Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Hemodialysis Patients With Normal Weight Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2006-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Yun Lin ◽  
Ping-Hsun Wu ◽  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Szu-Chun Hung
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined by a normal body mass index (BMI) but increased body fat percentage (BF%), is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. NWO is characterized by inflammation and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and may play important roles in the development of NWO in CKD. Methods In this case-control study, we examined the gut microbial diversity and taxonomy in 96 hemodialysis patients with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF% ≤ 25% for men or ≤ 35% for women; n = 32), NWO (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF% > 25% for men or > 35% for women; n = 32), and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; n = 32), matched for age, gender, and diabetes. BF% was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results We found that α-diversity was significantly different among the 3 adiposity phenotypes, with NWO being the least diverse. α-diversity was positively correlated with BMI, subjective global assessment score, and physical activity, but negatively correlated with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Patients with or without NWO were distinguished with respect to principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus, was markedly reduced in patients with NWO. Conclusion Our findings support associations between gut dysbiosis and a proinflammatory and catabolic state in hemodialysis patients with NWO.

Association of subjective global assessment of nutritional status with gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Yun Lin ◽  
Szu-Chun Hung
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Background Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the pathogenesis of PEW in CKD patients has not been fully identified. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between nutritional status and the composition of the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients. Methods Gut microbial diversity and taxonomy were examined in 88 hemodialysis patients with PEW (n = 22) and normal nutritional status (n = 66) who were matched 1:3 for age and sex. Nutritional status was assessed by using the 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) score (1–3 = severe PEW; 4–5 = moderate PEW and 6–7 = normal nutrition). The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results Patients with normal nutritional status had a significantly higher body mass index and physical activity and serum albumin levels, but significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines than patients with PEW. The most striking finding was that the α-diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower in patients with PEW. In a multivariate analysis, the SGA score was independently and positively associated with α-diversity (P = 0.049). Patients with or without PEW were different with respect to the principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacteria, was markedly reduced in patients with PEW. Conclusion In hemodialysis patients, PEW assessed with the SGA was associated with gut dysbiosis.

Expanded normal weight obesity and blood pressure in Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijing He ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Jingang Ma ◽  
Zhiping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

The study aimed to explore the independent association between expanded normal weight obesity categories and blood pressure among adults aged 20–80 years in China. By cross-sectional design, a total of 4279 adults living in Shaanxi Province, China, were selected from communities via multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in 2014. Information on anthropometric, body composition and blood pressure was collected and analysed. Expanded normal weight obesity (ENWO) categories were used to identify the level of bodyweight based on the combination of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) categories. The age- and sex-standardised prevalence of hypertension increased within ENWO groups, from 10.12% in the underweight-low body fat group to 45.92% in the obesity-high body fat group. In under or normal weight participants, body fat percentage was found independently associated with hypertension in men, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.69 in the fourth quartile of BFP compared with the first one. However, this effect was not observed in women. BFP was independently associated with increased risk of hypertension, especially in men. People with normal BMI should be re-identified as a high-risk population based on BFP level when it comes to hypertension prevention in primary healthcare settings.

Normal weight obesity among young adults in Trinidad and Tobago: prevalence and associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrita Ramsaran ◽  
Rohan G. Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

Abstract Background: Patients with normal weight obesity (NWO) have a normal body mass index (BMI) but elevated body fat percentage (BF%), thereby increasing their risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of NWO and its associated factors in a sample of young adults in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Methods: A cross sectional study involving a convenience non-voluntary sample of participants with a normal BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 was conducted. The following information was collected: history, basic anthropometric measurements, including BF% via the Tanita Ironman Body Composition Analyzer (BC554), physical examination and basic blood investigations. Participants were divided into two groups; normal BF% (<23.1% males, <33.3% females) and elevated BF% (≥23.1% males, ≥33.3% females). Results: Two hundred and thirty-six students participated, F:M (2.1:1), aged 18–28 years [Mean 21.33 (SD 2.5)], mean BMI 21.66 (SD 1.9). A response rate of 80.3%. The prevalence of NWO for this population was 19.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1–25.7]. Males 14.4% (95% CI 10.3–19.7) and females 5.5% (95% CI 3.1–9.5). Variables with a statistically significant association with NWO included gender, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (BP), the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to high density lipoprotein and in females, the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed that predictors of NWO were male gender and waist circumference. Conclusions: One in five of this young adult population was found to have NWO. Long-term studies are recommended to study the full implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition: results from the Milieu Intérieur cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1472-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Partula ◽  
Stanislas Mondot ◽  
Marion J Torres ◽  
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽  
Mélanie Deschasaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Usual Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Diet is widely recognized as one of the main modifiable drivers of gut microbiota variability, and its influence on microbiota composition is an active area of investigation. Objective The present work aimed to explore the associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition in a large sample of healthy French adults. Methods Gut microbiota composition was established through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in stool samples from 862 healthy French adults of the Milieu Intérieur study. Usual dietary consumptions were determined through the administration of a food-frequency questionnaire. The associations between dietary variables and α- and β-diversity indexes and relative taxa abundances were tested using Spearman correlations, permutational ANOVAs, and multivariate analyses with linear models, respectively. Results Foods generally considered as healthy (raw fruits, fish) were positively associated with α-diversity, whereas food items for which a limited consumption is generally recommended (fried products, sodas or sugary drinks, fatty sweet products, processed meats, ready-cooked meals, and desserts) were negatively associated with α-diversity. Fruits, fried products, ready-cooked meals, and cheese contributed to shifts within microbiota composition (β-diversity). Our results also highlighted a number of associations between various food group intakes and abundances of specific phyla, genera, and species. For instance, the consumption of cheese was negatively associated with Akkermansia muciniphila abundance. Conclusions This large-scale population-based study supports that the usual consumption of certain food items is associated with several gut microbial features, and extends the mechanistic arguments linking Western diet to an altered microbiota composition. These results provide new insights into the understanding of complex diet–gut microbiota relations, and their implications for host health deserve further investigation because altered microbiota diversity was consistently linked to increased risk of several health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01699893.

scholarly journals Normal weight obesity and the risk of diabetes in Chinese people: a 9-year population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyong Xu ◽  
Jie Ming ◽  
Aihua Jia ◽  
Xinwen Yu ◽  
Jing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

AbstractWe evaluated the risk of developing diabetes in Chinese individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO). This 9-year population-based cohort study was based on the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey. A total of 1128 subjects without diabetes were included. Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed by electrical bioimpedance. NWO was defined as subjects with a normal BMI (< 24 kg/m2) and an excess BF% (≥ 24% in men; ≥ 33% in women). Of 1128 individuals, 528 individuals were normal weight non-obese (NWNO), 118 (10.5%) were normal weight obese (NWO), 63 were overweight non-obese (OWNO), and 419 were overweight obese (OWO). During a follow-up of 9.0 years (interquartile range: 8.9–9.3), 113 (10.0%) individuals developed diabetes. The incidence rates of diabetes in NWNO, NWO, OWNO and OWO people were 5.69 (27 cases), 11.30 (12 cases), 3.53 (2 cases) and 19.09 (72 cases) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Cox regression analyses indicated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes in NWO, OWNO and OWO people were 2.110 (95% CI 1.026–4.337, p = 0.025), 0.441 (95% CI 0.101–1.928, p = 0.232) and 3.465 (95% CI 2.163–5.551, p < 0.001), respectively, relative to NWNO people. Chinese people with NWO are at increased risk of developing diabetes. We strongly suggest the incorporation of BF% measurement into the regular physical examination in Chinese medical practice.

Abstract P528: Normal Weight Metabolic Obesity and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: The Million Veteran Program

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Schubert ◽  
Yuk-lam Ho ◽  
David R Gagnon ◽  
Kelly Cho ◽  
Peter W Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Obesity and metabolic dysfunction, individually, are known risk factors of stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), and mortality. However, few studies have examined the long-term risk for CAD among non-obese people with metabolic dysfunction, and no studies have been conducted for Veterans of the United States. Hypothesis: Veterans who are metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) at baseline have an increased risk of developing CAD compared to metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) veterans enrolled in the Million Veteran Program (MVP). Methods: We included MVP participants who had a stable normal body mass index (18.5-25kg/m 2 ) five years prior to enrollment. Metabolic obesity was defined as having three or more of the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria [diabetes, hypertension, low HDL-C (≤40 mg/dl for men, ≤50 mg/dl for women), and high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl)] at enrollment. CAD was defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease or angina pectoris. Participants with prevalent CAD, major cancers and incomplete lifestyle information were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CAD incidence. In secondary analyses, we stratified by sex and race to evaluate possible effect modification. Results: Of the 16,764 people identified as normal weight with complete data, 15% were MONW, 84.5% were male, 84.4% were White and the mean age was 63.1 ± 14.2. Over a median follow up of 3.6 (IQR 1.8-5.2) years, there were 847 incident CAD events observed. MONW individuals had a 64% (95% CI: 40 -91%) higher risk of CAD compared to normal weight individuals, controlling for age, race, sex, education, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol use and diet. In secondary analyses, we observed a nominally higher risk among women who were MONW [HR (95% CI): 2.74 (1.30-5.77) for women vs. 1.60 (1.37-1.88) for men], however the interaction of MONW and sex was not statistically significant (interaction p=0.19). Similarly, the interaction of MONW and race was not statistically significant [1.62 (1.37-1.92) for White, 1.55 (0.97-2.48) for Black, and 2.26 (1.03-4.95) for other, interaction p=0.83)]. Conclusions: MONW Veterans had a higher risk of CAD compared to MHNW Veterans. This risk was magnified in female Veterans and attenuated in White and Black Veterans compared to other races (Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, other). These findings will need to be validated in future studies.

Ongoing Supplementation of Probiotics to Cesarean-Born Neonates during the First Month of Life may Impact the Gut Microbial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Yang ◽  
Liang Tian ◽  
Jiao Luo ◽  
Jialin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
And Function

Objective The delivery mode is considered to be a significant influencing factor in the early gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the long-term health of the host. In this study, we tried to explore the effects of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of C-section neonates. Study Design Twenty-six Chinese neonates were enrolled in this study. The neonates were divided into four groups: VD (natural delivery neonates, n = 3), CD (cesarean-born neonates, n = 9), CDL (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a lower dosage, n = 7), and CDH (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a higher dosage, n = 7). Fecal samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day since birth. The V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology. Results The α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota of cesarean delivery neonates was significantly lower than that of the naturally delivered neonates on the 28th day (p = 0.005). After supplementation with probiotics for 28 days, the α-diversity and the β-diversity of the gut flora in the cesarean-born infants (CDL28 and CDH28) was similar to that in the vaginally delivery infants. Meanwhile, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased since the 3rd day of probiotic supplementation. Besides, the sustained supplementation of probiotics to neonates would help improve the abundance of the operational taxonomic units in several different Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins. Conclusion This study showed that probiotics supplementation to cesarean-born neonates since birth might impact the diversity and function of gut microbiota. Key Points

scholarly journals Body Fat Percentage in Relation to Lung Function in Individuals with Normal Weight Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuei Chen ◽  
Tung-Wei Kao ◽  
Wen-Hui Fang ◽  
Chung-Ching Wang ◽  
Yaw-Wen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

scholarly journals Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Increased Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Katherine González-Ruíz ◽  
David Rincón-Pabón ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between NWO and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population of Colombian young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1354 subjects (61% women), aged from 18 to 30. Anthropometric data, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), were estimated, and the percentage of fat mass was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). A cardiometabolic risk Z-score was derived by assessing WC, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure. NWO was defined by the combination of excess %BF (over 25.5% for men and 38.9% for women) and a BMI < 25 kg/m2. The overall prevalence of NWO was 29.1%. Subjects with NWO have an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk compared to the normal-weight lean group (OR = 3.10). Moreover, NWO was associated with an increased risk of presenting low HDL-C (OR = 2.34), high abdominal obesity (OR = 7.27), and low NGS (OR = 3.30), p < 0.001. There is a high prevalence of NWO in American Latin young adults and this condition is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, high blood pressure, low HDL-C, high abdominal obesity, and low muscular strength early in life. Screening for adiposity in subjects with a normal BMI could help to identify young adults at a high risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals A game theory model for gut bacterial nutrient utilization strategies during human infancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1931) ◽  
pp. 20200824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Leena Angell ◽  
Knut Rudi
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Expanding Population

Despite the fact that infant gut colonization patterns have been extensively studied, we have limited knowledge about the underlying ecological processes. This particularly relates to the ecological choice of nutrient utilization strategies. The aim of the current study was therefore to compare empirically determined nutrient utilization strategies with that expected from a combinatorial game theory model. Observational analyses for 100 mother–child pairs suggested mother–child transmission of specialists with the potential to use few nutrients. Generalists, on the other hand, with the potential to use many nutrients, peaked at three months of age for the children. The level of generalists was gradually replaced with specialists up to 12 months of age. Game theory simulation revealed a competitive advantage of generalists in an expanding population, while more specialized bacteria were favoured with the maturation of the population. This suggests that the observed increase in generalists in the three-month-old children could be due to an immature, expanding gut microbiota population while the increase of specialists at 12 months could be due to population maturation. The simulated and empirical data also correspond with respect to an increased α diversity and a decreased β diversity with the number of simulations and age, respectively. Taken together, game theory simulation of nutrient utilization strategies can therefore provide novel insight into the maturation of the human gut microbiota during infancy.

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