Cell cycle genes and spermatogenesis in the sea star, Asterias vulgaris

Cancer cells are altered with cell cycle genes or they are mutated, leading to a high rate of proliferation compared to normal cells. Alteration in these genes leads to mitosis dysregulation and becomes the basis of tumor progression and resistance to many drugs. The drugs which act on the cell cycle fail to arrest the process, making cancer cell non-responsive to apoptosis or cell death. Vinca alkaloids and taxanes fall in this category and are referred to as antimitotic agents. Microtubule proteins play an important role in mitosis during cell division as a target site for vinca alkaloids and taxanes. These proteins are dynamic in nature and are composed of α-β-tubulin heterodimers. β-tubulin specially βΙΙΙ isotype is generally altered in expression within cancerous cells. Initially, these drugs were very effective in the treatment of cancer but failed to show their desired action after initial chemotherapy. The present review highlights some of the important targets and their mechanism of resistance offered by cancer cells with new promising drugs from natural sources that can lead to the development of a new approach to chemotherapy.

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Overexpression of β-Arrestins inhibits proliferation and motility in triple negative breast cancer cells

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-80974-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saber Yari Bostanabad ◽

Senem Noyan ◽

Bala Gur Dedeoglu ◽

Hakan Gurdal

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Cell Function ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Cell Cycle Genes

Abstractβ-Arrestins (βArrs) are intracellular signal regulating proteins. Their expression level varies in some cancers and they have a significant impact on cancer cell function. In general, the significance of βArrs in cancer research comes from studies examining GPCR signalling. Given the diversity of different GPCR signals in cancer cell regulation, contradictory results are inevitable regarding the role of βArrs. Our approach examines the direct influence of βArrs on cellular function and gene expression profiles by changing their expression levels in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Reducing expression of βArr1 or βArr2 tended to increase cell proliferation and invasion whereas increasing their expression levels inhibited them. The overexpression of βArrs caused cell cycle S-phase arrest and differential expression of cell cycle genes, CDC45, BUB1, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDKN2C and reduced HER3, IGF-1R, and Snail. Regarding to the clinical relevance of our results, low expression levels of βArr1 were inversely correlated with CDC45, BUB1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 genes compared to normal tissue samples while positively correlated with poorer prognosis in breast tumours. These results indicate that βArr1 and βArr2 are significantly involved in cell cycle and anticancer signalling pathways through their influence on cell cycle genes and HER3, IGF-1R, and Snail in TNBC cells.

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669 P21WAF1 Represses Cell Cycle Genes in K562 Cells Acting as a Transcriptional Modulator

European Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71314-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. S158

Author(s):

L. Garcia ◽

N. Ferrandiz ◽

J.M. Caraballo ◽

M.C. Lafita ◽

G. Bretones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

K562 Cells ◽

Cell Cycle Genes

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Protein kinase cascades in meiotic and mitotic cell cycle control

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o90-194 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 1297-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Steven L. Pelech ◽

Jasbinder S. Sanghera ◽

Maleki Daya-Makin

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Tyrosine Kinases ◽

Somatic Cells ◽

Protein Tyrosine Kinases ◽

Sea Star ◽

Protein Tyrosine ◽

Threonine Kinases ◽

Cell Division Control

Eukaryotic cell cycle progression during meiosis and mitosis is extensively regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. Many cell surface receptors for mitogens are ligand-stimulated protein-tyrosine kinases that control the activation of a network of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein-serine(threonine) kinases. Over 30 plasma membrane associated protein-tyrosine kinases are encoded by proto-oncogenes, i.e., genes that have the potential to facilitate cancer when disregulated. Proteins such as ribosomal protein S6, microtubule-associated protein-2, myelin basic protein, and casein have been used to detect intracellular protein-serine(threonine) kinases that are activated further downstream in growth factor signalling transduction cascades. Genetic analysis of yeast cell division control (cdc) mutants has revealed another 20 or so protein-serine(threonine) kinases. One of these, specified by the cdc-2 gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has homologs that are stimulated during M phase in maturing sea star and frog oocytes and mammalian somatic cells. Furthermore, during meiotic maturation in these echinoderm and amphibian oocytes, this is followed by activation of many of the same protein-serine(threonine) kinases that are stimulated when quiescent mammalian somatic cells are prompted with mitogens to traverse from G0 to G1 phase. These findings imply that a similar protein kinase cascade may oversee progression at multiple points in the cell cycle.Key words: protein kinases, mitosis, meiosis, oncogenes, cell division control.

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Role of Cell-Cycle Genes in the Regulation of Mammalian Meiosis

Germ Cell Development, Division, Disruption and Death ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-2206-4_6 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 49-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Debra J. Wolgemuth ◽

Valerie Besset ◽

Dong Liu ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Kunsoo Rhee

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Cycle Genes

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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Cell Cycle Genes in Birch

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010120 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Yijie Li ◽

Song Chen ◽

Yuhang Liu ◽

Haijiao Huang

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Cell Cycle Gene ◽

Expression Data ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Cell Cycles ◽

Cell Cycle Genes ◽

Genome Wide

Research Highlights: This study identified the cell cycle genes in birch that likely play important roles during the plant’s growth and development. This analysis provides a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of various cell cycles in Betula pendula Roth. Background and Objectives: The cell cycle factors not only influence cell cycles progression together, but also regulate accretion, division, and differentiation of cells, and then regulate growth and development of the plant. In this study, we identified the putative cell cycle genes in the B. pendula genome, based on the annotated cell cycle genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. It can be used as a basis for further functional research. Materials and Methods: RNA-seq technology was used to determine the transcription abundance of all cell cycle genes in xylem, roots, leaves, and floral tissues. Results: We identified 59 cell cycle gene models in the genome of B. pendula, with 17 highly expression genes among them. These genes were BpCDKA.1, BpCDKB1.1, BpCDKB2.1, BpCKS1.2, BpCYCB1.1, BpCYCB1.2, BpCYCB2.1, BpCYCD3.1, BpCYCD3.5, BpDEL1, BpDpa2, BpE2Fa, BpE2Fb, BpKRP1, BpKRP2, BpRb1, and BpWEE1. Conclusions: By combining phylogenetic analysis and tissue-specific expression data, we identified 17 core cell cycle genes in the Betulapendula genome.

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