scholarly journals Scientific Productivity and Cancer-Related Mortality: A Case Study of a Positive Association in Colombia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
David Bravo-Linares ◽  
Andrés M. Acevedo-Melo ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño ◽  
Luisa Ricaurte ◽  
Diana Lucio-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Output ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Related Mortality

PURPOSE Cancer morbidity represents an increasing public health issue; this worldwide phenomenon also is true for emerging upper-middle-income countries, such as Colombia. The main purpose of this study was to uncover the relationship between scientific productivity and cancer-related mortality in our setting. METHODS We conducted a temporal-trend ecologic study by means of bibliometric analysis from records of publications from SCOPUS database with Colombian institutional affiliations between 2000 and 2015. Productivity and overall mortality were estimated and compared using econometric modeling to identify potential correlations. Additional exploratory analyses per six most frequent cancer sites were performed. RESULTS Of 2,645 publication records retrieved, 1,464 (55.3%) met selection criteria to be classified as Colombian scientific production (interobserver agreement, 92.96%; κ = 0.859; 95% CI, 0.800 to 0.918). Overall, 79.6% of the records corresponded to original or in-press articles; furthermore, almost half (49.7%) embodied descriptive study designs. Selected records reported a median of five authors and three different affiliations per publication; 66% had been cited at least once up to September 2017. The most-studied cancer-specific locations were cervix (16.1%), breast (11.5%), and stomach (9.8%), but nonspecific locations had the largest combined participation (23.4%). An increasing trend in scientific productivity was correlated to decreasing trend in overall cancer mortality, which was reported as an inverse proportional relationship in the linear regression modeling ( r = −0.958; P < .001). Graphic analyses per cancer-specific sites revealed heterogeneous behaviors of this relationship. CONCLUSION Colombian cancer-specific scientific productivity demonstrated a steady growth as opposed to a decreasing mortality trend in the recent years. The research output is predominantly descriptive with relatively low interinstitutional partnership and low impact in the international scientific community.

scholarly journals The Arab region’s contribution to global COVID-19 research: Bibliometric and visualization analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa’ed H. Zyoud
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Research

Abstract Background At the global level and in the Arab world, particularly in low-income countries, COVID-19 remains a major public health issue. As demonstrated by an incredible number of COVID-19-related publications, the research science community responded rapidly. Therefore, this study was intended to assess the growing contribution of the Arab world to global research on COVID-19. Methods For the period between December 2019 and March 2021, the search for publications was conducted via the Scopus database using terms linked to COVID-19. VOSviewer 1.6.16 software was applied to generate a network map to assess hot topics in this area and determine the collaboration patterns between different countries. Furthermore, the research output of Arab countries was adjusted in relation to population size and gross domestic product (GDP). Results A total of 143,975 publications reflecting the global overall COVID-19 research output were retrieved. By restricting analysis to the publications published by the Arab countries, the research production was 6131 documents, representing 4.26% of the global research output regarding COVID-19. Of all these publications, 3990 (65.08%) were original journal articles, 980 (15.98%) were review articles, 514 (8.38%) were letters and 647 (10.55%) were others, such as editorials or notes. The highest number of COVID-19 publications was published by Saudi Arabia (n = 2186, 35.65%), followed by Egypt (n = 1281, 20.78%) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), (n = 719, 11.73%). After standardization by population size and GDP, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Lebanon had the highest publication productivity. The collaborations were mostly with researchers from the United States (n = 968), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 661). The main research lines identified in COVID-19 from the Arab world are related to: public health and epidemiology; immunological and pharmaceutical research; signs, symptoms and clinical diagnosis; and virus detection. Conclusions A novel analysis of the latest Arab COVID-19-related studies is discussed in the current study and how these findings are connected to global production. Continuing and improving future collaboration between developing and developed countries will also help to facilitate the sharing of responsibilities for COVID-19 in research results and the implementation of policies for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Systematic review: Symptoms of parental depression and anxiety and offspring overweight

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Paula Lobo Marco ◽  
Inaê Dutra Valério ◽  
Christian Loret de Mola Zanatti ◽  
Helen Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing literature on the association between parents’ depression and anxiety and their influence on their children’s weight during childhood, identifying possible mechanisms involved in this association. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO and SciELO databases, using the following descriptors: (maternal OR mother* OR parent* OR paternal OR father) AND (“common mental disorder” OR “mental health” OR “mental disorder” OR “depressive disorder” OR depress* OR anxiety OR “anxiety disorder”) AND (child* OR pediatric OR offspring) AND (overweight OR obes* OR “body mass index” OR BMI). A total of 1,187 articles were found after peer selection. RESULTS: In total, 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the review. Most of them investigated depressive symptoms and only three, symptoms of maternal anxiety. The evaluated studies suggested a positive association between symptoms of maternal depression and higher risk of childhood obesity. The results diverged according to the chronicity of depressive symptoms (episodic or recurrent depression) and income of the investigated country (high or middle income). Mechanisms were identified passing by quality of parenthood, affecting behaviors related to physical activity and child-feeding, as mediators of the association. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude there is evidence of a positive relationship between the occurrence of maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety and childhood obesity. It is emphasized the need for a better understanding on the effect of depressive symptoms and the contextual factors involved in this relationship so that effective intervention strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Multi-faceted insights of entrepreneurship facing a fast-growing economy: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Hoang Vuong ◽  
Viet Phuong La ◽  
Thu Trang Vuong ◽  
Phuong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Manh Toan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Growing Economy

AbstractThis study explores entrepreneurship research in Vietnam, a lower-middle-income country in Southeast Asia that has witnessed rapid economic growth since the 1990s but has nonetheless been absent in the relevant Western-centric literature. Using an exclusively developed software, the study presents a structured dataset on entrepreneurship research in Vietnam from 2008 to 2018, highlighting: low research output, low creativity level, inattention to entrepreneurship theories, and instead, a focus on practical business matters. The scholarship remains limited due to the detachment between the academic and entrepreneur communities. More important are the findings that Vietnamese research on entrepreneurship, still in its infancy, diverges significantly from those in developed and emerging economies in terms of their content and methods. These studies are contextualized to a large extent to reflect the concerns of a developing economy still burdened by the high financial and nonfinancial costs.

3 Estimating the Burden of Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i1-i6
Author(s):  
Y Xiang ◽  
K Chan ◽  
I Rudan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Policy And Planning

Abstract Background and Objectives Rapid increase in life expectancy has resulted in an increase in the global burden of dementia that is expected to become a leading cause of morbidity in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are expected to bear an increasing majority of the burden, but lack data for accurate burden estimates that are key for informing policy and planning. Bayesian methods have recently gained recognition over traditional frequentist approaches for modelling disease burden for their superiority in dealing with severely limited data. This study provides updated estimates of dementia prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for the years 2015, 2020 and 2030. Given the paucity of data, estimates were developed using a Bayesian methodology and confirmed by the traditional frequentist approach, with the aim of providing methodological insights for future disease burden estimates. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant primary studies published between the years 2010–2018. The quality of the included studies was critically assessed. A random-effects model (REM) and a Bayesian normal-normal hierarchical model (NNHM) were used to obtain the pooled prevalence estimate of dementia for people aged 60 and above. The latter model was also developed to estimate age-specific dementia prevalence. Using UN population estimates, total and age-specific projections of the burden of dementia were calculated. Results The prevalence of dementia in LAC was found to be 14% (10–21%) in those above age 60 based on REM, and 8% (5–11.5%) based on NNHM. The prevalence increased from 2% (1–4%) in people aged 60–69 to 29% (20–37%) in people above the age of 80. The number of people living with dementia in LAC in 2015 was estimated at 5.68 million, with future projections of 6.86 million in 2020 and 9.94 million in 2030. Conclusions The findings of this review found that burden of dementia in LAC is substantial and continues to rapidly grow. The projected rise in dementia cases in the future should prompt urgent governmental response to address this growing public health issue. We were also able to demonstrate that given the overall paucity of data, a Bayesian approach was superior for estimating disease prevalence and burden.

scholarly journals Case Study of Pediatric Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis Center of a Low Middle-Income Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110228
Author(s):  
Bushra Moiz ◽  
Ronika Devi Ukrani ◽  
Aiman Arif ◽  
Inaara Akbar ◽  
Muhammed Wahhaab Sadiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms

Pediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare but a potentially fatal disease requiring its understanding in local setting. In this study, we observed the clinical course, management, and outcome of pediatric patients with sinus thrombosis in a tertiary care center at Pakistan. Patients between age 0 to 18 years of both genders diagnosed with sinus thrombosis during 2011 to 2020 were included. Data was collected through in-house computerized system and SPSS version 19 was used for analysis. Of 143492 pediatric admissions, 32 (21 males and 11 females) patients with a median (IQR) age of 4.5 years (0-16) had CVST. This is equivalent to 18.5 CVST events per million pediatric admissions. Adolescents were mostly affected, and the overall mortality was 7%. Primary underlying disorders were infections (59%), hematological neoplasms (12.5%), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (3%) and antiphospholipid syndrome (3%). Activated protein C resistance (44%) was the most common inherited thrombophilia. Twenty-one (66%) patients were anemic with a mean (±SD) hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL (±2.3). Regression analysis showed a positive association of anemia with multiple sinus involvement ( P-value 0.009) but not with duration of symptoms ( P-value 0.344), hospital stay ( P-value 0.466), age ( P-value 0.863) or gender ( P-value 0.542) of the patients. SARS-COV2 was negative in patients during 2020. Adolescents were primarily affected by sinus thrombosis and infections was the predominant risk factor for all age groups, with a low all-cause mortality. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and intervention.

Research Productivity and International Collaboration: A Study of Ecuadorian Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Castillo ◽  
Michael A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

Ecuador’s research output relative to other Latin American countries has been low historically; however, over the last 10 years, the government has put various policies in place to help remedy this situation. This is an analysis of Ecuadorian research productivity from 2006 to 2015. The scientific productivity of Ecuador has increased 5.16 times over the past years, exceeding Latin American growth. Over 80% of Ecuadorian publications include international collaboration mainly with the United States and some European and Latin American countries.

A-35 Relationship between Suicidality and Discrepancies in Verbal and Nonverbal Intelligence in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1076
Author(s):  
Dov Gold ◽  
Danya Ravid ◽  
Emily Crain ◽  
Karen Holler
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Iq Discrepancy

Abstract Objective Many have examined the relationship between intellectual functioning (IQ) and suicidality in children and adolescents. However, no study to date has investigated how discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal IQ may influence suicide risk in adolescents. This study used a sample of patients hospitalized on an adolescent psychiatric unit to compare number of lifetime suicide attempts (SA) among those with a ≥ 22-point difference between verbal and nonverbal abilities. Method Data were retroactively collected from a convenience sample. Patients were grouped based on discrepancies between Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) scores (VCI &gt; PRI & VCI). Results The number of lifetime ACEs or size of IQ discrepancy did not significantly differ between groups; however, those in the VCI &lt; PRI (μ = 1.13 ± 0.98) group had a significant higher number of SAs than those in the VCI &gt; PRI group (μ = 0.50 ± 0.86) (t(32) = 2.01, p = 0.05). Hedges’ g revealed large effect for IQ discrepancy type and number of SAs. Linear regression modeling revealed a positive association between number of ACEs and number of SAs (ß = 0.10, t(33) = 2.71, p = 0.01). Size of IQ discrepancy was not significantly contributory to total SAs. Conclusion VCI being considerably lower than PRI may increase risk of SA in adolescents. This risk may be further exacerbated by lifetime number of ACEs.

Research Output of Anna University: A Bibliometric Study Based on Scopus Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
N. Geetha ◽  
S. Kothainayaki
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Document Type ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Scopus Database

The study analyses research output of Anna University (Tamil Nadu) using Scopus database during the period 1988 to 2017 (30 years). Further predominance was given for Type of Source, Chronological growth, Subject wise contribution, Document type preferred, Collaborated Country, Collaborated Institutions, Contributed Journal, Highly contributed author, Keywords Preferred and Language of the paper.A total of 23,883 records have been identified and the same has been analyzed using bibliometric study. There has been steady growth of publications and 50% of articles appeared during the last five years between 2013 and 2017. The publications were doubled once in seven years. The average publication per year works out to 795 papers and nearly 78% of contributions were from Engineering; Computer Science; Materials Science, Physics and Astronomy. Around 17 Countries collaborated and contributed to more than 101 papers. The top three journals which have more publications were, “International Journal of Applied Engineering Research”; “European Journal of Scientific Research” and “Journal of Crystal Growth”.

scholarly journals Fall-related mortality trends in older Japanese adults aged ≥65 years: a nationwide observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideharu Hagiya ◽  
Toshihiro Koyama ◽  
Yoshito Zamami ◽  
Yasuhisa Tatebe ◽  
Tomoko Funahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Nationwide Observational Study ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Related Mortality

ObjectivesFall-related mortality among older adults is a major public health issue, especially for ageing societies. This study aimed to investigate current trends in fall-related mortality in Japan using nationwide population-based data covering 1997–2016.DesignWe analysed fall-related deaths among older persons aged ≥65 years using the data provided by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.ResultsThe crude and age-standardised mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 persons by stratifying by age (65–74, 75–84 and ≥85 years) and sex. To identify trend changes, a joinpoint regression model was applied by estimating change points and annual percentage change (APC). The total number of fall-related deaths in Japan increased from 5872 in 1997 to 8030 in 2016, of which 78.8% involved persons aged ≥65 years. The younger population (65–74 years) showed continuous and faster-decreasing trends for both men and women. Average APC among men aged ≥75 years did not decrease. Among middle-aged and older women (75–84 and ≥85 years) decreasing trends were observed. Furthermore, the age-adjusted mortality rate of men was approximately twice that of women, and it showed a faster decrease for women.ConclusionsAlthough Japanese healthcare has shown improvement in preventing fall-related deaths over the last two decades, the crude mortality for those aged over 85 years remains high, indicating difficulty in reducing fall-related deaths in the super-aged population. Further investigations to uncover causal factors for falls in older populations are required.

scholarly journals OC 8521 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SAFETY OF CO-ADMINISTERED HUMAN HOOKWORM VACCINE CANDIDATES NA-APR-1 (M74)/ALHYDROGEL® AND NA-GST-1/ALHYDROGEL® IN GABONESE CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A12.1-A12
Author(s):  
Jeannot Fréjus Zinsou ◽  
Josiane Honpkehedji ◽  
Dejon Agobe Jean Claude ◽  
Bayodé R Adegbite ◽  
Jean Ronald Edoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundHuman hookworm infection is a major public health issue in tropical low and middle-income countries with severe consequences. To date, improvement of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene is the major contributor to disease control, and additional control tools are needed. Here, we assess a phase I trial of a new hookworm vaccine candidate Na-APR-1 (M74)/Alhydrogel and Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel in Gabonese school-age children.MethodsA double-blind, randomised, controlled, dose-escalation phase I clinical trial that aims to evaluate safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Na-APR-1 (M74)/Alhydrogel co-administered with Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel hookworm vaccines in children aged 6 to 10 years living in hookworm-endemic area of Lambaréné, compared to the hepatitis B vaccine (ENGERIX-B). Children received three doses of assigned vaccines, delivered intramuscularly (deltoid) on Days 0, 56, and 112 or 180. Safety is measured from Day 0 through Day 14 by the occurrence of solicited injection site and systemic reactogenicity events. Clinical laboratory evaluations were performed approximately 14 days after each immunisation. Unsolicited adverse events were collected from Day 0 through approximately 1 month after each vaccination.ResultsA total of 135 children were screened, and 60, aged 6 to 10 years old, were randomised into 3 groups and received 10 µg, 30 µg or 100 µg of Na-APR-1 (M74)/Alhydrogel and Na-GST-1 Alhydrogel, respectively, compared to ENGERIX-B. At baseline, the mean age of the study population was 7.4 years and the sex ratio 1.3 (male: female). From Day 0 up to Day 14 after vaccination, the main solicited adverse events were pain and swelling at injection sites with 135 (26 of grade 2 and 1 of grade 3) and 9 events, respectively. Regarding systemic adverse events, 3 occurrences of grade 1 headache were recorded. Immunogenicity analyses are underway.ConclusionThe preliminary results confirm that co-administration of the two hookworm vaccine candidates is safe and well-tolerated in Gabonese children.

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