scholarly journals Social Participation’s Association with Falls and Frailty in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Risbridger ◽  
R. Walker ◽  
W.K. Gray ◽  
S.B. Kamaruzzaman ◽  
C. Ai-Vyrn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: The global population is ageing rapidly, with the most dramatic increases in developing countries like Malaysia. Older people are at increased risk of multimorbidity, frailty and falls. Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between social participation, frailty and falls in Malaysia. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a cross-sectional study of individuals aged 55 years and above selected from the electoral rolls of three Klang Valley parliamentary constituencies through stratified random sampling. They were invited to take part in a questionnaire and physical assessment as part of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study. Measurements: Fallers were individuals who had fallen in the previous year. Frailty was defined as meeting ≥3 of: low body mass index, reduced cognition, low physical activity, low hand-grip strength, and slow walking speed. Social participation was determined from employment status, social network, and community activity. Binomial logistic regression multivariant analysis was performed to identify links between the measures of social participation and falls and frailty. Results: The mean age of the 1383 participants was 68.5 years, with 57.1% female. Within the population, 22.9% were fallers and 9.3% were frail. Social isolation (OR= 2.119; 95% CI=1.351-3.324), and non-engagement in community activities (OR=2.548; 95% CI=1.107-5.865) were associated with increased frailty. Falls increased with social isolation (OR=1.327; 95% CI=1.004-1.754). Conclusions: Previous studies have shown social participation to be linked to frailty and falls risk, and social isolation to be a predictor of falls. In this study frailty was associated with all three social participation measures and history of falls was associated with social isolation.

scholarly journals OVARIAN MALIGNANCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Shabana Rafiq ◽  
Razia Bibi ◽  
Samina Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Malignancy ◽  
Ovarian Mass ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of ovarian malignancy in women ofreproductive age presenting with ovarian mass and to determine frequency of factors leadingto ovarian malignancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology, Lady Wallington Hospital, Lahore. Period with Dates: From 05.11.11 to26.06.12. Results: The result of our study reveals majority of the patients between 21-30 yearsi.e. 45.88%(n=39), common age was 24.21+3.76 years, 43.53%(n=37) were nulliparous (inmajority), while frequency of ovarian malignancy in women of reproductive age presenting withovarian mass was recorded in 14.11%(n=12) while frequency of factors leading to ovarianmalignancy was 91.67%(n=11) patients were nulliparous while family history of ovarianmalignancy was in 8.33%(n=1) patients. Conclusions: The frequency of ovarian malignancy ishigher among reproductive age females with increased risk of nulliparity.

scholarly journals Obstetric and neonatal outcome in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage at tertiary care hospital, Karnataka: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintan Upadhyay ◽  
Nisha Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: When clinical pregnancy is established, the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss is ~12-14%, and therefore the incidence of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) by chance alone would be in the order of 0.35%. It occurs in 0.5-3% of women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the obstetric outcome in pregnancies with history of one or more abortions.Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. Record review of cases was done from January 2005 to December 2009. Inclusion criteria were pregnancies with history of previous abortions.Results: There were 400 cases with previous history of abortions. There were 266 (66.4%) booked cases while 134 (33.5%) were unbooked cases. 272 (68.0%) patients crossed viable period of pregnancy (more than 28 weeks). Around 56 (14.0%) cases had repeat abortions, 276 (69.0%) cases underwent vaginal delivery and 124 (31.0%) underwent cesarean section. Almost 91 (22.8%) of Babies were low birth weight while others were above 2.5 kg. There were 52 (13.0%) preterm babies and 28 (7.0%) Intrauterine demise of fetuses.Conclusions: Patients with previous history of abortions are at increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Migraine, Migraine Frequency and Migraine Features in Women

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Winter ◽  
K Berger ◽  
JE Buring ◽  
T Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Migraine Frequency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

We evaluated the association of body mass index (BMI) with migraine and migraine specifics in a cross-sectional study of 63 467 women aged ≥ 45 years, of whom 12 613 (19.9%) reported any history of migraine and 9195 had active migraine. Compared with women without migraine and a BMI < 23 kg/m2, women with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 had adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) of 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) for any history of migraine. Findings were similar for active migraineurs. Women with a BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m2 had increased risk for low and high migraine frequency, with the highest estimate for women who reported daily migraine. Compared with women with the lowest associated risk (migraine frequency < 6 times/year; BMI between 27.0 and 29.9 kg/m2), women with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 had an OR of daily migraine of 3.11 (1.12, 8.67). Among the women with active migraine, a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 was associated with increased risk of phonophobia and photophobia and decreased risk of a unilateral pain characteristic and migraine aura. Our data confirm previous findings that the association between BMI with migraine is limited to migraine frequency and specific migraine features.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of migraine in stroke patients and its association with ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Paridhi Shivde ◽  
Chandrahas Patidar ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Archana Verma ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient’S History

Background: Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headache and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Up to one third of patients also have neurological aura symptoms. It has been suggested that migraine can be a risk factor for stroke. Migraine affects three times the number of women than men. The incidence of stroke in men is two times that of women. It is shown in several studies that women aged 35 to 45 years old are at increased risk of ischemic stroke who had migraine with or without aura.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in 350 consecutive patients of stroke who were attended OPD and admitted in wards of the Department of Medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, MP, India, during period from December 2017 to December 2018.Results: The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 68% belonged to male group followed by 32% of respondents who were females. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 66.6% had ischemic stroke while, 33.4% had hemorrhagic stroke. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 90.9% had no Migraine while, 9.1% had Migraine. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 31.2% had weekly reoccurrence, followed by forth nightly (25%) and lowest was 3.1% of daily recurrence. The association of type of stroke with sex group of patient’s history of headache which found to be significant (p ˂0.05). The association of type of stroke with sex group of patient’s history of various cerebro-vascular risk factors which found to be significant (p<0.05). Patients having hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke also had HTN in 47% and 12.4% patients respectively.Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that migraine can be established as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment with available medication can be helpful in prevention or decreasing risk for developing stroke.

Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance in Women with Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2043-2050
Author(s):  
Selen Gur-Ozmen ◽  
Ruhan Karahan-Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Family History ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveStudies have shown a relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and migraine that is more evident in some migraineurs. Long-term use of various drugs and increased risk of diverse side effects is an unavoidable reality in this population of patients. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with IR in migraine and the impact of chronic usage of various drugs, which might play a part in development of IR.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGebze Fatih General Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.SubjectsMigraine patients (N = 150) were investigated.MethodsWeight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile were also measured. IR was selected as a dependent variable. The independent variables included age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of migraine, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, characteristics of pain, migraine triggers and subgroups, medication used during attack treatment, medication used as prophylactic treatment, and oral contraceptive treatment. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.ResultsCentral obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 7.131, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.451–20.741, P < 0.0001), metoclopramide treatment during an attack (OR = 3.645, 95% CI = 0.996–13.346, P = 0.041), family history of DM (OR = 3.109, 95% CI = 1.189–8.132, P = 0.035), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage during an attack (OR = 2.578, 95% CI = 1.053–6.311, P = 0.043), and negative family history of hypertension (OR = 0.226, 95% CI = 0.085–0.602, P = 0.002) were significant factors for exhibiting IR in migraine.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates an association between metoclopramide and NSAID treatments and IR in migraine.

scholarly journals Hyperglycaemia in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study of the Agona District Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Richard K.D. Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor associated with tuberculosis (TB). This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of hyperglycemia among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Agona Swedru Municipality. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016. One hundred (100) newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Agona Swedru Municipal Hospital (ASMH) were enrolled for the study. Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric measurements were collected and fasting blood glucose (FBG) measured using standard protocols. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Result: Of the 100 participants, 26% had hyperglycemia. The significant factors associated with increased risk of hyperglycemia among participants were history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 8.17, p= 0.004), severity of infection (OR = 23.64, p < 0.001) and duration of symptoms (OR= 2.63, p= 0.042). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia was common among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. History of diabetes mellitus, severity of infection, and duration of symptoms were the determinants of hyperglycemia in pulmonary tuberculosis. Regular screening of hyperglycemia is essential in the management of tuberculosis. Finally, further studies should be conducted on glucose levels among pulmonary tuberculosis patients using higher sample size to increase the understanding of the subject.

Risk factors for odontoclastic resorptive lesions in cats

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Scarlett ◽  
J Saidla ◽  
J Hess
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

A cross-sectional study evaluating potential risk factors for odontoclastic resorptive lesions (ORL) in feline teeth was conducted. Owners of 32 cats with ORL and 27 cats without ORL were interviewed regarding their respective cat's demographic characteristics, diet, and medical and dental histories. Four factors were identified as significantly associated with ORL using unconditional logistic regression. A history of dental disease (gingivitis, calculus, or periodontal disease; odds ratio [OR], 4.5); city residence (OR, 4.4); and being an exclusively indoor cat (OR, 4.5) were associated with an increased risk for ORL. Consumption of commercial treats (OR, 0.3) appeared protective for ORL.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

scholarly journals Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives on the Upcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in Terms of Their Exposure to the Influenza Vaccine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Leena R. Baghdadi ◽  
Shatha G. Alghaihb ◽  
Alanoud A. Abuhaimed ◽  
Dania M. Alkelabi ◽  
Rawan S. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
History Of

In 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)) caused a global pandemic. There was an urgent need to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 to reduce its spread and economic burden. The main objective of this study was to understand the attitudes and concerns of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine, whether their decision was influenced by their history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine, and factors that influence the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We selected and surveyed 356 HCWs via an electronic self-administered questionnaire. A total of 61.16% of HCWs were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and 55.9% of them had received the seasonal influenza vaccine in the preceding year (2019–2020). The strongest predictors for taking the COVID-19 vaccine were the HCWs’ belief that the COVID-19 vaccine would be safe, needed even for healthy people, that all HCWs should be vaccinated against COVID-19, and that HCWs will have time to take the vaccine. Being female, being middle aged, having <5 years of work experience, having no fear of injections, and being a non-smoker were predictive factors for taking the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. No associations were found between the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and a history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine.

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