Biosimilar usage in practices within the ASCO PracticeNET learning network.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Brian Bourbeau ◽  
Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer ◽  
Mou Guharoy ◽  
Richard L. Schilsky
Keyword(s):  
Steady Increase ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Biosimilar Product ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Opportunity

77 Background: In recent years, several antineoplastic biosimilar products have been approved and marketed for use. We analyzed data from the ASCO PracticeNET learning network to gain insights on the adoption of biosimilar products for bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab. Methods: Our analysis included the following products: bevacizumab, bevacizumab-awwb, bevacizumab-bvzr, rituximab (excluding rituximab and hyaluronidase), rituximab-abbs, trastuzumab, trastuzumab-anns, and trastuzumab-dkst, administered from July 2019 to March 2020. 19 practices submitted their billing data; practices ranged in size from 2 to 29 hematologists/oncologists. Products were identified through use of healthcare common procedure coding system codes. The proportion of biosimilar product doses administered, as a percent of total doses for all related products, was calculated per participating practice. Results: Use of biosimilar products for bevacizumab (first biosimilar approval in September 2017) was first detected in August 2019, averaging 1.4% of administered doses (confidence intervals included in Table) with a range from 0% to 27% among participating practices; by March 2020, average use increased to 31% with a range from 0% to 100%. Use of biosimilar products for rituximab (first biosimilar approval in November 2018), was first detected in January 2020, averaging 2.6% of administered doses, with range of 0% to 30%; by March 2020, average use increased to 18%, with a range of 0% to 61%. Use of biosimilar products for trastuzumab (first biosimilar approval in December 2017) was first detected in September 2019, averaging 0.9% of administered doses with a range of 0% to 17%; by March 2020, average use increased to 35%, with a range of 0% to 98%. Conclusions: The release of biosimilar products has been identified as a potential opportunity to lower the cost of drug therapy for cancer patients. Our analysis identified an approximate 2-year lag from product approval to initial utilization followed by a steady increase in the use of biosimilar products, along with a wide range of use among practices. [Table: see text]

IMPROVEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Stoyanets ◽  
◽  
Mathias Onuh Aboyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
The Cost

The article defines that for the successful implementation of an innovative project and the introduction of a new product into production it is necessary to use advanced technologies and modern software, which is an integral part of successful innovation by taking into account the life cycle of innovations. It is proposed to consider the general potential of the enterprise through its main components, namely: production and technological, scientific and technical, financial and economic, personnel and actual innovation potential. Base for the introduction of technological innovations LLC "ALLIANCE- PARTNER", which provides a wide range of support and consulting services, services in the employment market, tourism, insurance, translation and more. To form a model of innovative development of the enterprise, it is advisable to establish the following key aspects: the system of value creation through the model of cooperation with partners and suppliers; creating a value chain; technological platform; infrastructure, determine the cost of supply, the cost of activities for customers and for the enterprise as a whole. The system of factors of influence on formation of model of strategic innovative development of the enterprise is offered. The expediency of the cost of the complex of technological equipment, which is 6800.0 thousand UAH, is economically calculated. Given the fact that the company plans to receive funds under the program of socio-economic development of Sumy region, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovation project, the purchase of technological equipment, it is determined that the payback period of the project is 3 years 10 months. In terms of net present value (NPV), the project under study is profitable. The project profitability index (PI) meets the requirements for a positive decision on project implementation> 1.0. The internal rate of return of the project (IRR) also has a positive value of 22% because it exceeds the discount rate.

scholarly journals Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Eugene B. Caldona ◽  
Ernesto I. Borrego ◽  
Ketki E. Shelar ◽  
Karl M. Mukeba ◽  
Dennis W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
The Cost

Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we highlight two useful ring-forming polymer groups, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and ortho-diynylarene- (ODA) based thermosets, both demonstrating outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and improved processability. Different synthetic routes (with emphasis on ring-forming polymerization) and properties for these polymers are discussed, followed by their relevant applications in a wide range of aspects.

scholarly journals A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽  
Deyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

Keynote

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Ingo Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Application Developers

Blockchain is a novel distributed ledger technology. Through its features and smart contract capabilities, a wide range of application areas opened up for blockchain-based innovation [5]. In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats [1, 2]. This work will be the main topic of the keynote. In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or operating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method [3, 4]. This method was designed for the Ethereum blockchain platform, where cost also relates to transaction complexity, and therefore also to system throughput.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Two Approaches for Empirical Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Patients with Persistent Febrile Neutropenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 4664-4672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Martín-Peña ◽  
M. Victoria Gil-Navarro ◽  
Manuela Aguilar-Guisado ◽  
Ildefonso Espigado ◽  
Maite Ruiz Pérez de Pipaón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
Hematological Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Empirical Antifungal Therapy ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTNew approaches of empirical antifungal therapy (EAT) in selected hematological patients with persistent febrile neutropenia (PFN) have been proposed in recent years, but their cost-effectiveness has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of two different approaches of EAT in hematological patients with PFN: the diagnosis-driven antifungal therapy (DDAT) approach versus the standard approach of EAT. A decision tree to assess the cost-effectiveness of both approaches was developed. Outcome probabilities and treatment pathways were extrapolated from two studies: a prospective cohort study following the DDAT approach and a randomized clinical trial following the standard approach. Uncertainty was undertaken through sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation. The average effectiveness and economic advantages in the DDAT approach compared to the standard approach were 2.6% and €5,879 (33%) per PFN episode, respectively. The DDAT was the dominant approach in the 99.5% of the simulations performed with average cost-effectiveness per PFN episode of €32,671 versus €52,479 in the EAT approach. The results were robust over a wide range of variables. The DDAT approach is more cost-effective than the EAT approach in the management of PFN in hematological patients.

Prescreening in large populations as a tool for identifying elevated CO2-responsive genotypes in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimono ◽  
Graham Farquhar ◽  
Matthew Brookhouse ◽  
Florian A. Busch ◽  
Anthony O'Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) can stimulate the photosynthesis and productivity of C3 species including food and forest crops. Intraspecific variation in responsiveness to e[CO2] can be exploited to increase productivity under e[CO2]. However, active selection of genotypes to increase productivity under e[CO2] is rarely performed across a wide range of germplasm, because of constraints of space and the cost of CO2 fumigation facilities. If we are to capitalise on recent advances in whole genome sequencing, approaches are required to help overcome these issues of space and cost. Here, we discuss the advantage of applying prescreening as a tool in large genome×e[CO2] experiments, where a surrogate for e[CO2] was used to select cultivars for more detailed analysis under e[CO2] conditions. We discuss why phenotypic prescreening in population-wide screening for e[CO2] responsiveness is necessary, what approaches could be used for prescreening for e[CO2] responsiveness, and how the data can be used to improve genetic selection of high-performing cultivars. We do this within the framework of understanding the strengths and limitations of genotype–phenotype mapping.

scholarly journals Evaluating Public Programs with Close Substitutes: The Case of Head Start*

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kline ◽  
Christopher R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Test Score ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fiscal Impacts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract We use data from the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Head Start, the largest early childhood education program in the United States. Head Start draws roughly a third of its participants from competing preschool programs, many of which receive public funds. We show that accounting for the fiscal impacts of such program substitution pushes estimates of Head Start’s benefit-cost ratio well above one under a wide range of assumptions on the structure of the market for preschool services and the dollar value of test score gains. To parse the program’s test score impacts relative to home care and competing preschools, we selection-correct test scores in each care environment using excluded interactions between experimental assignments and household characteristics. We find that Head Start generates larger test score gains for children who would not otherwise attend preschool and for children who are less likely to participate in the program.

scholarly journals Reimbursement of Apps for Mental Health: Findings From Interviews

10.2196/14724 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e14724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C Powell ◽  
Matthias B Bowman ◽  
Henry T Harbin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Reimbursement Mechanisms ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
The Us ◽  
Varied Range ◽  
Potential Channels ◽  
Physician Work ◽  
Shed Light

Background Although apps and other digital and mobile health tools are helping improve the mental health of Americans, they are currently being reimbursed through a varied range of means, and most are not being reimbursed by payers at all. Objective The aim of this study was to shed light on the state of app reimbursement. We documented ways in which apps can be reimbursed and surveyed stakeholders to understand current reimbursement practices. Methods Individuals from over a dozen stakeholder organizations in the domains of digital behavioral and mental health, care delivery, and managed care were interviewed. A review of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCSPCS) codes was conducted to determine potential means for reimbursement. Results Interviews and the review of codes revealed that potential channels for app reimbursement include direct payments by employers, providers, patients, and insurers. Insurers are additionally paying for apps using channels originally designed for devices, drugs, and laboratory tests, as well as via value-based payments and CPT and HCSPCS codes. In many cases, it is only possible to meet the requirements of a CPT or HCSPCS code if an app is used in conjunction with human time and services. Conclusions Currently, many apps face significant barriers to reimbursement. CPT codes are not a viable means of providing compensation for the use of all apps, particularly those involving little physician work. In some cases, apps have sought clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration for prescription use as digital therapeutics, a reimbursement mechanism with as yet unproven sustainability. There is a need for simpler, more robust reimbursement mechanisms to cover stand-alone app-based treatments.

scholarly journals E.G. PCHELINA ON SLAVERY IN THE OSSETIAN TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Л.Д. БОНДАРЬ ◽  
Р Ш ЗЕЛЬНИЦКАЯ (ШЛАРБА)
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Настоящая статья предлагает публикацию очерка подготовленного известным осетиноведом Евгенией Георгиевной Пчелиной (1895–1972) и до сегодняшнего дня остававшегося не опубликованным. Рукопись не завершена полностью и хранится в архивном фонде Е.Г. Пчелиной в Санкт-Петербургском филиале Архива РАН (фонд № 1017). Рукопись состоит из 11 листов, ее научный аппарат составлен на отдельных карточках. Изучение архивного материала позволило сформировать относительно завершенный очерк и частично восстановить научный аппарат к нему. Текст посвящен вопросу рабства и продажи в плен в традиционном осетинском обществе и был написан для докторской диссертации, которую Пчелина готовила в течение ряда лет, но защита которой так и не состоялась. Удалось восстановить круг научных работ и источниковую базу, на основе которых был написан этот очерк Пчелиной. В статье предложена датировка этой работы – не позднее 1953 г. В публикуемом очерке Пчелиной изложены вопросы осетинской терминологии по изучаемой проблеме, описаны категории рабов, отношение в обществе к разным категориям рабов, способы пленения и доставки в дома пленных, невольничьи рынки на территории Осетии и соседних земель, стоимость рабов и др. Это исследование содержит все те черты, которые являются характерными для научного творчества Пчелиной: прекрасное знание научных работ и использование широкого круга источников, с обязательным обращением к фольклорному материалу и сведениям, полученным от информантов. This article proposes the publication of an essay written by the famous scholar of Ossetian studies Evgenia Georgievna Pchelina (1895–1972); this work has remained unpublished until today. The manuscript is not fully completed and is kept in the archive fund of E.G. Pchelina in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (fond No. 1017). The manuscript consists of 11 sheets, its scientific apparatus is compiled on separate cards. The study of archival material made it possible to form a relatively complete text of the essay and partially restore the scientific apparatus to it. The text is devoted to the issue of slavery and captivity in the traditional Ossetian society and was written for a doctoral dissertation, which Pchelina had been preparing for a number of years, but the defense of which has never taken place. It was possible to restore the range of scientific works and the source base used by Pchelina for this essay. The article suggests the dating of this work – no later than 1953. In the essay by Pchelina under consideration, the issues of Ossetian terminology on the studied problem is presented, the categories of slaves, the attitude in society to different categories of slaves, methods of captivity and delivery to the homes of prisoners, slave markets on the territory of Ossetia and neighboring lands, the cost of slaves, etc. are described. This work of Pchelina contains all the features that are characteristic of her scientific creativity: excellent knowledge of scientific works and the use of a wide range of sources, with mandatory reference to folklore material and data received from informants.

scholarly journals Post colonoscopic acute bacterial prostatitis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Rahim A. Rashid ◽  
Ramalakshmi Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Prostatitis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis ◽  
Lower Urinary

Colonoscopy is a common procedure for diagnosing a wide range of conditions and symptoms affecting the large bowel. Research has shown that the examination itself may induce transient bacterial infections. Specifically acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) has little mention in medical literature as a recognized complication of this procedure. Here we discuss a 37 year old male presenting with symptoms suggesting lower urinary tract infection after having undergone colonoscopy followed by recurrent episodic haematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Physicians and endoscopists should be aware of the risk of acute bacterial prostatitis as a potential complication of colonoscopy in order to minimize misdiagnosis as well as the complications associated with the delayed treatment of it. In addition male patients and the immunocompromised should be fully counselled regarding this risk prior to undertaking this procedure.

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