scholarly journals Evidence for Accelerated Biological Aging in Young Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2053-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephany H Donze ◽  
Veryan Codd ◽  
Layla Damen ◽  
Wesley J Goedegebuure ◽  
Matthew Denniff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) are at increased risk of developing age-associated diseases early in life and, like in premature aging syndromes, aging might be accelerated. We investigated leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biological age, in young adults with PWS and compared LTL to healthy young adults of similar age. As all young adults with PWS were treated with growth hormone (GH), we also compared LTL in PWS subjects to GH-treated young adults born short for gestational age (SGA). Design Cross-sectional study in age-matched young adults; 47 with PWS, 135 healthy, and 75 born SGA. Measurements LTL measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, expressed as telomere/single copy gene ratio. Results Median (interquartile range) LTL was 2.6 (2.4–2.8) at a median (interquartile range) age of 19.2 (17.7–21.3) years in PWS, 3.1 (2.9–3.5) in healthy young adults and 3.1 (2.8–3.4) in the SGA group. Median LTL in PWS was significantly lower compared to both control groups (P < .01). In PWS, a lower LTL tended to be associated with a lower total IQ (r = 0.35, P = .08). There was no association between LTL and duration of GH treatment, cumulative GH dose, or several risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Young adults with PWS have significantly shorter median LTL compared to age-matched healthy young adults and GH-treated young adults born SGA. The shorter telomeres might play a role in the premature aging in PWS, independent of GH. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the influence of LTL on aging in PWS.

Family Type Predicts Mental Health Problems in Young Adults: A Survey of Students at a University in Botswana

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Amone-P'Olak ◽  
Boniface Kealeboga Ramotuana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intact Family ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Family Types

In Africa, the structure of the family is changing rapidly. The effects of this change on mental health remain unknown. This study investigated the extent to which different family types (intact, single-mother, and multiple) predict mental health problems in young adults in Botswana (N = 264, mean age = 21.31, SD = 2.40). In a cross-sectional design, the study sampled students registered at various faculties at the University of Botswana. The revised symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess symptoms of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and hostility). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health problems for mother-only and multiple family types relative to the intact family type. Compared to the intact family type, single-mother (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.51) and multiple family types (OR = 1.56; CI: 0.88, 2.78) were associated with an increased risk of depression. For anxiety, the ORs were 2.27 (CI: 1.18, 4.38) and 1.10 (CI: 0.56, 1.82) for single-mother and multiple family types respectively. For hostility, the ORs were 2.60 (CI: 1.34, 5.04), and 0.79 (CI: 0.44, 1.42) for single-mother and multiple family types, respectively. Family types predict mental health problems in young adults and therefore the interventions to mitigate the effects should consider family backgrounds and the ramifications of family types for treatment and care.

scholarly journals Grip strength among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian adults: a longitudinal study of the effects of birth size and current size

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e024749
Author(s):  
Timothy Howarth ◽  
Belinda Davison ◽  
Gurmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Grip

ObjectivesIndigenous Australians are born smaller than non-Indigenous Australians and are at an increased risk of early onset of frailty. This study aimed to identify the relationship between birth size, current size and grip strength, as an early marker of frailty, in Indigenous and non-Indigenous young adults.DesignCross sectional data from two longitudinal studies: Aboriginal birth cohort (Indigenous) and top end cohort (non-Indigenous).SettingParticipants reside in over 40 urban and remote communities across the Northern Territory, Australia.ParticipantsYoung adults with median age 25 years (IQR 24–26); 427 participants (55% women), 267 (63%) were remote Indigenous, 55 (13%) urban Indigenous and 105 (25%) urban non-Indigenous.Outcome measuresReliable birth data were available. Anthropometric data (height, weight, lean mass) and grip strength were directly collected using standardised methods. Current residence was classified as urban or remote.ResultsThe rate of low birthweight (LBW) in the non-Indigenous cohort (9%) was significantly lower than the Indigenous cohort (16%) (−7%, 95% CI −14 to 0, p=0.03). Indigenous participants had lower grip strength than non-Indigenous (women, −2.08, 95% CI −3.61 to –0.55, p=0.008 and men, −6.2, 95% CI −9.84 to –2.46, p=0.001). Birth weight (BW) was associated with grip strength after adjusting for demographic factors for both women (β=1.29, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.16, p=0.004) and men (β=3.95, 95% CI 2.38 to 5.51, p<0.001). When current size (lean mass and body mass index [BMI]) was introduced to the model BW was no longer a significant factor. Lean mass was a positive indicator for grip strength, and BMI a negative indicator.ConclusionsAs expected women had significantly lower grip strength than men. Current size, in particular lean mass, was the strongest predictor of adult grip strength in this cohort. BW may have an indirect effect on later grip strength via moderation of lean mass development, especially through adolescence and young adulthood.

Psychological distress and circulating inflammatory markers in healthy young adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2079-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goldman-Mellor ◽  
L. Brydon ◽  
A. Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundAlthough a substantial body of research points to a link between psychological distress and inflammatory responses in middle-aged and older adults, particularly those with cardiovascular disease, the relationship between inflammation and distress in young, healthy individuals has not been established. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional association between psychological distress and inflammatory proteins in a young, healthy representative population of English adults.MethodParticipants were 1338 individuals aged 16–34 years from the 2006 Health Survey for England (HSE). Blood samples to measure plasma fibrinogen and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as well as measures of psychological distress (using the General Health Questionnaire 12-item scale, GHQ-12) and covariates, were collected during home visits. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between psychological distress and fibrinogen and hsCRP.ResultsHigher self-rated distress was positively associated with fibrinogen level in this young population, independently of age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, smoking, and alcohol and medication use (β=0.024, p<0.01). Psychological distress was not related to hsCRP.ConclusionsPsychological distress may negatively impact inflammatory processes in young adulthood before the onset of chronic health problems such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the relationship between distress and inflammation in young adults and its significance for later disease states.

Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Montagni ◽  
Elie Guichard ◽  
Claire Carpenet ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Tobias Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether excessive screen time exposure is associated with non-migraine headache and migraine in young adults. Background Increased levels of television time have been associated with increased risk of headache. However, time spent using newer electronic devices with a screen (smartphone, tablet) has not been examined yet. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4927 participants of the French i-Share cohort. Demographic characteristics, screen time exposure (computers, tablets, smartphones and television) as well as headache/migraine symptoms were recorded in a standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between screen time exposure and headache status. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. The multivariable model showed that students in the highest screen time exposure quintile had an increased risk for migraine. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.37 (1.14 to 1.66) for migraine when compared with students without headache and with low screen time exposure. This association was somewhat stronger for migraine without aura (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.89). We found no significant association between screen time exposure and non-migraine headache. Conclusion High levels of screen time exposure are associated with migraine in young adults. No significant association was found with non-migraine headache.

scholarly journals P0225THE PRESENCE OF SIMPLE RENAL CYST IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF ALBUMINURIA IN YOUNG ADULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Jin Boo ◽  
SEUNGMIN SONG ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
Hye Ryoun Jang ◽  
Wooseong Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Renal Cyst ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Simple Renal Cyst ◽  
Medullary Sponge Kidney ◽  
Simple Cyst ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Checkup ◽  
Single Cyst ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background and Aims It is well-known that the prevalence of simple renal cyst increases with age. However, simple cysts are occasionally found in adults younger than 40 years of age. This cross-sectional study evaluated the clinical significance of simple renal cysts in young adults, focusing on the associations with hematuria and albuminuria. Method Adults younger than 40 years who received a comprehensive medical checkup from January 2005 to December 2013 were included. Simple renal cysts were identified by ultrasonography. Results Among 5832 subjects, renal cysts were found in 276 (4.7%). Subjects diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (n=5) or medullary sponge kidney (n=1) were excluded from the analyses. A single cyst and multiple cysts were found in 234 (4.0%) and 42 (0.7%) subjects, respectively. The locations of single cyst were cortex in 187, medulla in 26, and parapelvic region in 21. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.12 per 1-year increment, P = 0.002), systolic BP (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02 per 1-mmHg increment, P = 0.006), and hypertension (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.24-2.76, P = 0.003) were independent predictors of the presence of simple cyst. The presence of cysts was not associated with increased prevalence of hematuria. While, the subjects with cysts had higher prevalence of albuminuria than those without cysts (11.3% vs. 4.5%, P &lt;0.001). Multivariate analyses of albuminuria revealed that the presence of simple renal cyst was associated with a 2.30-fold increase in the prevalence of albuminuria (95% CI 1.512-3.519, P &lt;0.001) independently of other risk factors. The location of the cysts was not related to the prevalence of albuminuria. Conclusion The presence of simple renal cysts was independently associated with increased prevalence of albuminuria. The causal relationship between renal cysts and albuminuria needs to be elucidated in further studies.

Low intakes of vitamins C and A are associated with obesity in early adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Jose Luis Gómez-Urquiza ◽  
Irene Medina-Martínez ◽  
Emilio González-Jiménez ◽  
Jaqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract. To evaluate the relationships between the intake of individual antioxidants as well as the dietary antioxidant quality score and obesity-related measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 562 young adults. Fat mass, fat-mass percentage, and fat-free mass were measured using a body composition analyzer. The intake of antioxidant nutrients including vitamins C, E, and A, selenium, zinc, and magnesium were calculated based on a 72-hour diet recall interview. We observed significant differences in the vitamin C (88.6 ± 72.6 mg/day vs. 70.7 ± 60.6 mg/day, p = 0.010), vitamin A (635.8 ± 519.8 μg/day vs. 492.6 ± 318.9 μg/day, p = 0.014), and selenium (135.3 ± 88.7 μg/day vs. 139.3 ± 79.3 μg/day, p = 0.034) intake between normal-weight and overweight or obese young adults. When the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) was analyzed, there were no significant differences between normal-weight versus overweight or obese young adults after adjusting for confounders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin C intake (odds ratio (OR) 0.995, 95% CI 0.992–0.999, p = 0.013) and vitamin A intake (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999–1.000, p = 0.016) were independent predictors of overweight/obesity after adjusting for age, sex and energy intake. In contrast, a higher selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.006, p = 0.034). Future longitudinal investigations of dietary antioxidant intake in relation to the development of obesity would be of interest to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants on obesity.

scholarly journals Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S59-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Van Cauter ◽  
Kristen L Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Children

Sleep is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function and glucose metabolism in children as well as in adults. In recent years, sleep curtailment has become a hallmark of modern society with both children and adults having shorter bedtimes than a few decades ago. This trend for shorter sleep duration has developed over the same time period as the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity. There is rapidly accumulating evidence from both laboratory and epidemiological studies to indicate that chronic partial sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity and weight gain. The present article reviews laboratory evidence indicating that sleep curtailment in young adults results in a constellation of metabolic and endocrine alterations, including decreased glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, elevated sympathovagal balance, increased evening concentrations of cortisol, increased levels of ghrelin, decreased levels of leptin, and increased hunger and appetite. We also review cross-sectional epidemiological studies associating short sleep with increased body mass index and prospective epidemiological studies that have shown an increased risk of weight gain and obesity in children and young adults who are short sleepers. Altogether, the evidence points to a possible role of decreased sleep duration in the current epidemic of obesity.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Treatment and Aortic Dimensions in Turner Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1785-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Bondy ◽  
Phillip L. Van ◽  
Vladimir K. Bakalov ◽  
Vincent B. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: In recent years many girls with Turner syndrome (TS) have been treated with supraphysiological doses of GH to increase adult height. In addition to promoting statural growth, GH may have direct effects on the cardiovascular system. Objective: We sought to determine whether GH treatment affects aortic diameter in girls with TS because there is an increased risk for aortic dilation and dissection in this syndrome. Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, we compared ascending and descending aortic diameters measured by magnetic resonance imaging in GH-treated (n = 53) vs. untreated (n = 48) patients with TS participating in a National Institutes of Health protocol between 2001 and 2004. Results: The average duration of GH treatment was 4.7 with se 0.4 yr (range 2–11 yr). The two groups were similar in age and weight, but GH-treated subjects were on average 8 cm taller (P = 0.002). The diameter of the ascending aorta was increased by 7.3% and descending aorta by 8.9% in the GH-treated group. However, after correction for age, height, weight, and presence of bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation, using a multiple regression, neither history of GH treatment nor the length of GH treatment had an effect on the aortic diameter. Weight (P = 0.02), height (P = 0.001), and presence of bicuspid aortic valve (P = 0.0001) were associated with larger ascending aortic diameter, whereas age (P = 0.008), height (P = 0.02), and history of coarctation (P = 0.006) were associated with larger descending aortic diameter. Conclusions: GH treatment of girls with TS does not seem to affect ascending or descending aortic diameter above the increase related to the larger body size.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ELEVATED RESTING HEART RATE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Atta Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Important Correlation ◽  
Near Future

OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of elevated resting heart rate among young adult population of ZCRS. METHODOLOGY This cross sectional study was conducted at a private sector University with 363 participants, within age group of 18-30, under consideration. The participants underwent an assessment of heart rate at rest with pulse oximeter, height and weight by stadiometer. IBM SPSS version 20 with a Confidence interval of 95% was used for the statistical analysis. The association of elevated Resting Heart Rate and Body Mass Index was assessed. In addition to this gender association elevated were also evaluated. RESULT The incidence of Elevated RHR with a mean of 95.30 ± 3.25 was found to be 27.04 percent. Also, 22.44 percent of participants had their heart rate with a mean heart rate of 108.40 ± 6.69 in the tachycardia category, which showed the increased risk of CVD events in the near future. In BMI’s view, there was no important correlation found between RHR and BMI jointly and in individual classifications (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The results revealed that resting heart rate was elevated among half of the population that may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events in future. KEYWORDS Heart rate, elevated resting heart rate, RHR, Cardiovascular Disease, Young Adults, risk factors modification

scholarly journals Social Participation’s Association with Falls and Frailty in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Risbridger ◽  
R. Walker ◽  
W.K. Gray ◽  
S.B. Kamaruzzaman ◽  
C. Ai-Vyrn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: The global population is ageing rapidly, with the most dramatic increases in developing countries like Malaysia. Older people are at increased risk of multimorbidity, frailty and falls. Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between social participation, frailty and falls in Malaysia. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a cross-sectional study of individuals aged 55 years and above selected from the electoral rolls of three Klang Valley parliamentary constituencies through stratified random sampling. They were invited to take part in a questionnaire and physical assessment as part of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study. Measurements: Fallers were individuals who had fallen in the previous year. Frailty was defined as meeting ≥3 of: low body mass index, reduced cognition, low physical activity, low hand-grip strength, and slow walking speed. Social participation was determined from employment status, social network, and community activity. Binomial logistic regression multivariant analysis was performed to identify links between the measures of social participation and falls and frailty. Results: The mean age of the 1383 participants was 68.5 years, with 57.1% female. Within the population, 22.9% were fallers and 9.3% were frail. Social isolation (OR= 2.119; 95% CI=1.351-3.324), and non-engagement in community activities (OR=2.548; 95% CI=1.107-5.865) were associated with increased frailty. Falls increased with social isolation (OR=1.327; 95% CI=1.004-1.754). Conclusions: Previous studies have shown social participation to be linked to frailty and falls risk, and social isolation to be a predictor of falls. In this study frailty was associated with all three social participation measures and history of falls was associated with social isolation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document