scholarly journals Development of an individual-based model for polioviruses: implications of the selection of network type and outcome metrics

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. RAHMANDAD ◽  
K. HU ◽  
R. J. DUINTJER TEBBENS ◽  
K. M. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Outcome Metrics

SUMMARYWe developed an individual-based (IB) model to explore the stochastic attributes of state transitions, the heterogeneity of the individual interactions, and the impact of different network structure choices on the poliovirus transmission process in the context of understanding the dynamics of outbreaks. We used a previously published differential equation-based model to develop the IB model and inputs. To explore the impact of different types of networks, we implemented a total of 26 variations of six different network structures in the IB model. We found that the choice of network structure plays a critical role in the model estimates of cases and the dynamics of outbreaks. This study provides insights about the potential use of an IB model to support policy analyses related to managing the risks of polioviruses and shows the importance of assumptions about network structure.

scholarly journals Paracrine interactions between epithelial cells promote colon cancer growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Jacquemin ◽  
Annabelle Wurmser ◽  
Mathilde Huyghe ◽  
Wenjie Sun ◽  
Meghan Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Tumour Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTumours are complex ecosystems composed of different types of cells that communicate and influence each other. While the critical role of stromal cells in affecting tumour growth is well established, the impact of mutant cancer cells on healthy surrounding tissues remains poorly defined. Here, we uncovered a paracrine mechanism by which intestinal cancer cells reactivate foetal and regenerative Yap-associated transcriptional programs in neighbouring wildtype epithelial cells, rendering them adapted to thrive in the tumour context. We identified the glycoprotein Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as the essential factor that mediates non-cell autonomous morphological and transcriptional responses. Importantly, Thbs1 is associated with bad prognosis in several human cancers. This study reveals the Thbs1-YAP axis as the mechanistic link mediating paracrine interactions between epithelial cells, promoting tumour formation and progression.

Textile Performance Properties of Cotton Fabric Treated with Selected Flame-Retarding Finishes

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Rowland ◽  
John S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Selection Of

Seven different types of flame-retarding finishes were applied to light-to-medium weight cotton fabric at add-ons appropriate to pass the DOC FF 3–71 test. The finishes studied were based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), neutralized THPC (THPOH), Fyrol 76, and Pyrovatex CP. The specific finishes were: THPOH-NH3, THPOH-urea-trimethylolmelamine, Proban (THPC-urea precondensate)-NH3, THPC-urea-disodium hydrogen phosphate, Fyrol 76, Fyrol 76-N-methylolacrylamide, and Pyrovatex CP-methylolmelamine. Textile performance properties are reported as a function of add-on of each type of finish; strengths and abrasion resistance of the finished fabrics are considered and discussed as a function of resilience. General trends of decreasing strength and abrasion resistance with increasing resilience were observed for these flame-retardant fabrics. Within this trend there is latitude for selection of finishes that will provide superior performance in the individual textile property such as abrasion resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength.

scholarly journals Localization of Vehicle Back-Up Alarms by Users of Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors under Industrial Noise Conditions Generated at a Forge

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Mlynski ◽  
Emil Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Information ◽  
Danger Signal ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Alarm Signal ◽  
Hearing Protectors ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The use of hearing protectors in various noisy workplaces is often necessary. For safety reasons, auditory information may be required to correctly localize the direction of an auditory danger signal. The purpose of this study was to verify if the selection of a specific level-dependent hearing protector may be important for the ability to localize a vehicle back-up alarm signal. The laboratory conditions reflected industrial conditions, under which an impulse noise was emitted against a background of continuous noise. A passive mode and a level-dependent mode (maximum and incomplete amplification) were considered. Four different models of level-dependent earmuffs and one model of level-dependent earplugs were included in the tests. The tests enabled differentiation between the individual hearing protectors. The use of earplugs in level-dependent mode did not significantly affect the ability to correctly localize the back-up alarm signal. For the earmuffs, the global assessment of the impact of a mode change revealed that, depending on the model of the earmuffs, the impact may be insignificant, but may also result in considerable impairment of the ability to localize the back-up alarm signal.

Numerical Modeling and Experimental Research of the Perforation Phenomenon of Certain Materials Used for Individual Protection by Bullets

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Florin Ilie ◽  
Nicolae Moro
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Ballistic Protection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper captures two aspects related to the phenomenon of impact between bullets and different types of materials used for the individual protection of the militaries, for the same type of ammunition and for the same configuration of the ballistic protection system, both in the case of the activity of experimental shooting range testing, as well as in the case of the modeling and simulation of the impact between the bullet and the protection materials.

scholarly journals The standalone and resource-bundling effects of government and nongovernment institutional support on early internationalizing firms’ performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisur R. Faroque ◽  
Hafiza Sultana ◽  
Jashim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Farhad Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mahabubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to analyze the individual and joint effects of institutional support by government and nongovernment institutions on early internationalizing firms’ (EIFs) performance. It also investigated the moderating impact of firm age and size on the institutional support-firms’ export performance relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 705 EIFs in the apparel industry of Bangladesh and analyzed with hierarchical regression. Findings The positive influence of institutional support on exporting firms’ financial performance is stronger for the joint effect of government and nongovernment assistance than the individual impact. Firms’ size positively moderates the impact of individual government and nongovernment assistance, while age positively moderates their resource-bundling effect. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest the necessity of integrating resources from diverse but complementary sources of institutional support for superior export performance. The findings also show the presence of the liability of smallness and liability of newness in the standalone and joint influence of institutional support, respectively. Practical implications Firms need to bundle resources obtained from the government (unrequited) and nongovernment (reciprocal) institutional support to overcome the liability of smallness they might encounter while availing of support from only one source. Originality/value Distinguishing between government and nongovernment institutional support, this paper sheds light on exporting firms’ resource-bundling mechanism for these two sources of support in the backdrop of an emerging economy. It also offers fresh insights into the critical role of the liabilities of newness and smallness in early internationalization, especially with regard to the home-country institutional environment.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION AND DEFECTS OF DIFFERENT GLASSES WITH POTENTIAL USE FOR GAS HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Andrei RĂȚOI ◽  
Corneliu MUNTEANU ◽  
Bogdan ISTRATE ◽  
Dan ELIEZER
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

The article reviews the research findings available on different types of glasses that presents potential use for high pressure gas hydrogen storage systems. An overview of the mechanical properties of different glasses, the influence of main constituents and the impact of defects to the strength of glass was presented. As part of this research, it can be concluded that the glass gets a significant improvement of tensile strength by reducing its dimensions to fibre sizes or capillaries due to reduced probability of defects presence.

scholarly journals Species Diversity of Oak Stands and Its Significance for Drought Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kotlarz ◽  
Sylwia Nasiłowska ◽  
Karol Rotchimmel ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pca Algorithm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Remote Sensing Indices

Drought periods have an adverse impact on the condition of oak stands. Research on different types of ecosystems has confirmed a correlation between plant species diversity and the adverse effects of droughts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes which occurred in an oak stand (Krotoszyn Plateau, Poland) under the impact of the summer drought in 2015. We used a method based on remote sensing indices from satellite images in order to detect changes in the vegetation in 2014 and 2015. A positive difference was interpreted as an improvement, whereas a negative one was treated as a deterioration of the stand condition. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity was estimated using an iterative PCA algorithm based on aerial images. We observed a relationship between the species indices of the individual forest divisions and their response to drought. The highest correlation between the index differences and the Shannon-Wiener indices was found for the GNDVI index (+0.74). In addition, correlations were observed between the mean index difference and the percentage shares in the forest divisions of species such as Pinus sylvestris (+0.67 ± 0.08) and Quercus robur (-0.65 ± 0.10). Our results lead us to infer that forest management based on highly diverse habitats is more suitable to meet the challenges in the context of global climatic changes, characterized by increasingly frequent droughts.

scholarly journals Amplitude Modulated Noise for Tinnitus Suppression in Tonal and Noise-Like Tinnitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schoisswohl ◽  
Johannes Arnds ◽  
Martin Schecklmann ◽  
Berthold Langguth ◽  
Winfried Schlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Residual Inhibition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: The phenomenon of short-term tinnitus suppression by different forms of acoustic stimulation is referred to as residual inhibition (RI). RI can be triggered in the majority of tinnitus cases and was found to be depending on the used intensity, length or types of sounds. Past research already stressed the impact of noise stimulation as well as the superiority of amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency for RI in tonal tinnitus. Recently a novel approach for the determination of noise-like tinnitus characteristics was proposed. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in participants with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range. Methods: For this purpose the individual tinnitus characteristics (noise-like and tonal tinnitus) of 29 people affected by tinnitus (mean age = 55.59, 7 females, mean tinnitus duration = 159.97 months) were assessed via customizable noise-band matching. The objective was to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered [IBP] sounds). Subsequently, various stimuli differing in bandpass filtering and AM were tested with respect to their potential to induce RI. Participants were acoustically stimulated with 7 different types of stimuli for 3 min each and had to rate the loudness of their tinnitus after each stimuli. Results: Results indicate a general efficacy of noise stimuli for the temporary suppression of tinnitus, but no significant differences between AM and unmodulated IBP. Significantly better effects were observed for the subgroup with noise-like tinnitus (n = 14), especially directly after stimulation offset. Conclusions: The study at hand provides further insights in potential mechanisms behind RI for different types of tinnitus. Beyond that, derived principles may qualify for new or extend current tinnitus sound therapies.

Comparing the influence of visualization type in an electrochemistry laboratory on the student discourse: who do they talk to and what do they say?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vichuda Hunter ◽  
Ian Hawkins ◽  
Amy J. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Student Discourse ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Peer Discussion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Large Investment

A laboratory is a large investment of time and money for departments of chemistry yet discussions continue about its purpose in the educational process. Helping students navigate the three levels of representation; macroscopic, particulate and symbolic is a potential use of this time. This study looked at two different types of visualization for an electrochemistry laboratory in second semester general chemistry and the impact that the visualization type had on the student discourse. Macroscopic visualization (MV) was accomplished through a traditional hands-on laboratory and particulate visualization (PV) was achieved using a computer simulation featuring animated electrons and ions. The type of visualization impacted how much the students talked, who they talked to, and what they talked about. The MV students engaged in less peer-to-peer discussion than the PV students. The MV students expressed more excitement about their observations and were more focused on getting the data quickly. The MV spent most of their time physically doing the laboratory work while spending little time discussing the concepts. The PV students spent more time talking about concepts with their peers especially at the particulate level even answering macroscopic questions with particulate explanations. The type of visualization influenced all aspects of the student discourse.

scholarly journals Pteridophytes as ecological indicators: an overview

Hoehnea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Possamai Della ◽  
Daniel de Barcellos Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
The Real ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The pteridophytes present a great but poorly explored potential as ecological indicators (EIs), shown only in some sparse studies. Therefore, to analyze this potential, we reviewed published articles, websites, or books with pteridophytes as EIs, searching on five scholar databases and also on Google. We selected 134 studies, conducted in all continents (118 in mainland areas and 16 in islands). Brazil is the country with the highest number of studies (N = 33). In general, several species were considered as EIs in a given study, not only a single. The use of Pteridophytes in these works was classified in seven different types: a) classification of vegetation, soils, environments, and ecosystems (N = 65), b) environmental integrity (or quality) (N = 21), c) disturbance (N = 17), d) regeneration/restoration of habitats and/or ecosystems (N = 10), e) climate changes (N = 10), f) contamination of air, soil, or water (N = 14), and g) association with other groups of organisms (N = 12). The vast majority of these studies merely hypothesized the potential use of the Pteridophytes as EIs, with few presenting helpful criteria for the selection of EIs. Although there is an increasing recognition of the potential use of Pteridophytes as EIs, a more in-depth discussion about the criteria for selecting Pteridophytes as indicators and the real uses of such plants is needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document