Outcome Metrics

2017 ◽  
pp. 155-217
Author(s):  
William Tierney Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Metrics

Why is Corporate Virtue in the Eye of The Beholder? The Case of ESG Ratings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane M. Christensen ◽  
George Serafeim ◽  
Anywhere Sikochi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Price Movements ◽  
Outcome Metrics

Despite the rising use of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings, there is substantial disagreement across rating agencies regarding what rating to give to individual firms. As what drives this disagreement is unclear, we examine whether a firm's ESG disclosure helps explain some of this disagreement. We predict and find that greater ESG disclosure actually leads to greater ESG rating disagreement. These findings hold using firm fixed effects, and using a difference-in-differences design with mandatory ESG disclosure shocks. We also find that raters disagree more about ESG outcome metrics than input metrics (policies), and that disclosure appears to amplify disagreement more for outcomes. Lastly, we examine consequences of ESG disagreement and find that greater ESG disagreement is associated with higher return volatility, larger absolute price movements, and a lower likelihood of issuing external financing. Overall, our findings highlight that ESG disclosure generally exacerbates ESG rating disagreement rather than resolving it.

Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Treatment Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-882
Author(s):  
Michael H. Froehlich ◽  
Phong T. Le ◽  
Shaun A. Nguyen ◽  
Theodore R. McRackan ◽  
Habib G. Rizk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Outcome Metrics

Objective To examine the effectiveness of eustachian tube balloon dilation for the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction. Data Sources PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Review Methods A systematic review of eustachian tube balloon dilation for the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify randomized control trials and prospective and retrospective studies published prior to January 31, 2019. Meta-analysis of proportions evaluated 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ7) scores, tympanometry, otoscopy findings, and the ability to perform a Valsalva maneuver. Results The systematic review identified 35 studies. Twelve studies met inclusion for meta-analysis (448 patients). Mean ETDQ7 scores decreased by 2.13 from baseline to 6 weeks (95% CI, –3.02 to −1.24; P < .001). From baseline to 6 weeks, 53.0% of patients had improvement in tympanograms ( P < .001). At the long-term point (3-12 months), 50.5% of patients had improved tympanograms from baseline ( P < .001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of improved tympanograms at 6 weeks compared to long term ( P = .535). Normal otoscopy exams at baseline increased by 30.0% at 6 weeks ( P < .001) and 55.4% in the long term ( P < .001). There was a 67.8% increase in proportion of patients able to perform a Valsalva maneuver in the long term compared to baseline ( P < .001). Conclusion Eustachian tube balloon dilation appears to be associated with improvement in subjective and objective treatment outcome metrics. The improvement appears stable at 3 to 12 months after dilation. Patients with eustachian tube dysfunction are likely to benefit from balloon dilation, particularly those with medication-refractory disease.

scholarly journals Defining the value framework for prostate brachytherapy using patient-centered outcome metrics and time-driven activity-based costing

Brachytherapy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil G. Thaker ◽  
Thomas J. Pugh ◽  
Usama Mahmood ◽  
Seungtaek Choi ◽  
Tracy E. Spinks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Brachytherapy ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Outcome Metrics

Online Ratings and Reviews by Patients: Should Surgeons use Web-Based Feedback as an Outcome Metric?

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Bacon ◽  
Dermot O'Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Outcomes Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
Quality In Healthcare ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Outcome Metrics

Patient experience (as distinct from patient-reported outcome metrics, or PrOMs) is known to be an accurate and sensitive metric of patient safety and clinical effectiveness 'for a wide range of disease areas, settings, outcomes measures and study designs' and there is a clear case for it being considered 'one of the central pillars of quality in healthcare'.

scholarly journals Development of an individual-based model for polioviruses: implications of the selection of network type and outcome metrics

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. RAHMANDAD ◽  
K. HU ◽  
R. J. DUINTJER TEBBENS ◽  
K. M. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Outcome Metrics

SUMMARYWe developed an individual-based (IB) model to explore the stochastic attributes of state transitions, the heterogeneity of the individual interactions, and the impact of different network structure choices on the poliovirus transmission process in the context of understanding the dynamics of outbreaks. We used a previously published differential equation-based model to develop the IB model and inputs. To explore the impact of different types of networks, we implemented a total of 26 variations of six different network structures in the IB model. We found that the choice of network structure plays a critical role in the model estimates of cases and the dynamics of outbreaks. This study provides insights about the potential use of an IB model to support policy analyses related to managing the risks of polioviruses and shows the importance of assumptions about network structure.

scholarly journals Testing Social Media Water Conservation Messages that Convey Extension Evaluation Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Warner ◽  
Colby Silvert ◽  
Jamie Loizzo ◽  
Jarred Shellhouse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Message Frame ◽  
Extension Professionals ◽  
Media Message ◽  
Extension Evaluation ◽  
Outcome Metrics

In this study, we tested frames Extension professionals could use to promote residential water conservation through social media. We randomly assigned Florida residents to view one of six visual messages with water conservation facts or stories and then measured willingness to engage with education programs and conservation behaviors. There were clear differences in message frame performance, but better performance was highly dependent on outcome metrics used. Therefore, we were unable to identify a preferred frame. These findings need to be further examined in an authentic social media environment to inform best practices in social media message framing for Extension professionals.

scholarly journals Adaptive Learning in Psychology: Wayfinding in the Digital Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dziuban ◽  
Patsy Moskal ◽  
Jeffrey Cassisi ◽  
Alexis Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Seamless Transition ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Psychology Course ◽  
Outcome Metrics

This paper presents the results of a pilot study investigating the use of the Realizeit adaptive learning platform to deliver a fully online General Psychology course across two semesters. Through mutual cooperation, UCF and vendor (CCKF) researchers examined students’ affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions to the system. Student survey results indicated that students found the system easy to use and were generally positive about their seamless transition to adaptive learning. While the majority of students were successful, learning outcome metrics utilizing Realizeit indices indicated a potential for early prediction of students who are likely to be at risk in this environment. Recommendations are presented for the benefits of cooperative research between users and vendors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document