scholarly journals Cannabinoids, Phenolics, Terpenes and Alkaloids of Cannabis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Radwan ◽  
Suman Chandra ◽  
Shahbaz Gul ◽  
Mahmoud A. ElSohly
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. It was introduced into western medicine during the early 19th century. It contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid-type constituents. More than 500 compounds have been reported from C. sativa, of which 125 cannabinoids have been isolated and/or identified as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are C21 terpeno-phenolic compounds specific to Cannabis. The non-cannabinoid constituents include: non-cannabinoid phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and others. This review discusses the chemistry of the cannabinoids and major non-cannabinoid constituents (terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenolics, and alkaloids) with special emphasis on their chemical structures, methods of isolation, and identification.

Antioxidative Agents From Medicinal Plants

2022 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Ahmad Hussain ◽  
Manish Singh Sansi ◽  
Daraksha Iram ◽  
Priyanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
The World ◽  
Antioxidative Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The medicinal plants have been used by humans since ancient times, and the great civilizations of the world in ancient times were well aware of the benefits brought by the use of medicinal plants. This chapter provides important information regarding medicinal plants that have a wide variety of antioxidative agents ranging from bitter compounds that stimulate digestion system, phenolic compounds for antioxidant and numerous other pharmacological properties, antibacterial, and antifungal to tannins that act as natural antibiotics, diuretic substances, alkaloids, and so forth.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae as functional foods – a review  

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Carović-Stanko ◽  
M. Petek ◽  
M. Grdiša ◽  
J. Pintar ◽  
D. Bedeković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Special Complex

Historically, species of the family Lamiaceae have enjoyed a rich tradition of use for flavouring, food preservation, and medicinal purposes, due to both their curative and their preventive properties. It is well known that each species has a special, complex mixture of bioactive compounds in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. Their value lays in the production of a wide range of secondary metabolites with potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities. This review focuses on the Lamiaceae species and their secondary metabolites encompassing a wide array of beneficial functions and their applicability as sources of functional foods. It could help in addressing specific consumer needs as healthy diet is a part of the lifestyle that maintains or improves overall health.

scholarly journals Metabolites from Macroalgae and Its Applications in the Cosmetic Industry: A Circular Economy Approach

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Lourenço-Lopes ◽  
Maria Fraga-Corral ◽  
Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez ◽  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paula Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
The World

Marine macroalgae are a suitable source of ingredients due to their huge diversity, availability and nutritional and chemical composition. Their high content in proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins, but also in secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids or pigments, make them great candidates for industrial applications. The cosmetic industry is one of the biggest in the world and the search for new ingredients is constantly growing as the consumer trend now is going back to those traditional cosmetics with a more natural composition. Moreover, the concept of a circular economy is also gaining importance due to the unsustainable situation of the natural resources. Although macroalgae are already used in cosmetics, especially as thickening and gelling agents, they possess an unexplored potential, not only as excipients and additives but also as a source of new active ingredients. In this context, macroalgae are considered in many cases as resources still underexploited and they could even be obtained from the waste of other industrial sectors and be used for recovering active molecules. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile information about the different macroalgae metabolites and their possible applications in the cosmetic industry, which could employ circular economy models.

Monoterpenes: Essential Oil Components with Valuable Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 958-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Boveiri Dehsheikh ◽  
Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani ◽  
Paria Boveiri Dehsheikh ◽  
Javad Mottaghipisheh ◽  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Main Components

Medicinal plants have a wide range of secondary metabolites including monoterpene. These volatile compounds are the main components of essential oils, belonging to the isoprenoid group and possessing valuable features for plants and humans. This review provides comprehensive information on chemical structures and classification of monoterpenes. It describes their biosynthesis pathways and introduces plant families and species rich in noteworthy monoterpenes. Bio-activities, pharmacological and pesticide effects as well as their mechanism of action are reported. Applications of these compounds in various industries are also included.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of the Five Novel Flavonoids from Genipa americana Leaves

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Silva ◽  
Jovelina Alves ◽  
Emerson da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Manoel de Souza Neto ◽  
Lucas Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
First Time

Genipa americana is a medicinal plant popularly known as “jenipapo”, which occurs in Brazil and belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is a species widely distributed in the tropical Central and South America, especially in the Cerrado biome. Their leaves and fruits are used as food and popularly in folk medicine to treat anemias, as an antidiarrheal, and anti-syphilitic. Iridoids are the main secondary metabolites described from G. americana, but few studies have been conducted with their leaves. In this study, the aim was to chemical approach for identify the main compounds present at the extract of G. americana leaves. The powdered leaves were extracted by maceration with EtOH: water (70:30, v/v), following liquid-liquid partition with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. A total of 13 compounds were identified. In addition three flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction: quercetin-3-O-robinoside (GAF 1), kaempferol-3-O-robinoside (GAF 2) and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinoside (GAF 3) and, from n-butanol fraction more two flavonoids were isolated, kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside (robinin) (GAF 4) and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinoside-7-rhamnoside (GAF 5). Chemical structures of these five flavonoids were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (MS, 1H and 13C-NMR 1D and 2D). These flavonoids glycosides were described for the first time in G. americana.

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Studies of Cannabis sativa Roots

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa A. Elhendawy ◽  
Amira S. Wanas ◽  
Mohamed M. Radwan ◽  
Nabil A. Azzaz ◽  
ElShahat S. Toson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Ic50 Value

The chemical study of Cannabis sativa roots led to the isolation and identification of 10 compounds. Their chemical structures were unambiguously established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as friedelan-3-one (1), epifriedelanol (2), β-sitosterol (3), ergost-5-en-3-ol (4), methyl hexadecanoate (5), pentadecanoic acid (6), 10E-hexadecenoic acid (7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (8), β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (9) and p-coumaroyltyramine (10). Compounds 5–9 were reported for the first time from C. sativa roots. All the isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity. Compound 4 showed modest activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with an IC50 value of 13.7 μg/mL, while compound 10 displayed potent activity against Escherichia coli with an IC50 value of 0.8 μg/mL. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the detection and quantification of p-coumaroyltyramine (10) in the extracts of different varieties of C. sativa roots.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Potential of Industrial Hemp Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Alice GRIGORE ◽  
◽  
Lucia PIRVU ◽  
Corina BUBUEANU ◽  
Ioana ȚABREA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Potential Antitumor

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a source of fibers, oil and valuable secondary metabolites. Regarding phenolic compounds, it has to be noted that the plant biosynthesizes molecules with various pharmacological benefits. The aim of this study was to prove the cytotoxic potential of hemp polar and non-polar fractions against two cancer cell lines (BT-20 and U87). The study revealed the potential antitumor activity of industrial hemp selective fractions but a correlation between polyphenols content and the cytotoxic effect could not be established.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi and Actinobacteria as Potential Sources of Novel Colorectal Cancer Drugs

Marine Drugs ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Elin Julianti ◽  
Ikram Ammar Abrian ◽  
Marlia Singgih Wibowo ◽  
Muhammad Azhari ◽  
Nadya Tsurayya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
The World ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world. Chemotheraphy is one of the most common methods used for the pharmacological treatment of this cancer patients. Nevertheless, the adverse effect of chemotherapy is not optimized for improving the quality of life of people who are older, who are the most vulnerable subpopulation. This review presents recent updates regarding secondary metabolites derived from marine fungi and actinobacteria as novel alternatives for cytotoxic agents against colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, HCT15, RKO, Caco-2, and SW480. The observed marine-derived fungi were from the species Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Neosartorya sp., Dichotomomyces sp., Paradendryphiella sp., and Westerdykella sp. Additionally, Streptomyces sp. and Nocardiopsis sp. are actinobacteria discussed in this study. Seventy one compounds reviewed in this study were grouped on the basis of their chemical structures. Indole alkaloids and diketopiperazines made up most compounds with higher potencies when compared with other groups. The potency of indole alkaloids and diketopiperazines was most probably due to halogen-based functional groups and sulfide groups, respectively.

scholarly journals General overview of medicinal plants: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
Refaz Ahmad Dar ◽  
◽  
Mohd Shahnawaz ◽  
Parvaiz Hassan Qazi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Disorders

Medicinal plants have been playing an essential role in the development of human culture. As a source of medicine, Medicinal plants have always been at forefront virtually all cultures of civilizations. Medicinal plants are regarded as rich resources of traditional medicines and from these plants many of the modern medicines are produced. For thousands of years medicinal plants have been used to treat health disorders, to add flavor and conserve food and to prevent diseases epidemics. The secondary metabolites produced by the plants are usually responsible for the biological characteristics of plant species used throughout the world. The microbial growth in diverse situations is controlled by plant derived products. In this review we gave general overview of the medicinal plants.

scholarly journals A review on secondary metabolites, pharmacological status and phytoremediation to treat water hyacinth

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2170
Author(s):  
Mohan J. ◽  
Mohan N. ◽  
Narendra Babu Shakya ◽  
Amit Pandey ◽  
Raghvendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
The World

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Water hyacinth), an oceanic lasting herb display All around the world, need a heap from claiming metabolites. Extracts, and additionally immaculate exacerbates disconnected starting with this plant, have been showed with have pharmacological exercises for example, such that phenolic Compounds, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Sterols, Glycosides, Flavonoid, Resins, Anthroquinone, Saponins, Tannins. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) could a chance to be usefully utilized will extricate supplements from sewage. It is likewise demonstrated advantageous in treating effluents dirtied for lethal overwhelming metals for example, Cd, Cu What's more Ni. Water hyacinth likewise indicated mitigating Activity, anticancer Activity, Anticorrosion Activity, cell reinforcement Activity, Wound recuperating Activity, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial action Larvicidal action. Therefore, this audit article will be an accumulation of the updated data viewing Phytoremediation, optional Metabolities, pharmacological status about water hyacinth.

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