Low-Cost On-Farm Indigenous and Innovative Technologies of Rainwater Harvesting

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
P. K. Singh ◽  
Rohitashw Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Using seed respiration as a tool for calculating optimal soaking times for ‘on-farm’ seed priming of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Javier Carrillo-Reche ◽  
Adrian C. Newton ◽  
Richard S. Quilliam
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Seed Respiration

Abstract A low-cost technique named ‘on-farm’ seed priming is increasingly being recognized as an effective approach to maximize crop establishment. It consists of anaerobically soaking seeds in water before sowing resulting in rapid and uniform germination, and enhanced seedling vigour. The extent of these benefits depends on the soaking time. The current determination of optimal soaking time by germination assays and mini-plot trials is resource-intensive, as it is species/genotype-specific. This study aimed to determine the potential of the seed respiration rate (an indicator of metabolic activity) and seed morphological changes during barley priming as predictors of the priming benefits and, thus, facilitate the determination of optimal soaking times. A series of germination tests revealed that the germination rate is mostly attributable to the rapid hydration of embryo tissues, as the highest gains in the germination rate occurred before the resumption of respiration. Germination uniformity, however, was not significantly improved until seeds were primed for at least 8 h, that is, after a first respiration burst was initiated. The maximum seedling vigour was attained when the priming was stopped just before the beginning of the differentiation of embryonic axes (20 h) after which vigour began to decrease (‘over-priming’). The onset of embryonic axis elongation was preceded by a second respiration burst, which can be used as a marker for priming optimization. Thus, monitoring of seed respiration provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to the current practice. The method could be carried out by agricultural institutions to provide recommended optimal soaking times for the common barley varieties within a specific region.

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

scholarly journals Value-chain analysis of freshwater apple snail (Pila globosa) used for on-farm feeds in the freshwater prawn farming sector in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAA Nahid ◽  
PJG Henriksson ◽  
MA Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Pila Globosa ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
On Farm

Growth of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) sector in Bangladesh since 1970s has been supported by natural availability of freshwater apple snail (Pila globosa), used for on-farm prawn feeds. The present study identified the current configuration of the value-chain benefits and constraints of freshwater apple snail in south-western Bangladesh in August 2011, based upon Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA) approach. The site of snail collection was Chanda Beel in Gopalganj district, while trading, processing and final consumption was represented by Rayer Mahal Bazar in Khulna district. There were seven different nodes recognized throughout the value chain. Snail marketing was identified as a seasonal business and took place during June to November each year. Between 1995 and 2011 the price of whole snail, meat and shell has increased by 800%, 325% and 315%, respectively. The abundance of snail had been reduced and its demand has increased due to the expansion of the prawn farming industry. Prawn farmers preferred snail meat due to its’ low cost (US$ 0.21 kg-1) as a source of protein compared to commercial prawn feed (US$ 0.41 kg-1). Snail harvesting and processing were considered as additional livelihood options for the poor, where 60% of the labour involved in snail harvesting were women, and 95% the de-shelling workforce. Induced breeding in captivity and sustainable management in nature as well as development of commercial production of apple snails might reduce the pressure on ecosystems and positively contributed to the continued expansion of freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17840 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 22-30, December, 2013

ON-FARM EVALUATION OF FERTILIZER BRIQUETTES AND LOW-COST DRIP IRRIGATION FOR SMALLHOLDER VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CAMBODIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bhattarai ◽  
M. C. Palada ◽  
D. J. Midmore ◽  
D. Wu ◽  
R. Salas
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
On Farm

Weed-Control Systems for Peanut Grown as a Biofuel Feedstock

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Christopher L. Main
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm

Peanuts are not often used as a true oilseed crop, especially for the production of fuel. However, peanut could be a feedstock for biodiesel, especially in on-farm or small cooperative businesses, where producers can dictate the cost of making their own fuel. Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to assess low-cost weed-control systems for peanuts that would facilitate the economic viability of peanut biodiesel. Four preselected herbicide costs ranging from $25 to $62/ha and two application timings were compared with nontreated ($0/ha) and typical ($115/ha) herbicide programs for weed control and peanut oil yield. A peanut oil yield goal of 930 L/ha was exceeded with multiple low-cost herbicide systems in 3 of 4 site–yr. The main effect of application timing was only significant for a single site–year in which oil yield increased linearly with cost of the PRE and POST weed-control system. An herbicide cost of $50/ha, using PRE and POST applications, was consistently among the highest in oil yield, regardless of site–year, exceeding the typical (high value) programs in 3 of 4 site–yr. Use of reduced rates of imazapic (0.5× or 0.035 kg ai/ha) was detrimental in 2 of 4 site–yr. Weed control, and thus oil yields, were most dependent on species present at each location and not on input price. Data from this series of studies will allow researchers and entrepreneurs to more accurately assess the viability and sustainability of peanut biodiesel.

scholarly journals 127 Dietary supplementation with glycine improves the post-weaning growth of low-birth-weight pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Wenliang He ◽  
Erin A Posey ◽  
Guoyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represent 20–25% of all pigs born and are culled on farm, resulting in enormous losses. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhanced the growth of IUGR pigs after weaning. Healthy pigs [14 IUGR pigs (birth weight = 0.98±0.03 kg, mean ± SEM) and 20 NBW pigs (birth weight = 1.44±0.02 kg, mean ± SEM)] were used for the trial. At weaning (21 d of age), pigs within each birth weight group were assigned randomly into corn- and soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 1% glycine plus 0.19% corn starch or 1.19% alanine (isonitrogenous control). There were 7 IUGR pigs and 10 NBW pigs per subgroup. Crude protein content in basal diets was 20% between d 21 and 64, 18% between d 65 and 108, and 16% between d 109 and 120 of age. During the 100-d period of feeding, feed intake per kg body weight did not differ (P > 0.05) between IUGR and NBW pigs or between control and glycine groups. Growth rates of NBW pigs supplemented with 1% glycine did not differ (P > 0.05) from those for NBW pigs without glycine supplementation. In contrast, growth rates of IUGR pigs supplemented with 1% glycine were 28%, 15%, and 10% greater (P > 0.05) than those for IUGR pigs without glycine supplementation during d 21–35, d 35–64, and d 65–120 of age, respectively. Growth rates of NBW pigs were greater (P > 0.05) than those for IUGR pigs without glycine supplementation during any experimental period. By d 120 of age, the body weight of IUGR pigs with glycine supplementation did not differ (P > 0.05) from that of NBW pigs. Collectively, our results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1% glycine (a low-cost supplement) beneficially improves their growth rate and economic returns. Supported by a USDA/NIFA grant.

Laboratory and on‐farm evaluation of low‐cost salt mixtures for use during salinity acclimation and the nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 3460-3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Galkanda‐Arachchige ◽  
Luke A. Roy ◽  
Sunni Dahl ◽  
Jesse James ◽  
Anita M. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Salinity Acclimation ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
On Farm

The improvement of crop yield in marginal environments using 'on-farm' seed priming: nodulation, nitrogen fixation and disease resisitance

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Harris ◽  
W. A. Breese ◽  
J. V. D. K. Kumar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
On Farm

On-farm seed priming with water is a low-cost, low-risk technology that is easily adopted by resource-poor farmers. It increases the yield of tropical and subtropical annual crops in marginal areas by a combination of better crop establishment and improved individual plant performance. The effects of seed priming, i.e. soaking seeds overnight in water before sowing, on plant growth and development are consequences of faster germination, emergence, and more vigorous early growth. Results from in-vitro, on-station and on-farm experiments are discussed. Recent work has tested opportunities for resource-poor farmers to use seed priming as a vehicle for applying biofertilisers (Rhizobia). Preliminary results from field experiments suggest that these interventions are very effective over and above the already demonstrated benefits of priming with water alone. In a pot experiment using chickpea, combining a Rhizobium inoculation with seed priming significantly increased nodulation but had little effect on yield. Nevertheless, the results confirmed that Rhizobium inoculation is compatible with on-farm seed priming. Observations in the field have shown that some primed crops show enhanced resistance to disease, either as a consequence of increased vigour, altered phenology, or due to some more fundamental mechanism associated with exposure of seeds to anaerobic conditions during priming. Priming seeds of a highly susceptible cultivar of pearl millet in water for 8 h before sowing significantly reduced the incidence of downy mildew in artificially infected seedlings from 80% to less than 60%.

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