracy mentalities"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Klein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Representation Theory ◽  
The Masses

This is a pdf of the original typed manuscript of a lecture made in 2006. An annotated English translation will be published by the International Review of Social Psychology. I this text, Moscovici seeks to update his earlier work on the “conspiracy mentality” (1987) by considering the relationships between social representations and conspiracy mentality. Innovation in this field, Moscovici argues, will require a much thorough description and understanding of what conspiracy theories are, what rhetoric they use and what functions they fulfill. Specifically, Moscovici considers conspiracies as a form of counterfactual history implying a more desirable world (in which the conspiracy did not take place) and suggests that social representation theory should tackle this phenomenon. He explicitly links conspiracy theories to works of fiction and suggests that common principles might explain their popularity. Historically, he argues, conspiracism was born twice: First, in the middle ages, when their primary function was to exclude and destroy what was considered as heresy; and second, after the French revolution, to delegitimize the Enlightenment, which was attributed to a small coterie of reactionaries rather than to the will of the people. Moscovici then considers four aspects (“thematas”) of conspiracy mentality: 1/ the prohibition of knowledge; 2/ the duality between the majority (the masses, prohibited to know) and “enlightened” minorities; 3/ the search for a common origin, a “ur phenomenon” that connects historical events and provides a continuity to History (he notes that such a tendency is also present in social psychological theorizing); and 4/ the valorization of tradition as a bulwark against modernity. Some of Moscovici’s insights in this talk have since been borne out by contemporary research on the psychology of conspiracy theories, but many others still remain fascinating potential avenues for future research.

Together in the Same Boat: Exiled Nationalist State and Chinese Civil War Exiles in 1950s Taiwan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Dominic Meng-Hsuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to power, one million mainland Chinese were forcibly displaced to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek's regime. Today, this event is still largely considered as a relocation of government or a military withdrawal operation instead of a massive population movement. Contrary to popular belief, many of the displaced mainlanders were not Nationalist elites. Most were common soldiers, petty civil servants, and war refugees from different walks of life. Based on newspapers, magazines, surveys, declassified official documents produced in 1950s Taiwan and contemporary oral history, this article uncovers the complicated relationship between the regime in exile and the people in exile. It argues that the interdependency between the two, in particular between the migrant state and the socially atomized lower class migrants, was formed gradually over a decade due to two main factors: wartime displacement and the need to face an unfriendly local population together.

The Albanoi in Michael Attaleiates’ History: revisiting the Vranoussi-Ducellier debate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
John Quanrud
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
The People

Half a century ago, the Greek academic Era Vranoussi presented Balkan and Byzantine studies with a new theory. She argued that the people named Albanoi in Michael Attaleiates’ History were not Balkan Albanians, but rather Normans in southern Italy. A debate ensued with French Byzantinist Alain Ducellier that was never resolved. More recently, some notable scholars have begun to incorporate Vranoussi's hypothesis into their work. This article re-examines Vranoussi's arguments and concludes that the evidence favours the traditional reading of Albanoi as Balkan Albanians over the interpretation of this ethnonym as an obscure reference to Norman mercenaries in territories south of Rome.

Care at home for people with dementia: as in a total institution?

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET ASKHAM ◽  
KATE BRIGGS ◽  
IAN NORMAN ◽  
SALLY REDFERN
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Total Institution ◽  
Home Life ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Custodial Care ◽  
Care At Home ◽  
At Home

This article examines three kinds of social relationship likely to be present when people with dementia are cared for at home by relatives or friends: custodial care, an intimate relationship, and home-life. Using Goffman's three defining aspects of custodial care – routinisation, surveillance and mortification of the self – the paper examines whether these characterised the care of people with dementia at home and, if so, whether they conflicted with the intimate relationship and with home-life. The study involved sustained observations and interviews with 20 people with dementia and their carers in and around London, and qualitative analysis of the data. It was found that all three aspects of custodial care were present although not fully realised, and that they led to difficulties, many of which were associated with the concurrent pursuit of an intimate relationship and home-life. In all cases, daily life was routinised partly to help accomplish care tasks but was found monotonous, while surveillance was usual but restrictive, and prevented both the carers and those with dementia from doing things that they wished to do. Those with dementia were distressed by the denial of their former identities, such as car-driver or home-maker, and by being treated like children. Both the carers and the people with dementia had various ways of balancing custodial care, their intimate relationships and home-life, such as combining routines with other activities, evading surveillance or carrying it out by indirect means, and there were many attempts to maintain some semblance of former identities.

scholarly journals Language and Politics: Prose as a Medium of Societal Apartheid in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Class Discrimination ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Language And Politics ◽  
Aristotelian Rhetoric ◽  
At Home

This paper studies the use of prose in Julius Caesar as a tool of political and social apartheid and class discrimination. Usually, Shakespeare assigns blank verse to upper-class characters and prose to lower class ones. The study analyzes three occasions in which prose is used by two patricians and an eloquent cobbler. The paper means to explain the diversion of patricians to prose and add another voice to the already heaping interpretations given in criticism. It argues that the diversion of the two patricians to prose has two functions. Firstly, it shows that prose is indigenous to the poor and the patricians use it when they address the poor or talk about them. Secondly, Shakespeare shows that the diversion of the patricians to prose is a wrong choice and leads to moral depravity or failure of mission. In contrast, the cobbler uses prose effectively because it is indigenous to him and he feels at home using it. The study uses the contextual approach to analyze the three speeches. Keywords: Prose, blank verse, patricians, plebeians, Aristotelian rhetoric, republican politics.

scholarly journals ARSITEKTUR RUMAH BETANG (RADAKNG) KAMPUNG SAHAPM

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Poltak Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The Village ◽  
At Home ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

AbstrakArsitektur dari suatu bangsa, pada suatu masa sering berbeda-beda, baik dalam hal bentuk maupun konsep-konsep yang melandasinya. Hal ini tentu disebabkan adanya perbedaan kebudayaan dari suatu masyarakat dengan masyarakat lainnya. Setiap suku bangsa biasanya akan menunjukkan identitas budayanya melalui benda-benda budaya yang mereka buat. Demikian halnya masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn memiliki ciri tersendiri dalam bentuk arsitektur bangunan khususnya bangunan rumah tinggal. Bentuk arsitektur masyarakat Dayak Kanayat’n yang tinggal di Desa Sahapm tercermin dalam bentuk Rumah Betang atau Rumah Panjang dan hingga kini masih dijaga dan dihuni oleh masyarakat. Bentuk rumah Betang juga menunjukkan hidup kebersamaan bagi penghuninya. Dalam  Rumah panjang atau Rumah Betang mereka berinteraksi antara bilik yang satu dengan bilik yang lainnya. Tujuan penulisan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk arsitektur Rumah Betang dan keberadaannya pada saat ini, selain itu penelitian ini juga  mendeskripsikan kehidupan masyarakat di Rumah Betang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan tehnik pengamatan dan wawancara dalam menggali data di lapangan serta studi kepustakaan sebagai menggali bahan untuk menulis. AbstractThe nation has a diverse architecture, both in terms of form as well as the underlying concepts. The diversity of architecture due to differences in the culture of a society. Each tribe will usually show its cultural identity through cultural objects that they create. Similarly with Kanayatn Dayak community has its own characteristics in the architecture, especially residential buildings. Architectural form of the Dayak people who live in the village Dayak Kanayat'n reflected in the form of Rumah Betang or Rumah Panjang and is still maintained and inhabited by people. Betang shapes also showed live together or togetherness. The people who lived in Rumah Panjang interact with each other in one room to other room. The main purposes of this study is to describe the architectural form and its existence today. In addition, this study describe betang people's lives at home. The method used is descriptive-qualitative method using the techniques of observation and interviews to collect data in the field and library research.

scholarly journals The Smart Health Care Prediction using Chatbot

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
The People ◽  
Smart Health ◽  
Chat Bot ◽  
Medical Healthcare ◽  
Is Design ◽  
At Home

Our healthcare is very much important to lead a peaceful and honest life. If any health issue occurs, we need to go to the hospital and consult the doctor for the very minor problems. our healthcare chatbot is developed to help the people to predict their health issue early at home before they visit the doctor or hospital for the mi nor problems. For the minor issues we are spending lots of costs. The healthcare chatbot is design to reduce such costs and also its improves the efficiency of the medical healthcare. There were many chatbots available they act as a reference for the patient to know more about their health issue. The healthcare chatbot is something different from the other chatbots which predicts the diseases by using symptoms and gives the doctor details to consult the doctor. The healthcare chatbot is developed by using AI in the text to text conversation mode. The user who knows only to write and read can use this chatbot for their minor issue. In this healthcare chatbot, the system predicts the diseases based on the symptom given by the user using the pattern concept in AIML algorithm. The system also predicts the prescription and also give the doctor details to the user based on the diseases predicted for their symptom given. By using this healthcare chat bot people will know the minor diseases at early stage with no costs. Whenever the patient or user gets the time they will consult doctor for their health issue. This will make people to know more about their health issue anywhere at any time.

scholarly journals Assistancing and Recogning to the Students on English for Business in Bireuen, Aceh District

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Zuraini Misnawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Good Service ◽  
The People ◽  
English Subject ◽  
At Home

Bireuen is one of the  district which make a village for Acheness cakes home industry production. A various cakes in Acheness have a quality.  English for business is one the English subject must be taken by the students. English for Business is the activities of making, buying and buying selling in good service and then exchanging them for the money, the activities can be completed at home. Some problems were faced by the people; such as is not good in packaging, is not interesting cointainer, and do not how to promote their product by using social media to increase their income and also improve their quality of the products in Bireuen district, Acheh province. The method of this study is help the people by giving the suggestion and providing packing product in interesting cointainer. Giving the deeply understanding to the students and also the people in developing the mindset of enterpreneurship, the facillitate in equipment, marketing strategy, and marketing management. The results of this program are improve the students in comprehending the English for business, a good packaging and interesting cointaners, increasing the income for the people through promote in media social.

We Are Not Free to Choose: Class Determinism in Zadie Smith’s NW

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Zadie Smith ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractNW by Zadie Smith opens with a multicultural and multiracial scene and revolves around the crises in the lives of four people with longstanding connection to Northwest London. The Northwest London in NW is a besieged city, and the people therein could not see any possibility of getting out because the gate has been latched with the concept of social class. In NW, the social class is materialized as space, economic position and race. Geographically NW features the main areas of London, and considers the role of that city in shaping the consciousness of the major characters, a partly spatial configuring of identity. In addition, the major characters in NW also suffer from occupational exclusion and economic exploitation, which then lead to their lower-class position since social class is constructed in such a way that agents are distributed according to their positions in the statistical distribution based on the economic and cultural capital. Finally the racial discrimination encountered by the characters in NW shows that class relations shape the form that racial oppression takes. The racialization of class issues becomes a politically effective tool for the wealthy to divide and rule the lower classes. In NW, Smith thus has adopted a more political attitude than in her previous books, so the relatively new perspective of her fiction might be the attention she draws to the persistent obstacles to class crossing and the acknowledgment of the rigid lines that still define the social classes.

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