Adherence (adh) to and beliefs about oral anticancer medications (OAMs) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients (pts): A single-center pilot study in the United States.
e17511 Background: Suboptimal adh to drugs is a problem in chronic diseases. In mRCC, OAMs are the mainstay of treatment (tx). Adh and its determinants in exclusively mRCC pts has not been studied in the US. This study aimed to evaluate adh to OAMs in mRCC pts, and describe pts understanding and beliefs about OAMs and their disease. Methods: Single center, cross-sectional study of pts on OAMs for at least 60 days. Planned study size is 50 pts. Standardized assessment instruments used: Adh—MMAS-8 questionnaire (Q); beliefs and expectations regarding OAMs—Beliefs about Medicines Q (BMQ) and Brief-Illness Perception Q (IPQ); Quality of Life (QOL)—BSI-18, FKSI. Semi-structured interviews assessed financial burden, barriers to adh, understanding of prognosis and goals of therapy. Results: To date, 40 pts have been studied. Median age 66 (range 36-85), 75% male, 78% Caucasian, 43% college graduates, 58% with income ≤ 60K. OAMs used: 43% sunitinib, 25% pazopanib, 23% everolimus, 8% axitinib. 1st line tx: 45%; 2nd line tx: 30%; 3rd or beyond: 25%. MMAS-8: 7.4 ± 1.1 (range 3-8); 10% low adheres, 30% intermediate, 60% high. 36% reported not receiving counseling on taking OAMs. BMQ-Necessity: 20 ± 4 (range 8-25); BMQ-Concern: 12 ± 4 (range 5-24). IPQ: 40 ± 13 (range 6-71). QOL: BSI 10 ± 9 (range 0-38); FKSI 44 ± 8 (range 26-60). 18% reported financial difficulty paying for OAMs; 25% paid ≥ $100/mo. No significant difference between adherers and non-adherers in regard to demographic, QOL or belief variables was detected. 23% did not believe OAMs are chemotherapy. 67% believed mRCC is a chronic disease, 46% believed that their OAM may be able to cure them and 44% strongly agreed or agreed with “I expect to be free of cancer in the future.” 52% reported not discussing prognosis with their MD. Conclusions: Our data suggest that self-reported adh in mRCC is much better than in other diseases. Most pts felt mRCC was a chronic disease and almost 50% believed they could be cured. Further research is needed addressing the development of an oncology-specific adh tool and defining an optimal adh benchmark for OAMs via prospective studies of self-reported adh, serum drug levels and outcomes.