Cultivation Stress Techniques and the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Cannabis sativa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Callie Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa

scholarly journals Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Henry Lowe ◽  
Blair Steele ◽  
Joseph Bryant ◽  
Ngeh Toyang ◽  
Wilfred Ngwa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Viruses

The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) produces an estimated 545 chemical compounds of different biogenetic classes. In addition to economic value, many of these phytochemicals have medicinal and physiological activity. The plant is most popularly known for its two most-prominent and most-studied secondary metabolites—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Both Δ9-THC and CBD have a wide therapeutic window across many ailments and form part of a class of secondary metabolites called cannabinoids—of which approximately over 104 exist. This review will focus on non-cannabinoid metabolites of Cannabis sativa that also have therapeutic potential, some of which share medicinal properties similar to those of cannabinoids. The most notable of these non-cannabinoid phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpenes. We will also discuss future directions in cannabis research and development of cannabis-based pharmaceuticals. Caflanone, a flavonoid molecule with selective activity against the human viruses including the coronavirus OC43 (HCov-OC43) that is responsible for COVID-19, and certain cancers, is one of the most promising non-cannabinoid molecules that is being advanced into clinical trials. As validated by thousands of years of the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, vast anecdotal evidence abounds on the medicinal benefits of the plant. These benefits are attributed to the many phytochemicals in this plant, including non-cannabinoids. The most promising non-cannabinoids with potential to alleviate global disease burdens are discussed.

scholarly journals Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa with Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lowe ◽  
Blair Steele ◽  
Joseph Bryant ◽  
Ngeh Toyang ◽  
Wilfred Ngwa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Viruses

The Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) produces an estimated 545 chemical compounds of different biogenetic classes. In addition to economic value, many of these phytochemicals have medicinal and physiological activity. The plant is most popularly known for its two most prominent and most studied secondary metabolites— Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD). Both Δ9-THC and CBD have a wide therapeutic window across many ailments and form part of a class of secondary metabolites called cannabinoids—of which approximately over 104 exist. This review will focus on non-cannabinoid metabolites of Cannabis sativa that also have therapeutic potential, some of which share medicinal properties similar to those of cannabinoids. The most notable of these non-cannabinoid phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpenes. We will also discuss future directions in cannabis research and development of cannabis-based pharmaceuticals. Caflanone, a flavonoid molecule with selective activity against the human viruses including the coronavirus SARS-COV2, and certain cancers, is one of the most promising non-cannabinoid molecules that is being advanced into clinical trials. As validated by thousands of years of the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, vast anecdotal evidence abounds on the medicinal benefits of the plant. These benefits are attributed to the many phytochemicals in this plant, including non-cannabinoids. The most promising non-cannabinoids with potential to alleviate global disease burdens are discussed.

scholarly journals Cannabis Microbiome and the Role of Endophytes in Modulating the Production of Secondary Metabolites: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Taghinasab ◽  
Suha Jabaji
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Plants, including cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa), host distinct beneficial microbial communities on and inside their tissues and organs, including seeds. They contribute to plant growth, facilitating mineral nutrient uptake, inducing defence resistance against pathogens, and modulating the production of plant secondary metabolites. Understanding the microbial partnerships with cannabis has the potential to affect the agricultural practices by improving plant fitness and the yield of cannabinoids. Little is known about this beneficial cannabis-microbe partnership, and the complex relationship between the endogenous microbes associated with various tissues of the plant, and the role that cannabis may play in supporting or enhancing them. This review will consider cannabis microbiota studies and the effects of endophytes on the elicitation of secondary metabolite production in cannabis plants. The review aims to shed light on the importance of the cannabis microbiome and how cannabinoid compound concentrations can be stimulated through symbiotic and/or mutualistic relationships with endophytes.

scholarly journals Terpenoids and Phytocannabinoids Co-Produced in Cannabis Sativa Strains Show Specific Interaction for Cell Cytotoxic Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvora Namdar ◽  
Hillary Voet ◽  
Vinayaka Ajjampura ◽  
Stalin Nadarajan ◽  
Einav Mayzlish-Gati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Analytical Hplc

Mixtures of different Cannabis sativa phytocannabinoids are more active biologically than single phytocannabinoids. However, cannabis terpenoids as potential instigators of phytocannabinoid activity have not yet been explored in detail. Terpenoid groups were statistically co-related to certain cannabis strains rich in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) or cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and their ability to enhance the activity of decarboxylase phytocannabinoids (i.e., THC or CBD) was determined. Analytical HPLC and GC/MS were used to identify and quantify the secondary metabolites in 17 strains of C. sativa, and correlations between cannabinoids and terpenoids in each strain were determined. Column separation was used to separate and collect the compounds, and cell viability assay was used to assess biological activity. We found that in “high THC” or “high CBD” strains, phytocannabinoids are produced alongside certain sets of terpenoids. Only co-related terpenoids enhanced the cytotoxic activity of phytocannabinoids on MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 cell lines. This was found to be most effective in natural ratios found in extracts of cannabis inflorescence. The correlation in a particular strain between THCA or CBDA and a certain set of terpenoids, and the partial specificity in interaction may have influenced the cultivation of cannabis and may have implications for therapeutic treatments.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Potential of Industrial Hemp Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Alice GRIGORE ◽  
◽  
Lucia PIRVU ◽  
Corina BUBUEANU ◽  
Ioana ȚABREA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Potential Antitumor

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a source of fibers, oil and valuable secondary metabolites. Regarding phenolic compounds, it has to be noted that the plant biosynthesizes molecules with various pharmacological benefits. The aim of this study was to prove the cytotoxic potential of hemp polar and non-polar fractions against two cancer cell lines (BT-20 and U87). The study revealed the potential antitumor activity of industrial hemp selective fractions but a correlation between polyphenols content and the cytotoxic effect could not be established.

LED lighting affects the composition and biological activity of Cannabis sativa secondary metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvory Namdar ◽  
Dana Charuvi ◽  
Vinayka Ajjampura ◽  
Moran Mazuz ◽  
Aurel Ion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Led Lighting

scholarly journals Cannabinoids, Phenolics, Terpenes and Alkaloids of Cannabis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Radwan ◽  
Suman Chandra ◽  
Shahbaz Gul ◽  
Mahmoud A. ElSohly
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. It was introduced into western medicine during the early 19th century. It contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid-type constituents. More than 500 compounds have been reported from C. sativa, of which 125 cannabinoids have been isolated and/or identified as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are C21 terpeno-phenolic compounds specific to Cannabis. The non-cannabinoid constituents include: non-cannabinoid phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and others. This review discusses the chemistry of the cannabinoids and major non-cannabinoid constituents (terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenolics, and alkaloids) with special emphasis on their chemical structures, methods of isolation, and identification.

scholarly journals Cell Suspensions of Cannabis sativa (var. Futura): Effect of Elicitation on Metabolite Content and Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Gabotti ◽  
Franca Locatelli ◽  
Erica Cusano ◽  
Elena Baldoni ◽  
Annamaria Genga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cell Extracts

Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most-studied species for its phytochemistry due to the abundance of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds. In the last decade, fiber-type hemp varieties have received interest for the production of many specialized secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. The interest in these molecules is due to their antioxidant activity. Since secondary metabolite synthesis occurs at a very low level in plants, the aim of this study was to develop a strategy to increase the production of such compounds and to elucidate the biochemical pathways involved. Therefore, cell suspensions of industrial hemp (C. sativa L. var. Futura) were produced, and an advantageous elicitation strategy (methyl jasmonate, MeJA) in combination with precursor feeding (tyrosine, Tyr) was developed. The activity and expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) increased upon treatment. Through 1H-NMR analyses, some aromatic compounds were identified, including, for the first time, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (4-HPP) in addition to tyrosol. The 4-day MeJA+Tyr elicited samples showed a 51% increase in the in vitro assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) radical scavenging activity relative to the control and a 80% increase in the cellular antioxidant activity estimated on an ex vivo model of human erythrocytes. Our results outline the active metabolic pathways and the antioxidant properties of hemp cell extracts under the effect of specific elicitors.

scholarly journals Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa with Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lowe ◽  
Blair Steele ◽  
Joseph Bryant ◽  
Ngeh Toyang ◽  
Wilfred Ngwa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Viruses

The Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) produces an estimated 545 chemical compounds of different biogenetic classes. In addition to economic value, many of these phytochemicals have medicinal and physiological activity. The plant is most popularly known for its two most prominent and most studied secondary metabolites— Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD). Both Δ9-THC and CBD have a wide therapeutic window across many ailments and form part of a class of secondary metabolites called cannabinoids—of which approximately over 104 exist. This review will focus on non-cannabinoid metabolites of Cannabis sativa that also have therapeutic potential, some of which share medicinal properties similar to those of cannabinoids. The most notable of these non-cannabinoid phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpenes. We will also discuss future directions in cannabis research and development of cannabis-based pharmaceuticals. Caflanone, a flavonoid molecule with selective activity against the human viruses including the coronavirus SARS-COV2, and certain cancers, is one of the most promising non-cannabinoid molecules that is being advanced into clinical trials. As validated by thousands of years of the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, vast anecdotal evidence abounds on the medicinal benefits of the plant. These benefits are attributed to the many phytochemicals in this plant, including non-cannabinoids. The most promising non-cannabinoids with potential to alleviate global disease burdens are discussed.

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